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Service service = new StandardService();
service.setName("Stand-alone Service");
Server server = new StandardServer();
server.addService(service);package org.apache.catalina;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources;
public interface Server {
public String getInfo();
public NamingResources getGlobalNamingResources();
public void setGlobalNamingResources (NamingResources globalNamingResources);
public int getPort();
public void setPort(int port);
public String getShutdown();
public void setShutdown(String shutdown);
public void addService(Service service);
public void await();
public Service findService(String name);
public Service[] findServices();
public void removeService(Service service);
public void initialize() throws LifecycleException;
}A1）shutdown属性：保存了必须发送给Server 实例用来关闭整个系统的关闭命令；A2）port属性：定义了服务器组件会从哪个端口获取关闭命令；A3）addService() 和 removeService()方法：为服务器组件添加或移除服务组件；A4）findService()方法：返回添加到该服务器组件中的所有服务组件；A5）initialize()方法：包含在系统启动前要执行的一些代码；
public void initialize() throws LifecycleException { //org.apache.catalina.StandardServer.initialize().
if (initialized)
throw new LifecycleException (
sm.getString("standardServer.initialize.initialized"));
initialized = true;
// Initialize our defined Services
for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
services[i].initialize();
}
} public void start() throws LifecycleException { //org.apache.catalina.StandardServer.start().
// Validate and update our current component state
if (started)
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("standardServer.start.started"));
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(BEFORE_START_EVENT, null);
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(START_EVENT, null);
started = true;
// Start our defined Services
synchronized (services) {
for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
if (services[i] instanceof Lifecycle)
((Lifecycle) services[i]).start();
}
}
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(AFTER_START_EVENT, null);
}public void stop() throws LifecycleException { //org.apache.catalina.StandardServer.stop().
// Validate and update our current component state
if (!started)
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("standardServer.stop.notStarted"));
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(BEFORE_STOP_EVENT, null);
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(STOP_EVENT, null);
started = false;
// Stop our defined Services
for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
if (services[i] instanceof Lifecycle)
((Lifecycle) services[i]).stop();
}
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(AFTER_STOP_EVENT, null);
}public void await() { //org.apache.catalina.StandardServer.await().
// Set up a server socket to wait on
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
try {
serverSocket =
new ServerSocket(port, 1,
InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("StandardServer.await: create[" + port
+ "]: " + e);
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
// Loop waiting for a connection and a valid command
while (true) {
// Wait for the next connection
Socket socket = null;
InputStream stream = null;
try {
socket = serverSocket.accept(); //highlight line.
socket.setSoTimeout(10 * 1000); // Ten seconds
stream = socket.getInputStream();
} catch (AccessControlException ace) {
System.err.println("StandardServer.accept security exception: "
+ ace.getMessage());
continue;
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("StandardServer.await: accept: " + e);
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
// Read a set of characters from the socket
StringBuffer command = new StringBuffer();
int expected = 1024; // Cut off to avoid DoS attack
while (expected < shutdown.length()) {
if (random == null)
random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
expected += (random.nextInt() % 1024);
}
while (expected > 0) {
int ch = -1;
try {
ch = stream.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("StandardServer.await: read: " + e);
e.printStackTrace();
ch = -1;
}
if (ch < 32) // Control character or EOF terminates loop
break;
command.append((char) ch);
expected--;
}
// Close the socket now that we are done with it
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
;
}
// Match against our command string
boolean match = command.toString().equals(shutdown); //highlight line.
if (match) {
break;
} else
System.err.println("StandardServer.await: Invalid command '" +
command.toString() + "' received");
}
// Close the server socket and return
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
;
}
}step1）创建一个ServerSocket对象，监听8085端口，并在while循环中调用它的accept()方法；step2）当在指定端口上接收到消息时，accept()方法才会返回；step3）将接收到的消息与关闭命令的字符串相比较，相同的话就跳出while循环，关闭 ServerSocket，否则会再次循环，继续等待消息；
package org.apache.catalina;
public interface Service {
public Container getContainer();
public void setContainer(Container container);
public String getInfo();
public String getName();
public void setName(String name);
public Server getServer();
public void setServer(Server server);
public void addConnector(Connector connector);
public Connector[] findConnectors();
public void removeConnector(Connector connector);
public void initialize() throws LifecycleException;
}1）StandardService.initialize()方法：用于初始化添加到其中的所有连接器；2）StandardService.start()方法：启动连接器和所有servlet容器；
private Connector connectors[] = new Connector[0]; // defined in StandardService.
public void setContainer(Container container) { // org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.setContainer().
