最近整理了下nginx 关于安全性的一些方法,
隐藏nginx的版本号很简单,nginx的HttpCoreModule提供了一条叫做server_tokens指令,我这要将这条指令设置为“server_tokens off”就可以了。
Nginx 使用 ngx_headers_more 模块来增加、删除出站、入站的 Header 信息。
ngx_headers_more 项目主页
默认该模块没有加入到 Nginx 的源码中,要想使用相关功能需要在编译 Nginx 时加入该模块。
本人服务器中的 Nginx 在编译时没有加入该模块,使用 -V 查看当前 Nginx 的编译参数:
[root@z-dig ~]# nginx -V nginx version: www.z-dig.com built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module [root@z-dig ~]#
从官网下载模块:
[root@z-dig ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@z-dig src]# wget 、https://codeload.github.com/openresty/headers-more-nginx-module/zip/master -O ./headers-more-nginx-module-master.zip [root@z-dig src]# unzip headers-more-nginx-module-master.zip
重新编译 Nginx 前,请求 www.z-dig.com 的 Header 信息:
[root@KVM ~]# curl -I www.z-dig.com HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: www.z-dig.com Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2016 11:25:15 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.17 Vary: Accept-Encoding, Cookie Cache-Control: max-age=3, must-revalidate WP-Super-Cache: Served supercache file from PHP [root@KVM ~]#
现在重新编译 Nginx ,平滑更新:
[root@z-dig ~]# cd /usr/local/src/nginx [root@z-dig nginx]# make clean rm -rf Makefile objs [root@z-dig nginx]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --add-module=/usr/local/src/headers-more-nginx-module-master [root@z-dig nginx]# make [root@z-dig nginx]# make install [root@z-dig nginx]# kill -s USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid` [root@z-dig nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx root 2017 1 0 Apr21 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx www 2018 2017 0 Apr21 ? 00:00:30 nginx: worker process root 21717 2017 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx www 21718 21717 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 21856 18312 0 19:45 pts/2 00:00:00 grep nginx [root@z-dig nginx]# kill -s WINCH `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin` [root@z-dig nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx root 2017 1 0 Apr21 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx root 21717 2017 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx www 21718 21717 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 21943 18312 0 19:49 pts/2 00:00:00 grep nginx [root@z-dig nginx]# kill -s QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin` [root@z-dig nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx root 21717 1 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx www 21718 21717 0 19:41 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 22050 18312 0 19:54 pts/2 00:00:00 grep nginx [root@z-dig nginx]#
到此 Nginx 已重新编译并平滑升级成功。
在 Nginx 的配置文件中加入代码,将之前请求网站返回 Header 中的 X-Powered-By 和 WP-Super-Cache 删除:
more_clear_headers ‘X-Powered-By‘; more_clear_headers ‘WP-Super-Cache‘;
Nginx 设置Header
more_set_headers "test($hostname)"; more_set_headers "test:Mr.liang";
[root@z-dig ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@z-dig ~]# nginx -s reload
再次请求查看效果:
[root@KVM ~]# curl -I www.z-dig.com HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: www.z-dig.com Date: Sat, 23 Apr 2016 12:03:04 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive Vary: Accept-Encoding, Cookie Cache-Control: max-age=3, must-revalidate
[root@KVM ~]#
在nginx 编译前修改源码包里的文件 修改src/core/nginx.h(Nginx内部名称的) #define NGINX_VERSION "1.8.0" #define NGINX_VER "NGINX/" NGINX_VERSION
NGINX_VERSION是版本号,NGINX_VER是名称
修改src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c(HTTP ResponseHeader)
static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: nginx" CRLF;
原文地址:http://liuyusheng.blog.51cto.com/10570745/1782048