[从头学声学] 第207节声学的原理

时间：2016-05-07 09:58:00 阅读：257 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

标签：

剧情提要：
[机器小伟]在[工程师阿伟]的陪同下进行着声学神通的修炼。
这次要研究的是[声学的原理]。

正剧开始：

星历2016年05月06日 13:54:48, 银河系厄尔斯星球中华帝国江南行省。
[工程师阿伟]正在和[机器小伟]一起研究[声学的原理]。

技术分享

这个音高频率表是这样算出来的：

[32.703, 34.648, 36.708, 38.891, 41.203, 43.654, 46.249, 48.999, 51.913, 55.0, 58.27, 61.735, 65.406, 69.296, 73.416, 77.782, 82.407, 87.307, 92.499, 97.999, 103.826, 110.0, 116.541, 123.471, 130.813, 138.591, 146.832, 155.563, 164.814, 174.614, 184.997, 195.998, 207.652, 220.0, 233.082, 246.942, 261.626, 277.183, 293.665, 311.127, 329.628, 349.228, 369.994, 391.995, 415.305, 440.0, 466.164, 493.883, 523.251, 554.365, 587.33, 622.254, 659.255, 698.456, 739.989, 783.991, 830.609, 880.0, 932.328, 987.767, 1046.502, 1108.731, 1174.659, 1244.508, 1318.51, 1396.913, 1479.978, 1567.982, 1661.219, 1760.0, 1864.655, 1975.533, 2093.005, 2217.461, 2349.318, 2489.016, 2637.02, 2793.826, 2959.955, 3135.963, 3322.438, 3520.0, 3729.31, 3951.066]

def tmp():
    #公比 半音
    q = 2**(1/12);
    #A4 = (+9)
    A4 = 440;
    #C1 = (-36)
    C1 = A4/q**45;

    toneFrequence = [];
    for i in range(-36, 48):
        toneFrequence.append(round(A4*q**(i-9), 3));

    print(toneFrequence);

技术分享

>>> 203.91*5+90.22
1109.77
>>> 203.91*5+90.22*2
1199.99

>>> 
[440, 469.865, 495.0, 528.598, 556.875, 594.672, 626.484, 669.006, 704.795, 752.632, 792.894, 846.711, 892.006]

#三分损益法（黄钟大吕音)
def tmp():
    #公比 半音
    q = 2**(1/1200);
    #A4 = (+9)
    A4 = 440;
    tmpfreq  = A4;
    
    toneFrequence = [];
    for i in range(13):        
        toneFrequence.append(round(tmpfreq, 3));
        if (i%2==0):
            tmpfreq *= q**(113.69);
        else:
            tmpfreq *= q**(90.22);
    print(toneFrequence);

技术分享

阿伟给小伟做了一个乐音遍历工具，可以听出国际谱中的所有音符。

本来可以传到酷狗的，但想了想，还是传优酷了，尽管很短，

还要看很长时间的广告。

点击打开链接 -- 乐音音符

idleWave = [b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00'];


#把十进制数按照小尾字节序切割
def littleEndian(number, byte = 4):
    result = [0]*byte;

    for i in range(byte):
        result[i] = number%256;
        number//=256;
    return result;




    

#把UltraEdit中的值字串转化为hex序列组
def hexExpr(string):
    resultString = '';
    size = len(string);
    for i in range(size):
        if (i == 0 ):
            resultString += '0x'+string[i];
        elif (string[i] == ' '):
            resultString += ', 0x';
        else:
            resultString += string[i];
    print(resultString);


###
# @usage   写.wav文件，能把声波数据阵列用二进制写成.wav。
# @author  mw
# @date    2016年04月28日  星期四  14:31:34 
# @param
# @return
#
###
def writeWav(index , filename):
    
    byteArray = [];
    dataArray = [];

    mode = 2;
    
    #样本数据阵列
    sampleArray = [];

    if mode == 1:
        sampleArray = waveDataChoose(index, filename);
    elif mode == 2:
        sampleArray = waveDataChoose_2(filename);

