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1系统12864点阵型液晶显示屏的基本原理
12864点阵图形液晶显示器应用,一种通过C51编程实现对LCD12864液晶屏的控制,液晶显示器(LCD)具有低工作电压、微功耗、显示灵活、成本低等特点。
数字电路中数据以0和1保存,对LCD控制器进行不同的数据操作,可以得到不同的结果。对于显示英文操作,由于英文字母种类少只需要8位(一字节)即可。而对于中文,常用却有6000以上,于是我们的DOS前辈想了一个办法,就是将ASCII表的高128个很少用到的数值以两个为一组来表示汉字,即汉字的内码。而剩下的低128位则留给英文字符使用,即英文的内码。
得到了汉字的内码后,利用文字的字模,即用数字的各位信息来记载英文或汉字的形状,如英文的‘A‘在字模的记载方式如图1所示:
而中文的“你”在字模中的记载却如图2所示:
2. 汉字图形点阵液晶显示模块(QC12864B)主要技术参数和显示特性:
① QC12864B汉字图形点阵液晶显示模块,可显示汉字及图形
② 内置 8192个中文汉字(16X16点阵)、128个字符(8X16点阵)及 64X256点阵显示 RAM(GDRAM)
③ 电源:VDD 3.3V~+5V(内置升压电路,无需负压);显示内容:128列× 64 行
④ 显示颜色:黄绿屏,蓝屏
⑤ 显示角度:6:00钟直视
⑥ LCD类型:STN
⑦ 与 MCU接口:8 位并口或串行配置 LED背光
⑧ 多种软件功能:光标显示、画面移位、自定义字符、睡眠模式等
模块有并行和串行两种连接方法(时序如下):
一、8 位并行连接时序图
MPU 写资料到模块如图4所示:
图4 MPU写资料到模块图
①MPU 从模块读出资料如图5所示:
图5 MPU从模块读出资料图
二、串行连接时序图
串行数据传送共分三个字节完成:
第一字节:串口控制—格式11111ABC
① A 为数据传送方向控制:H 表示数据从 LCD 到 MCU,L 表示数据从 MCU 到 LCD
② B 为数据类型选择:H 表示数据是显示数据,L 表示数据是控制指令
③ C 固定为 0
第二字节: (并行)8 位数据的高 4 位—格式 DDDD0000
第三字节: (并行)8 位数据的低 4 位—格式 0000DDDD 串行接口时序参数:(测试条件:T=25℃ VDD=5.0V)
表1 12864LCD的引脚说明
管脚号 |
管脚名称 |
LEVER |
管脚功能描述 |
1 |
VSS |
0 |
电源地 |
2 |
VDD |
+5.0V |
电源电压 |
3 |
V0 |
- |
液晶显示器驱动电压 |
4 |
D/I(RS) |
H/L |
D/I=“H”,表示DB7∽DB0为显示数据 D/I=“L”,表示DB7∽DB0为显示指令数据 |
5 |
R/W |
H/L |
R/W=“H”,E=“H”数据被读到DB7∽DB0 R/W=“L”,E=“H→L”数据被写到IR或DR |
6 |
E |
H/L |
R/W=“L”,E信号下降沿锁存DB7∽DB0 R/W=“H”,E=“H”DDRAM数据读到DB7∽DB0 |
7 |
DB0-DB7 |
H/L |
数据线 |
8 |
CS1 |
H/L |
H:选择芯片(左半屏)信号 |
9 |
CS2 |
H/L |
H:选择芯片(右半屏)信号 |
10 |
RET |
H/L |
复位信号,低电平复位 |
11 |
VOUT |
-10V |
LCD驱动负电压 |
12 |
LED+ |
- |
LED背光板电源 |
13 |
LED- |
- |
LED背光板电源 |
说明:12864点阵型液晶 C语言程序(可根据自己意愿设定指定点)
/**********************电子系统设计C51编程************************ * 平台:BST-V51 + Keil U4 + STC89S52 * 名称:本程序驱动12864显示一幅图片(包含英文字符、汉字、图形) * 日期:很久很久以前 * 晶振:11.0592MHZ * 说明:电子小玩 * 编写:Sure ******************************************************************/ #include <reg51.h> #include <intrins.h> #define uchar unsigned char #define uint unsigned int /*12864端口定义*/ #define LCD_data P0 //数据口 sbit LCD_RS = P1^0; //寄存器选择输入 sbit LCD_RW = P1^1; //液晶读/写控制 sbit LCD_EN = P2^5; //液晶使能控制 sbit LCD_PSB = P1^2; //串/并方式控制 unsigned char code zhu[]= //图片代码
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#define delayNOP(); {_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();}; void delay0(uchar x); //x*0.14MS void dataconv(); void lcd_pos(uchar X,uchar Y); //确定显示位置 void delay(int ms) { while(ms--) { uchar i; for(i=0;i<250;i++) { _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_(); } } } /*******************************************************************/ /* */ /*检查LCD忙状态 */ /*lcd_busy为1时,忙,等待。lcd-busy为0时,闲,可写指令与数据。 */ /* */ /*******************************************************************/ bit lcd_busy() { bit result; LCD_RS = 0; LCD_RW = 1; LCD_EN = 1; delayNOP(); result = (bit)(P0&0x80); LCD_EN = 0; return(result); } /*******************************************************************/ /*写指令数据到LCD */ /*RS=L,RW=L,E=高脉冲,D0-D7=指令码。 */ /*******************************************************************/ void lcd_wcmd(uchar cmd) { while(lcd_busy()); LCD_RS = 0; LCD_RW = 0; LCD_EN = 0; _nop_(); _nop_(); P0 = cmd; delayNOP(); LCD_EN = 1; delayNOP(); LCD_EN = 0; } /*******************************************************************/ /* */ /*写显示数据到LCD */ /*RS=H,RW=L,E=高脉冲,D0-D7=数据。 */ /* */ /*******************************************************************/ void lcd_wdat(uchar dat) { while(lcd_busy()); LCD_RS = 1; LCD_RW = 0; LCD_EN = 0; P0 = dat; delayNOP(); LCD_EN = 1; delayNOP(); LCD_EN = 0; } /*******************************************************************/ /* */ /* LCD初始化设定 */ /* */ /*******************************************************************/ void lcd_init() { LCD_PSB = 1; //并口方式 lcd_wcmd(0x34); //扩充指令操作 delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0x30); //基本指令操作 delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0x0C); //显示开,关光标 delay(5); lcd_wcmd(0x01); //清除LCD的显示内容 delay(5); } /******************************************* 函数名称:Draw_PM 功 能:在整个液晶屏幕上画图 参 数:无 返回值 :无 ********************************************/ void Draw_PM(const uchar *ptr) { uchar i,j,k; lcd_wcmd(0x34); //打开扩展指令集 i = 0x80; for(j = 0;j < 32;j++) { lcd_wcmd(i++); lcd_wcmd(0x80); for(k = 0;k < 16;k++) { lcd_wdat(*ptr++);} } i = 0x80; for(j = 0;j < 32;j++) { lcd_wcmd(i++); lcd_wcmd(0x88); for(k = 0;k < 16;k++) { lcd_wdat(*ptr++); } } lcd_wcmd(0x36); //打开绘图显示 lcd_wcmd(0x30); //回到基本指令集 } main() { lcd_init(); //初始化LCD Draw_PM(zhu); //显示设定的图片 while(1); }
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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u013346007/article/details/51479405