码迷,mamicode.com
首页 > 其他好文 > 详细

软中断浅析

时间:2014-07-30 00:31:52      阅读:568      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:style   blog   color   使用   os   io   数据   for   

1.和软中断相关的数据结构:

softing_vec数组(kernel/softirq.c)

1 static struct softirq_action softirq_vec[NR_SOFTIRQS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;

NR_SOFTIRQS值为10,说明内核支持10个软中断函数。

 

softirq_action结构体(include/linux/interrupt.h)

1 struct softirq_action
2 {
3     void    (*action)(struct softirq_action *);
4 };

action是函数指针变量,指向了某个软中断函数。

 

irq_cpustat_t结构体(arch/x86/include/asm/hardirq.h)

 1 typedef struct {
 2     unsigned int __softirq_pending;
 3     unsigned int __nmi_count;    /* arch dependent */
 4 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
 5     unsigned int apic_timer_irqs;    /* arch dependent */
 6     unsigned int irq_spurious_count;
 7     unsigned int icr_read_retry_count;
 8 #endif
 9 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KVM
10     unsigned int kvm_posted_intr_ipis;
11 #endif
12     unsigned int x86_platform_ipis;    /* arch dependent */
13     unsigned int apic_perf_irqs;
14     unsigned int apic_irq_work_irqs;
15 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
16     unsigned int irq_resched_count;
17     unsigned int irq_call_count;
18     /*
19      * irq_tlb_count is double-counted in irq_call_count, so it must be
20      * subtracted from irq_call_count when displaying irq_call_count
21      */
22     unsigned int irq_tlb_count;
23 #endif
24 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_THERMAL_VECTOR
25     unsigned int irq_thermal_count;
26 #endif
27 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE_THRESHOLD
28     unsigned int irq_threshold_count;
29 #endif
30 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HYPERV) || defined(CONFIG_XEN)
31     unsigned int irq_hv_callback_count;
32 #endif
33 } ____cacheline_aligned irq_cpustat_t;

每个cpu都有一个这样的结构体变量,在软中断中,我们要使用的是第2行的成员,32位的软中断掩码。当有一个软中断被挂起(将要被执行)的时候,会设置该掩码中的相应位。

 

2.软中断的执行过程

首先使用open_softirq()函数注册软中断函数,代码如下(kernel/softirq.c):

1 void open_softirq(int nr, void (*action)(struct softirq_action *))
2 {
3     softirq_vec[nr].action = action;
4 }

将软中断函数指针action存入softirq_vec数组的对应元素中。

接着,使用raise_softirq()激活软中断,代码如下(kernel/softirq.c):

1 void raise_softirq(unsigned int nr)
2 {
3     unsigned long flags;
4 
5     local_irq_save(flags);
6     raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
7     local_irq_restore(flags);
8 }

第5行关闭本地中断,第7行恢复中断。第6行激活nr所对应的软中断函数。接着分析 raise_softirq_irqoff(),代码如下(kernel/softirq.c):

 1 inline void raise_softirq_irqoff(unsigned int nr)
 2 {
 3     __raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
 4 
 5     /*
 6      * If we‘re in an interrupt or softirq, we‘re done
 7      * (this also catches softirq-disabled code). We will
 8      * actually run the softirq once we return from
 9      * the irq or softirq.
10      *
11      * Otherwise we wake up ksoftirqd to make sure we
12      * schedule the softirq soon.
13      */
14     if (!in_interrupt())
15         wakeup_softirqd();
16 }

第3行__raise_softirq_irqoff函数设置了软中断掩码的相应位,代码如下(kernel/softirq.c)。然后第14行判断软中断是否已经激活或者被禁用,如果没有,那么在15行激活内核线程ksoftirq,去执行软中断。

1 void (unsigned int nr)
2 {
3     trace_softirq_raise(nr);
4     or_softirq_pending(1UL << nr);
5 }

具体而言,在第4行的函数中设置掩码位。

 

3.下面分析下在哪些地方都可以进入软中断。

第一个地方,当然就是上边所提到的,内核线程ksoftirq被激活的时候。下面看看ksoftirq线程(kernel/softirq.c)。

1 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, ksoftirqd);

给每个cpu都定义一个指向struct task_struct类型的结构体变量,很显然,该变量存的是ksoftirq线程的进程描述符。(由此也说明,linux的线程和进程是一个东西)

接着,我们要看看ksoftirq线程要执行的函数(kernel/softirq.c)。

 1 static void run_ksoftirqd(unsigned int cpu)
 2 {
 3     local_irq_disable();
 4     if (local_softirq_pending()) {
 5         /*
 6          * We can safely run softirq on inline stack, as we are not deep
 7          * in the task stack here.
 8          */
 9         __do_softirq();
10         rcu_note_context_switch(cpu);
11         local_irq_enable();
12         cond_resched();
13         return;
14     }
15     local_irq_enable();
16 }

该函数就是ksoftirq线程的线程体。第9行__do_softirq()中调用所有软中断函数。

我们回过头来再分析下wakeup_softirqd(),看看ksoftirq线程怎样被唤醒(kernel/softirq.c)。

1 static void wakeup_softirqd(void)
2 {
3     /* Interrupts are disabled: no need to stop preemption */
4     struct task_struct *tsk = __this_cpu_read(ksoftirqd);
5 
6     if (tsk && tsk->state != TASK_RUNNING)
7         wake_up_process(tsk);
8 }