    #样本数据点数
    N = len(sampleArray);
    times = 2;
    dataSize = N*times;
    
    fileSize = dataSize+44; #44为格式头部分所用字节数
    
    #RIFF WAVE CHUNK
    RIFF_ID = [0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46];  #'RIFF'
    RIFF_Size = littleEndian(fileSize-8, 4); #文件总字节数减去8
    RIFF_Type = [0x57, 0x41,0x56, 0x45, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x74, 0x20]; #'WAVEfat '

    #Format Chunk
    Format_10_17 = [0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00];#过滤4+格式2+声道2=8个字节
    Format_18_1B = [0x11, 0x2B, 0x00, 0x00]; #采样频率0x2B11 = 11025
    Format_1C_1F = [0x22, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00]; #比持率 = 频率*通道*样本位 = 22050
    Format_20_23 = [0x02, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00]; #块对齐 = 通道数* 样本位数 = 1*2 = 2    

    #Fact Chunk(optional)

    #Data Chunk
    Data_24_27 = [0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x61]; #'DATA'标记
    Data_Size = littleEndian(fileSize-44, 4); #下面的Data部分的字节数，文件总字节数-44


    #RIFF WAVE CHUNK
    '''
    for i in range(4):
        byte = struct.pack('B', RIFF_ID[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);
    '''

    RIFF = [b'R', b'I', b'F', b'F'];
    for i in range(4):
        byteArray.append(RIFF[i]);

    for i in range(4):
        byte = struct.pack('B', RIFF_Size[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);

    '''
    for i in range(8):
        byte = struct.pack('B', RIFF_Type[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);

    #Format Chunk
    for i in range(8):
        byte = struct.pack('B', Format_10_17[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);

    for i in range(4):
        byte = struct.pack('B', Format_18_1B[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);

    for i in range(4):
        byte = struct.pack('B', Format_1C_1F[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);

    for i in range(4):
        byte = struct.pack('B', Format_20_23[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);

    
    #Data Chunk
    for i in range(4):
        byte = struct.pack('B', Data_24_27[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);
    '''

    #Format_28_2B是数据块大小，formatHead是它前面的所有部分
    formatHead = [b'W', b'A', b'V', b'E', b'f', b'm', b't', b' ',                   b'\x10', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x00', b'\x01', b'\x00', b'\x01', b'\x00',                   b'\x11', b'+', b'\x00', b'\x00',                   b'"', b'V', b'\x00', b'\x00',                   b'\x02', b'\x00', b'\x10', b'\x00',                   b'd', b'a', b't', b'a'];

    for i in range(len(formatHead)):
        byteArray.append(formatHead[i]);

    for i in range(4):
        byte = struct.pack('B', Data_Size[i]);
        byteArray.append(byte);


    #写出到文件
    print('文件写入开始。>>>');

    s = '';
    if mode == 1:
        s = filename[index]+'.wav';
    elif mode == 2:
        s = 'randMusic'+str(index)+'.wav';
        
    fout= open(s, 'wb');
    size = len(byteArray);
    
    for i in range(size):
        fout.write(byteArray[i]);       
    
    size = len(sampleArray);
    sizeIdle = len(idleWave);
    

    
    for j in range(times):
        for i in range(size):
            fout.write(sampleArray[i]);

    fout.close();
    print('文件写入完毕。');


#生成声音样本，返回样本矩阵
def sampleGen(N, freq):
    #设立20000个数值点，约可听2秒
    sampleArray = [];

    coef = 2*math.pi*freq/11025;
    #音色调节
    weight = [1, 2.55, 2.13, 1.98, 1.57, 1.23];
    total = sum(weight);
   
    
    for i in range(N):
        xvalue = coef*i;
        
        yvalue = (weight[0]*math.sin(xvalue) + weight[1]*math.sin(xvalue*2)+ weight[2]*math.sin(xvalue*3) +                 weight[3]*math.sin(xvalue*4) + weight[4]*math.sin(xvalue*5)+ weight[5]*math.sin(xvalue*6))/total;
        if (yvalue < 0):
            yvalue *= 32768;
        else:
            yvalue *= 32767;
        sampleArray.append(round(yvalue));
    return sampleArray;


def waveDataGen(freq):
    N = 200;

    sampleArray = sampleGen(N, freq);
    dataArray = [];
    
    for i in range(N):
        value = littleEndian(sampleArray[i], 2);
        for j in range(2):
            byte = struct.pack('B', value[j]);
            dataArray.append(byte);    

    return dataArray;

def genIdle():
    dataArray = [];
    
    for i in range(200):
        value = littleEndian(0, 2);
        for j in range(2):
            byte = struct.pack('B', value[j]);
            dataArray.append(byte);    

    print(dataArray);