Container oldContainer = this.container;
if ((oldContainer != null) && (oldContainer instanceof Engine))
((Engine) oldContainer).setService(null);
this.container = container;
if ((this.container != null) && (this.container instanceof Engine))
((Engine) this.container).setService(this);
if (started && (this.container != null) &&
(this.container instanceof Lifecycle)) {
try {
((Lifecycle) this.container).start();
} catch (LifecycleException e) {
;
}
}
synchronized (connectors) {
for (int i = 0; i < connectors.length; i++)
connectors[i].setContainer(this.container);
}
if (started && (oldContainer != null) &&
(oldContainer instanceof Lifecycle)) {
try {
((Lifecycle) oldContainer).stop();
} catch (LifecycleException e) {
;
}
}
// Report this property change to interested listeners
support.firePropertyChange("container", oldContainer, this.container);
}public void addConnector(Connector connector) { //org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.addConnector().
synchronized (connectors) {
connector.setContainer(this.container);
connector.setService(this);
Connector results[] = new Connector[connectors.length + 1];
System.arraycopy(connectors, 0, results, 0, connectors.length);
results[connectors.length] = connector;
connectors = results;
if (initialized) {
try {
connector.initialize(); //highlight line.
} catch (LifecycleException e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
}
}
if (started && (connector instanceof Lifecycle)) {
try {
((Lifecycle) connector).start();//highlight line.
} catch (LifecycleException e) {
;
}
}
// Report this property change to interested listeners
support.firePropertyChange("connector", null, connector);
}
}
public void removeConnector(Connector connector) { //org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.removeConnector().
synchronized (connectors) {
int j = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < connectors.length; i++) {
if (connector == connectors[i]) {
j = i;
break;
}
}
if (j < 0)
return;
if (started && (connectors[j] instanceof Lifecycle)) {
try {
((Lifecycle) connectors[j]).stop();
} catch (LifecycleException e) {
;
}
}
connectors[j].setContainer(null);
connector.setService(null);
int k = 0;
Connector results[] = new Connector[connectors.length - 1];
for (int i = 0; i < connectors.length; i++) {
if (i != j)
results[k++] = connectors[i];
}
connectors = results;
// Report this property change to interested listeners
support.firePropertyChange("connector", connector, null);
}
}public void initialize() throws LifecycleException { //org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initialize().
if (initialized)
throw new LifecycleException (
sm.getString("standardService.initialize.initialized"));
initialized = true;
// Initialize our defined Connectors
synchronized (connectors) {
for (int i = 0; i < connectors.length; i++) {
connectors[i].initialize(); //highlight line.
}
}
}
public void initialize() throws LifecycleException { //org.apache.catalina.connector.HttpConnector.initialize().
if (initialized)
throw new LifecycleException (
sm.getString("httpConnector.alreadyInitialized"));
this.initialized=true;
Exception eRethrow = null;
// Establish a server socket on the specified port
try {
serverSocket = open();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
log("httpConnector, io problem: ", ioe);
eRethrow = ioe;
} catch (KeyStoreException kse) {
log("httpConnector, keystore problem: ", kse);
eRethrow = kse;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
log("httpConnector, keystore algorithm problem: ", nsae);
eRethrow = nsae;
} catch (CertificateException ce) {
log("httpConnector, certificate problem: ", ce);
eRethrow = ce;
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException uke) {
log("httpConnector, unrecoverable key: ", uke);
eRethrow = uke;
} catch (KeyManagementException kme) {
log("httpConnector, key management problem: ", kme);
eRethrow = kme;
}
if ( eRethrow != null )
throw new LifecycleException(threadName + ".open", eRethrow);
} public void start() throws LifecycleException { // org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start()
// Validate and update our current component state
if (started) {
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("standardService.start.started"));
}
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(BEFORE_START_EVENT, null);
System.out.println
(sm.getString("standardService.start.name", this.name));
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(START_EVENT, null);
started = true;
// Start our defined Container first
if (container != null) {
synchronized (container) {
if (container instanceof Lifecycle) {
((Lifecycle) container).start(); //highlight line.
