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一、前言
????有了前一篇对集合类的概述,我们知道ArrayList是属于Collection类系中的一个具体实现类,其特点是长度可以动态改变,集合内部使用数组保存元素。下面我们对源码进行分析。
二、ArrayList源代码分析
????2.1 类的继承关系
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{} |
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说明:可以看出ArrayList类实现了List、RandomAccess、Cloneable和Serializable接口。我们可以看出ArrayList是List类系中的具体类。RandomAccess用于支持快速随机访问,Cloneable用于支持深拷贝。同时还继承了AbstractList抽象类,使Arraylist可以选择性的实现List接口中的方法。在定义的时候使用了泛型来支持类型动态加载。
2.2类的属性
/** ???? * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. The ???? * capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. ???? */ ???? // Object数组,用于保存ArrayList的元素,此数组的长度为ArrayList的容量 ???? private transient Object[] elementData; ???? /** ???? * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains). ???? */ ???? // ArrayList的长度,即此ArrayList元素的个数 ???? private int size; ???? //定义数组最大的size ???? private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; |
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????说明:ArrayList中定义了一个Object的数组用于保存元素,故归根结底对于ArrayList的所有操作其实都是对数组的操作,因此在随机访问时效率高,而和改变数组大小相关的操作如插入删除操作效率低。
2.3构造方法
/** ???? * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity. ???? */ ????// 定义一个指定大小的ArrayList,如果参数小于0,抛出异常信息 ????public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { ????????super(); ????????if (initialCapacity < 0) ????????????throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: " ????????????????????+ initialCapacity); ????????// 定义一个指定大小的Object数组 ????????this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; ????} ? ????/** ???? * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. ???? */ ????// 无参构造函数,此时使用默认容量大小10 ????public ArrayList() { ????????// 调用上面的带参构造函数 ????????this(10); ????} ? ????/** ???? * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified collection, in ???? * the order they are returned by the collection‘s iterator. ???? */ ????// 创建一个ArrayList,其中包含参数集合中的所有元素,顺序为迭代器返回的顺序 ????public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { ? ????????elementData = c.toArray(); ????????size = elementData.length; ????????// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) ????????// 当调用toArray函数返回的类型不为Object数组使,使用Arrays.copyOf()函数完成拷贝 ????????if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) ????????????elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); ????} |
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????说明:ArrayList支持三种构造方式:默认大小、指定大小和指定元素。其中使用指定元素或指定大小构造时,所得到的ArrayList对象可以正常使用其所有函数完成增删改等操作。
2.4核心函数分析
1、contains(Object o)函数
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/** ???? * Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in ???? * this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. ???? */ ????// 返回特定元素(包括null)第一次出现的index,如果不存在则返回-1,比较相等时用的是equals方法 ????public int indexOf(Object o) { ????????if (o == null) { ????????????for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) ????????????????if (elementData[i] == null) ????????????????????return i; ????????} else { ????????????for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) ????????????????if (o.equals(elementData[i])) ????????????????????return i; ????????} ????????return -1; ????} ? ????public boolean contains(Object o) { //当indexOf返回值大于0时说明存在 ????????return indexOf(o) >= 0; ????} |
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说明:使用containes或者indexOf方法时需要重写equals方法。
2、添加元素的函数
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/** ???? * Appends the specified element to the end of this list. ???? */ ????public boolean add(E e) { ????????ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! ????????//扩充数组后将元素添加到数组中 ????????elementData[size++] = e; ????????return true; ????} |
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在添加元素时,首先要确保保存元素的数组能够再添加一个元素。在add函数内部首先调用了ensureCapacityInternal函数;函数代码如下:
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { ????????// 大小被改变的次数加1 ????????modCount++; ????????// overflow-conscious code ????????//如果最小需要容量大于数组的长度时,需要对数组长度扩充 ????????if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) ????????????grow(minCapacity); ????} |
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此函数比较存放元素所需空间和数组的长度,如果长度不够,则调用grow函数扩充数组容量,参数为元素个数。函数代码如下:
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private void grow(int minCapacity) { ????????// overflow-conscious code ????????int oldCapacity = elementData.length; ????????// 将数组原始长度又移一位加上原始长度,得到新的数组长度 ????????int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); ????????//如果新的数组长度仍然小于元素个数,则直接将元素个数当作新的数组长度 ????????if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) ????????????newCapacity = minCapacity; ????????//如果新的数组长度大于最大支持数组 长度获取最大数组长度 ????????if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) ????????????newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); ????????// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: ????????//将数组元素复制到新的数组 ????????elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); ????} |
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grow函数按照一定的规则获取新的数组长度,并将元素复制到新的数组中,其中如果新的数组长度大于支持的最大值时,会调用hugeCapacity函数获取获取整数的最大值作为数组长度。其中函数源代码如下:
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { ????????if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow ????????????throw new OutOfMemoryError(); ????????return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE ????????????????: MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; ????} |
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添加元素大致的流程是:调用add方法----------->扩充数组-------------->添加元素
将元素添加到指定index中:
public void add(int index, E element) { ????????// 检查index是否合法,小于0或者大于数组长度都将抛出异常 ????????rangeCheckForAdd(index); ????????// 扩充容量 ????????ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! ????????//将index索引后面的元素全部向后移动一位 ????????System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size ????????????????- index); ????????elementData[index] = element; ????????size++; ????} |
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添加多个元素到集合的末尾
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { ????????// 获取集合对应的数组 ????????Object[] a = c.toArray(); ????????// 获取数组长度 ????????int numNew = a.length; ????????// 扩充容量 ????????ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount ????????// 将集合元素添加到数组的末尾 ????????System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew); ????????size += numNew; ????????return numNew != 0; ????} |
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????添加多个元素到指定index
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { ????????// 检查index是否合法 ????????rangeCheckForAdd(index); ????????Object[] a = c.toArray(); ????????int numNew = a.length; ????????// 扩充数组 ????????ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount ? ????????int numMoved = size - index; ????????// 移动index以后的元素 ????????if (numMoved > 0) ????????????System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, ????????????????????numMoved); ????????//将元素添加到到数组中 ????????System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew); ????????size += numNew; ????????return numNew != 0; ????} |
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????说明:当在中间插入元素时,要对数组元素进行重排序,因此效率要低。
3、删除元素函数
删除指定index的元素
E elementData(int index) { ????????return (E) elementData[index]; ????} ????public E remove(int index) { ????????// 检查index的合法性 ????????rangeCheck(index); ????????modCount++; ????????// 保存要删除的元素 ????????E oldValue = elementData(index); ? ????????int numMoved = size - index - 1; ????????if (numMoved > 0) ????????????System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, ????????????????????numMoved); ????????// 将最后一个元素设置为null ????????elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work ? ????????return oldValue; ????} |
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删除操作实质上是用后面的元素覆盖掉前面要删除的元素,最后将末尾元素设置为null的操作
删除指定第一次出现的元素
private void fastRemove(int index) { ????????modCount++; ????????int numMoved = size - index - 1; ????????if (numMoved > 0) ????????????System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, ????????????????????numMoved); ????????elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work ????} ????public boolean remove(Object o) { ????????if (o == null) { ????????????//可以remove一个null元素 ????????????for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) ????????????????if (elementData[index] == null) { ????????????????????fastRemove(index); ????????????????????return true; ????????????????} ????????} else { ????????????for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) ????????????????//以来equals方法,所以元素需要重写equals方法 ????????????????if (o.equals(elementData[index])) { ????????????????????fastRemove(index); ????????????????????return true; ????????????????} ????????} ????????return false; ????} |
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删除操作依赖于equals方法,并且可以删除null;
删除指定集合中的所有元素,该方法依赖containes方法比较元素,因此元素同样需要重新定义equals方法
private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) { ????????final Object[] elementData = this.elementData; ????????int r = 0, w = 0; ????????boolean modified = false; ????????try { ????????????for (; r < size; r++) ????????????????if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement) ????????????????????elementData[w++] = elementData[r]; ????????} finally { ????????????// Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection, ????????????// even if c.contains() throws. ????????????//如果有异常发生,将发生异常后面的元素直接拷贝到数组中 ????????????if (r != size) { ????????????????System.arraycopy(elementData, r, elementData, w, size - r); ????????????????w += size - r; ????????????} ????????????//如果新数组元素个数小于之前数组的长度 ,将w之后的元素全部设置为null ????????????if (w != size) { ????????????????for (int i = w; i < size; i++) ????????????????????elementData[i] = null; ????????????????modCount += size - w; ????????????????size = w; ????????????????modified = true; ????????????} ????????} ????????return modified; ????} ? ????// 删除若干个元素 ????public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) { ????????// 调用batchRemove函数 ????????return batchRemove(c, false); ????} |
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收获:在对数组进行增删改查等操作时,应该首先检查index的合法性
删除所有不在参数集合中的元素
public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) { return batchRemove(c, true); } |
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三、总结
????ArrayList对于元素的操作底层实现全部是基于对数组的操作实现的,因此具有随机访问效率高,但是插入删除效率低的特点。
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/vitasyuan/p/5410435.html