#波形选择
def waveDataChoose(index, filename):
    import wavedata;
    
    tmpdata = eval('wavedata.'+filename[index]);

    sampledata = [];

    for i in range(1, 21):
        for j in range(15):
            sampledata += idleWave;

        for j in range(i):
            sampledata += tmpdata;

        for j in range(15):
            sampledata += idleWave;

    return sampledata; 

def waveDataChoose_2(filename):
    import wavedata;

    size = len(filename);    

    sampledata = [];
    
    for i in range(300):
        #index_1 = random.randint(24, size-1-36);
        idleCircle = random.randint(2, 8);
        longIdleCircle = random.randint(8, 20);
        musicCircle = random.randint(2, 15);
        
        tmpdata = eval('wavedata.'+filename[i%size]);

        for j in range(musicCircle):
            sampledata += tmpdata;

        for j in range(idleCircle):
            sampledata += idleWave;

        if (i%longIdleCircle == 0):
            for j in range(longIdleCircle):
                sampledata += idleWave;

    for i in range(30):
        sampledata += idleWave;

        
    return sampledata;
    

#调用入口, 生成wav文件
def tmp(filename):
    size = len(filename);
    
    for i in range(size):
        if i > 300:
            break;
        
        writeWav(i, filename);

def tmp_2(index, filename):
    writeWav(index, filename);

#生成声波数据
def tmp2():
    print('生成波形开始。>>>');
    
    fout= open('output.txt', 'w');

    frequence = [32.703, 34.648, 36.708, 38.891, 41.203, 43.654, 46.249, 48.999, 51.913, 55.0, 58.27, 61.735,                 65.406, 69.296, 73.416, 77.782, 82.407, 87.307, 92.499, 97.999, 103.826, 110.0, 116.541, 123.471,                 130.813, 138.591, 146.832, 155.563, 164.814, 174.614, 184.997, 195.998, 207.652, 220.0, 233.082, 246.942,                 261.626, 277.183, 293.665, 311.127, 329.628, 349.228, 369.994, 391.995, 415.305, 440.0, 466.164, 493.883,                 523.251, 554.365, 587.33, 622.254, 659.255, 698.456, 739.989, 783.991, 830.609, 880.0, 932.328, 987.767,                 1046.502, 1108.731, 1174.659, 1244.508, 1318.51, 1396.913, 1479.978, 1567.982, 1661.219, 1760.0, 1864.655, 1975.533,                 2093.005, 2217.461, 2349.318, 2489.016, 2637.02, 2793.826, 2959.955, 3135.963, 3322.438, 3520.0, 3729.31, 3951.066];

    size = len(frequence);
    
    for i in range(size):
        dataStr = 'musicfreq_'+str(frequence[i]).replace('.', 'p') + ' = [';
        fout.write(dataStr);

        data = waveDataGen(frequence[i]);
        size_1 = len(data);

        for n in range(size_1):
            fout.write(str(data[n]));
            if (n < size_1-1):
                fout.write(', ');

        fout.write('];');
            
        fout.write('\r\n');

    fout.close();
    print('生成波形结束，请到output.txt查收。');



#打印文件名             
def tmp3():
    filename = [];
    