}
}
}
// Start our defined Connectors second
synchronized (connectors) {
for (int i = 0; i < connectors.length; i++) {
if (connectors[i] instanceof Lifecycle)
((Lifecycle) connectors[i]).start(); //highlight line.
}
}
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(AFTER_START_EVENT, null);
}public void stop() throws LifecycleException { // org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.stop()
// Validate and update our current component state
if (!started) {
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("standardService.stop.notStarted"));
}
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(BEFORE_STOP_EVENT, null);
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(STOP_EVENT, null);
System.out.println
(sm.getString("standardService.stop.name", this.name));
started = false;
// Stop our defined Connectors first
synchronized (connectors) {
for (int i = 0; i < connectors.length; i++) {
if (connectors[i] instanceof Lifecycle)
((Lifecycle) connectors[i]).stop();//highlight line.
}
}
// Stop our defined Container second
if (container != null) {
synchronized (container) {
if (container instanceof Lifecycle) {
((Lifecycle) container).stop(); //highlight line.
}
}
}
// Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(AFTER_STOP_EVENT, null);
}public final class Bootstrap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("catalina.base", System.getProperty("user.dir"));
Connector connector = new HttpConnector();
Wrapper wrapper1 = new StandardWrapper();
wrapper1.setName("Primitive");
wrapper1.setServletClass("PrimitiveServlet");
Wrapper wrapper2 = new StandardWrapper();
wrapper2.setName("Modern");
wrapper2.setServletClass("ModernServlet");
Context context = new StandardContext();
// StandardContext's start method adds a default mapper
context.setPath("/app1");
context.setDocBase("app1");
context.addChild(wrapper1);
context.addChild(wrapper2);
LifecycleListener listener = new SimpleContextConfig();
((Lifecycle) context).addLifecycleListener(listener);
Host host = new StandardHost();
host.addChild(context);
host.setName("localhost");
host.setAppBase("webapps");
Loader loader = new WebappLoader();
context.setLoader(loader);
// context.addServletMapping(pattern, name);
context.addServletMapping("/Primitive", "Primitive");
context.addServletMapping("/Modern", "Modern");
Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
engine.addChild(host);
engine.setDefaultHost("localhost");
Service service = new StandardService();
service.setName("Stand-alone Service");
Server server = new StandardServer();
server.addService(service);
service.addConnector(connector);
//StandardService class's setContainer will call all its connector's setContainer method
service.setContainer(engine);
// Start the new server
if (server instanceof Lifecycle) {
try {
server.initialize();
((Lifecycle) server).start();
server.await();
// the program waits until the await method returns,
// i.e. until a shutdown command is received.
