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OVER(PARTITION BY)函数介绍
开窗函数指定了分析函数工作的数据窗口大小,这个数据窗口大小可能会随着行的变化而变化,举例如下: 1:over后的写法: over(order by salary) 按照salary排序进行累计,order by是个默认的开窗函数 over(partition by deptno)按照部门分区
2:开窗的窗口范围: over(order by salary range between 5 preceding and 5 following):窗口范围为当前行数据幅度减5加5后的范围内的。
举例:
--sum(s)over(order by s range between 2 preceding and 2 following) 表示加2或2的范围内的求和
select name,class,s, sum(s)over(order by s range between 2 preceding and 2 following) mm from t2 adf 3 45 45 --45加2减2即43到47,但是s在这个范围内只有45 asdf 3 55 55 cfe 2 74 74 3dd 3 78 158 --78在76到80范围内有78,80,求和得158 fda 1 80 158 gds 2 92 92 ffd 1 95 190 dss 1 95 190 ddd 3 99 198gf 3 99 198
举例:
3、与over函数结合的几个函数介绍
下面以班级成绩表t2来说明其应用
t2表信息如下: cfe        2        74 dss        1        95 ffd        1        95 fda        1        80 gds        2        92 gf         3        99 ddd        3        99 adf        3        45 asdf       3        55 3dd        3        78
select * from                                                                           (                                                                                select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2     )                                                                                where mm=1; 得到的结果是: dss        1        95        1 ffd        1        95        1 gds        2        92        1 gf         3        99        1 ddd        3        99        1 
注意:     1.在求第一名成绩的时候,不能用row_number(),因为如果同班有两个并列第一,row_number()只返回一个结果; select * from                                                                           (                                                                                select name,class,s,row_number()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2     )                                                                                where mm=1; 1        95        1  --95有两名但是只显示一个 2        92        1 3        99        1 --99有两名但也只显示一个
    2.rank()和dense_rank()可以将所有的都查找出来: 如上可以看到采用rank可以将并列第一名的都查找出来;      rank()和dense_rank()区别:      --rank()是跳跃排序,有两个第二名时接下来就是第四名; select name,class,s,rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2 dss        1        95        1 ffd        1        95        1 fda        1        80        3 --直接就跳到了第三 gds        2        92        1 cfe        2        74        2 gf         3        99        1 ddd        3        99        1 3dd        3        78        3 asdf       3        55        4 adf        3        45        5      --dense_rank()l是连续排序,有两个第二名时仍然跟着第三名 select name,class,s,dense_rank()over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2 dss        1        95        1 ffd        1        95        1 fda        1        80        2 --连续排序(仍为2) gds        2        92        1 cfe        2        74        2 gf         3        99        1 ddd        3        99        1 3dd        3        78        2 asdf       3        55        3 adf        3        45        4
--sum()over()的使用
select name,class,s, sum(s)over(partition by class order by s desc) mm from t2 --根据班级进行分数求和 dss        1        95        190  --由于两个95都是第一名,所以累加时是两个第一名的相加 ffd        1        95        190  fda        1        80        270  --第一名加上第二名的 gds        2        92        92 cfe        2        74        166 gf         3        99        198 ddd        3        99        198 3dd        3        78        276 asdf       3        55        331 adf        3        45        376
first_value() over()和last_value() over()的使用

--找出这三条电路每条电路的第一条记录类型和最后一条记录类型
 
注:rows BETWEEN unbounded preceding AND unbounded following 的使用
--取last_value时不使用rows BETWEEN unbounded preceding AND unbounded following的结果
如下图可以看到,如果不使用
 
数据如下:
 
取出该电路的第一条记录,加上ignore nulls后,如果第一条是判断的那个字段是空的,则默认取下一条,结果如下所示:
 
 
lead(expresstion,<offset>,<default>) with a as  (select 1 id,‘a‘ name from dual  union  select 2 id,‘b‘ name from dual  union  select 3 id,‘c‘ name from dual  union  select 4 id,‘d‘ name from dual  union  select 5 id,‘e‘ name from dual )  select id,name,lead(id,1,‘‘)over(order by name) from a;
--ratio_to_report(a)函数用法 Ratio_to_report() 括号中就是分子,over() 括号中就是分母
with a as (select 1 a from dual            union all select 1 a from dual            union  all select 1 a from dual            union all select 2 a from dual            union all  select 3 a from dual            union all select 4 a from dual            union all select 4 a from dual            union all select 5 a from dual            ) select a, ratio_to_report(a)over(partition by a) b from a  order by a; 
with a as (select 1 a from dual            union all select 1 a from dual            union  all select 1 a from dual            union all select 2 a from dual            union all  select 3 a from dual            union all select 4 a from dual            union all select 4 a from dual            union all select 5 a from dual            ) select a, ratio_to_report(a)over() b from a --分母缺省就是整个占比 order by a; 
with a as (select 1 a from dual            union all select 1 a from dual            union  all select 1 a from dual            union all select 2 a from dual            union all  select 3 a from dual            union all select 4 a from dual            union all select 4 a from dual            union all select 5 a from dual            ) select a, ratio_to_report(a)over() b from a group by a order by a;--分组后的占比
  
 
 
 
 
详细参考http://www.cnblogs.com/lanzi/archive/2010/10/26/1861338.html
--select max(t.check_date),t.user_id from attendance t group by t.user_id;
insert into attendance_day
  (id, user_id, check_day, gps_x, gpx_y)
  select seq_attendance.nextval, t.user_id, t.check_date, t.gps_x, t.gpx_y
  --from attendance t
    from (select m.*,
                 row_number() over(partition by m.user_id order by m.check_date desc) rn
            from attendance m) t
   where rn = 1;
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/bingrong/p/5404935.html