    frequence = [32.703, 34.648, 36.708, 38.891, 41.203, 43.654, 46.249, 48.999, 51.913, 55.0, 58.27, 61.735,             65.406, 69.296, 73.416, 77.782, 82.407, 87.307, 92.499, 97.999, 103.826, 110.0, 116.541, 123.471,             130.813, 138.591, 146.832, 155.563, 164.814, 174.614, 184.997, 195.998, 207.652, 220.0, 233.082, 246.942,             261.626, 277.183, 293.665, 311.127, 329.628, 349.228, 369.994, 391.995, 415.305, 440.0, 466.164, 493.883,             523.251, 554.365, 587.33, 622.254, 659.255, 698.456, 739.989, 783.991, 830.609, 880.0, 932.328, 987.767,             1046.502, 1108.731, 1174.659, 1244.508, 1318.51, 1396.913, 1479.978, 1567.982, 1661.219, 1760.0, 1864.655, 1975.533,             2093.005, 2217.461, 2349.318, 2489.016, 2637.02, 2793.826, 2959.955, 3135.963, 3322.438, 3520.0, 3729.31, 3951.066];

    size = len(frequence);
    
    for i in range(size):
        dataStr = 'musicfreq_'+str(frequence[i]).replace('.', 'p');
        filename.append(dataStr);

    print(filename);


if __name__ == '__main__':    
    part = 1;

    if (part == 3):
        tmp3();
    elif (part == 2):
        tmp2();
    elif (part == 1):
        import wavename;
        filename = wavename.wavename;
        
        tmp_2(3, filename);

技术分享

点击打开链接 -- 元音发音

#生成声音样本，返回样本矩阵
def sampleGen_2(N, freq1, freq2):
    #设立20000个数值点，约可听2秒
    sampleArray = [];

    coef = 2*math.pi/11025;

    #音色调节
    weight = [1.53, 1];
    total = sum(weight);
    
    for i in range(N):
        xcoef_1 = coef*i*freq1;
        xcoef_2 = coef*i*freq2;
        
        yvalue = (weight[0]*math.sin(xcoef_1)+ weight[1]*math.sin(xcoef_2))/total;
        
        if (yvalue < 0):
            yvalue *= 32768;
        else:
            yvalue *= 32767;
        sampleArray.append(round(yvalue));
    return sampleArray;


def waveDataGen_2(freq1, freq2):
    N = 200;

    sampleArray = sampleGen_2(N, freq1, freq2);
    dataArray = [];
    
    for i in range(N):
        value = littleEndian(sampleArray[i], 2);
        for j in range(2):
            byte = struct.pack('B', value[j]);
            dataArray.append(byte);    

    return dataArray;                                                          

#生成声波数据
def tmp2_2():
    print('生成波形开始。>>>');
    
    fout= open('output.txt', 'w');

    frequence = [[240,2400],
                 [235,2100],
                 [390,2300],
                 [370,1900],
                 [610,1900],
                 [585,1710],
                 [850, 1610],
                 [820, 1530],
                 [750, 940],
                 [700, 760],
                 [600, 1170],
                 [500, 700],
                 [460, 1310],
                 [360, 640],
                 [300, 1390],
                 [250, 595]];
    
        
    size = len(frequence);
    
    for i in range(size):
        dataStr = 'primaryTone_'+ str(frequence[i][0])+'_'+str(frequence[i][1]) + ' = [';
                                                               
        fout.write(dataStr);

        data = waveDataGen_2(frequence[i][0], frequence[i][1]);
        size_1 = len(data);

        for n in range(size_1):
            fout.write(str(data[n]));
            if (n < size_1-1):
                fout.write(', ');

        fout.write('];');
            
        fout.write('\r\n');

    fout.close();
    print('生成波形结束，请到output.txt查收。');
    
#生成声波数据
def tmp3_2():
    filename = [];

    frequence = [[240,2400],
                 [235,2100],
                 [390,2300],
                 [370,1900],
                 [610,1900],
                 [585,1710],
                 [850, 1610],
                 [820, 1530],
                 [750, 940],
                 [700, 760],
                 [600, 1170],
                 [500, 700],
                 [460, 1310],
                 [360, 640],
                 [300, 1390],
                 [250, 595]];
        
    size = len(frequence);
    
    for i in range(size):
        dataStr = 'primaryTone_'+ str(frequence[i][0])+'_'+str(frequence[i][1]);                                                               
        filename.append(dataStr);
    
    print(filename);

    
if __name__ == '__main__':    
    part = 1;

    if (part == 3):
        tmp3_2();
    elif (part == 2):
        tmp2_2();
    elif (part == 1):
        import wavename;
        filename = wavename.wavename;
        
        tmp_2(5, filename);

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