}
catch (LifecycleException e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
// Shut down the server
if (server instanceof Lifecycle) {
try {
((Lifecycle) server).stop();
}
catch (LifecycleException e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
}
}step1）该方法会创建一个连接器，两个Wrapper实例，一个Context容器，一个Host容器和一个Engine容器；step2）将两个Wrapper 实例添加到 Context容器中， 将Context容器添加到 Host容器中，再将Host容器添加到Engine容器中；（干货——到此，tomcat的4种容器创建完毕）step3）但是，这并没有将连接器和最顶层的容器Engine相关联；step4）相反，main()方法创建了一个Service对象，设置其名称，再创建一个 Server对象，将Service实例添加到 Server实例中：Service service = new StandardService(); service.setName("Stand-alone Service"); Server server = new StandardServer(); server.addService(service);step5）main()方法将连接器和Engine容器添加到 Service实例中；service.addConnector(connector); service.setContainer(engine);step6）main()方法调用 Server.intialize() 和 Server.start()方法，初始化连接器，并启动连接器和servlet容器；step7）接下来，main()方法调用Server.await()方法，进入循环等待，监听8085端口等待关闭命令；（干货——参见上述【2.4】await()方法）
Attention）此时连接器已经处于运行状态，等待另一个端口8080上的 http 请求；（监听8085和8080端口分别处于不同的线程）
// Start the new server if (server instanceof Lifecycle) { try { server.initialize(); // step6 ((Lifecycle) server).start(); // step6 server.await(); // step7 // the program waits until the await method returns, // i.e. until a shutdown command is received. } catch (LifecycleException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } }step8）除非收到了正确的关闭命令，否则await()方法是不会返回的。当 await()方法返回时，main()方法调用 Server.stop（）方法，实际上关闭其所有组件；// Shut down the server if (server instanceof Lifecycle) { try { ((Lifecycle) server).stop(); } catch (LifecycleException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } }
public class Stopper {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// the following code is taken from the Stop method of
// the org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina class
int port = 8005;
try {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", port);
OutputStream stream = socket.getOutputStream();
String shutdown = "SHUTDOWN";
for (int i = 0; i < shutdown.length(); i++)
stream.write(shutdown.charAt(i));
stream.flush();
stream.close();
socket.close();
System.out.println("The server was successfully shut down.");
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Error. The server has not been started.");
}
}
}对以上代码的分析（Analysis）： Stopper类的main()方法会创建一个 Socket对象，然后将正确 的关闭命令 “SHOTDOWN”字符串发送到 端口8085。Catalina 服务器在接收到关闭命令后，就会执行相应的关闭操作；
E:\bench-cluster\cloud-data-preprocess\HowTomcatWorks\src>java -cp .;lib/servlet.jar;lib/catalina_4_1_24.jar;lib/catalina-5.5.4.jar;lib/naming-common.
jar;lib/commons-collections.jar;lib/naming-resources.jar;lib/commons-digester.jar;lib/catalina.jar;E:\bench-cluster\cloud-data-preprocess\HowTomcatWok
s\weroot com.tomcat.chapter14.startup.Bootstrap
HttpConnector Opening server socket on all host IP addresses
Starting service Stand-alone Service
Apache Tomcat/4.1.24
WebappLoader[/app1]: Deploying class repositories to work directory E:\bench-cluster\cloud-data-preprocess\HowTomcatWorks\src\work\_\localhost\app1
WebappLoader[/app1]: Deploy class files /WEB-INF/classes to E:\bench-cluster\cloud-data-preprocess\HowTomcatWorks\src\webapps\app1\WEB-INF\classes
StandardManager[/app1]: Seeding random number generator class java.security.SecureRandom
StandardManager[/app1]: Seeding of random number generator has been completed
StandardManager[/app1]: IOException while loading persisted sessions: java.io.EOFException
java.io.EOFException
at java.io.ObjectInputStream$PeekInputStream.readFully(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream$BlockDataInputStream.readShort(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readStreamHeader(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.util.CustomObjectInputStream.<init>(CustomObjectInputStream.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.load(StandardManager.java:408)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.start(StandardManager.java:655)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:3570)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1188)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:738)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1188)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:347)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:497)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:2190)
at com.tomcat.chapter14.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:77)
StandardManager[/app1]: Exception loading sessions from persistent storage
java.io.EOFException
at java.io.ObjectInputStream$PeekInputStream.readFully(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream$BlockDataInputStream.readShort(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readStreamHeader(Unknown Source)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.util.CustomObjectInputStream.<init>(CustomObjectInputStream.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.load(StandardManager.java:408)
at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.start(StandardManager.java:655)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:3570)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1188)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:738)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1188)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:347)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:497)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:2190)
at com.tomcat.chapter14.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:77)
HttpConnector[8080] Starting background thread
ModernServlet -- init
StandardHost[localhost]: MAPPING configuration error for request URI /favicon.ico
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原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/pacosonswjtu/article/details/51474873