第4行把本地cpu的ksoftirq线程的描述符读到tsk变量中,第6行中判断ksoftirq线程如果没有运行的话,第7行唤醒该线程。

第二个地方,中断处理程序do_IRQ完成处理或者调用irq_exit函数时。下面看看irq_exit代码(kernel/softirq.c)

 1 void irq_exit(void)
 2 {
 3 #ifndef __ARCH_IRQ_EXIT_IRQS_DISABLED
 4     local_irq_disable();
 5 #else
 6     WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());
 7 #endif
 8 
 9     account_irq_exit_time(current);
10     preempt_count_sub(HARDIRQ_OFFSET);
11     if (!in_interrupt() && local_softirq_pending())
12         invoke_softirq();
13 
14     tick_irq_exit();
15     rcu_irq_exit();
16     trace_hardirq_exit(); /* must be last! */
17 }

不用我说了吧,我觉得你一眼就能瞄见了第12行。看下invoke_softirq函数(kernel/softirq.c)

 1 static inline void invoke_softirq(void)
 2 {
 3     if (!force_irqthreads) {
 4 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_IRQ_EXIT_ON_IRQ_STACK
 5         /*
 6          * We can safely execute softirq on the current stack if
 7          * it is the irq stack, because it should be near empty
 8          * at this stage.
 9          */
10         __do_softirq();
11 #else
12         /*
13          * Otherwise, irq_exit() is called on the task stack that can
14          * be potentially deep already. So call softirq in its own stack
15          * to prevent from any overrun.
16          */
17         do_softirq_own_stack();
18 #endif
19     } else {
20         wakeup_softirqd();
21     }
22 }

第3行force_irqthreads值为0,所以该函数也调用了__do_softirq()来执行软中断。

还有几处地方暂时不分析了,以后有空补上。

 

4.下面来看下__do_softirq()函数(kernel/softirq.c)

 1 asmlinkage __visible void __do_softirq(void)
 2 {
 3     unsigned long end = jiffies + MAX_SOFTIRQ_TIME;
 4     unsigned long old_flags = current->flags;
 5     int max_restart = MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART;
 6     struct softirq_action *h;
 7     bool in_hardirq;
 8     __u32 pending;
 9     int softirq_bit;
10 
11     /*
12      * Mask out PF_MEMALLOC s current task context is borrowed for the
13      * softirq. A softirq handled such as network RX might set PF_MEMALLOC
14      * again if the socket is related to swap
15      */
16     current->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;
17 
18     pending = local_softirq_pending();
19     account_irq_enter_time(current);
20 
21     __local_bh_disable_ip(_RET_IP_, SOFTIRQ_OFFSET);
22     in_hardirq = lockdep_softirq_start();
23 
24 restart:
25     /* Reset the pending bitmask before enabling irqs */
26     set_softirq_pending(0);
27 
28     local_irq_enable();
29 
30     h = softirq_vec;
31 
32     while ((softirq_bit = ffs(pending))) {
33         unsigned int vec_nr;
34         int prev_count;
35 
36         h += softirq_bit - 1;
37 
38         vec_nr = h - softirq_vec;
39         prev_count = preempt_count();
40 
41         kstat_incr_softirqs_this_cpu(vec_nr);
42 
43         trace_softirq_entry(vec_nr);
44         h->action(h);
45         trace_softirq_exit(vec_nr);
46         if (unlikely(prev_count != preempt_count())) {
47             pr_err("huh, entered softirq %u %s %p with preempt_count %08x, exited with %08x?\n",
48                    vec_nr, softirq_to_name[vec_nr], h->action,
49                    prev_count, preempt_count());
50             preempt_count_set(prev_count);
51         }
52         h++;
53         pending >>= softirq_bit;
54     }
55 
56     rcu_bh_qs(smp_processor_id());
57     local_irq_disable();
58 
59     pending = local_softirq_pending();
60     if (pending) {
61         if (time_before(jiffies, end) && !need_resched() &&
62             --max_restart)
63             goto restart;
64 
65         wakeup_softirqd();
66     }
67 
68     lockdep_softirq_end(in_hardirq);
69     account_irq_exit_time(current);
70     __local_bh_enable(SOFTIRQ_OFFSET);
71     WARN_ON_ONCE(in_interrupt());
72     tsk_restore_flags(current, old_flags, PF_MEMALLOC);
73 } 

在该函数中循环调用的所有的被激活的软中断函数。第5行MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART值为10,表示最多循环10次(不能让其他进程等太久),第32行获取pending表中第一被设置的比特位,第44行开始执行设置过的软中断函数。第53行对pending进行右移运算,然后进入下次循环。直到将本轮所有已设置的软中断函数全部执行完,退出循环。第59行重新获得本地cpu的软中断掩码,第61行如果时间没有超出end而且没有出现更高优先级的进程并且10次寻环未用完,那么跳回restart,重新for循环。否则,第65行唤醒softirqd内核线程。然后退出本函数。

 

至此,软中断的处理过程就分析完了。

 

软中断浅析,布布扣,bubuko.com

软中断浅析

标签:style   blog   color   使用   os   io   数据   for   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/liangning/p/3876534.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
登录后才能评论!
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码!