把触发器说透

CREATE TABLE emp_his AS SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE 1=2; 
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_del_emp 
   BEFORE DELETE --指定触发时机为删除操作前触发
   ON scott.emp 
   FOR EACH ROW   --说明创建的是行级触发器 
BEGIN
   --将修改前数据插入到日志记录表 del_emp ,以供监督使用。
   INSERT INTO emp_his(deptno , empno, ename , job ,mgr , sal , comm , hiredate )
       VALUES( :old.deptno, :old.empno, :old.ename , :old.job,:old.mgr, :old.sal, :old.comm, :old.hiredate );
END;
DELETE emp WHERE empno=7788;
DROP TABLE emp_his;
DROP TRIGGER del_emp;

 

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_dept_time
BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE 
ON departments
BEGIN
 IF (TO_CHAR(sysdate,‘DAY‘) IN (‘星期六‘, ‘星期日‘)) OR (TO_CHAR(sysdate, ‘HH24:MI‘) NOT BETWEEN ‘08:30‘ AND ‘18:00‘) THEN
     RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, ‘不是上班时间，不能修改departments表‘);
 END IF;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_emp_sal_comm
BEFORE UPDATE OF salary, commission_pct
       OR DELETE
ON HR.employees
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (old.department_id = 80)
BEGIN
 CASE
     WHEN UPDATING (‘salary‘) THEN
        IF :NEW.salary < :old.salary THEN

           RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, ‘部门80的人员的工资不能降‘);
        END IF;
     WHEN UPDATING (‘commission_pct‘) THEN

        IF :NEW.commission_pct < :old.commission_pct THEN
           RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, ‘部门80的人员的奖金不能降‘);
        END IF;
     WHEN DELETING THEN
          RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20003, ‘不能删除部门80的人员记录‘);
     END CASE;
END; 

/*
实例：
UPDATE employees SET salary = 8000 WHERE employee_id = 177;
DELETE FROM employees WHERE employee_id in (177,170);
*/

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_reg_cou
AFTER update OF region_id
ON regions
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘旧的region_id值是‘||:old.region_id
                  ||‘、新的region_id值是‘||:new.region_id);
 UPDATE countries SET region_id = :new.region_id
 WHERE region_id = :old.region_id;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_job_history
 ( p_emp_id          job_history.employee_id%type
   , p_start_date      job_history.start_date%type
  , p_end_date        job_history.end_date%type
   , p_job_id          job_history.job_id%type
   , p_department_id   job_history.department_id%type
   )
IS
BEGIN
 INSERT INTO job_history (employee_id, start_date, end_date,
                           job_id, department_id)
  VALUES(p_emp_id, p_start_date, p_end_date, p_job_id, p_department_id);
END add_job_history;

--创建触发器调用存储过程...
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER update_job_history
 AFTER UPDATE OF job_id, department_id ON employees
 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
 add_job_history(:old.employee_id, :old.hire_date, sysdate,
                  :old.job_id, :old.department_id);
END;

CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER trigger_name
INSTEAD OF
{INSERT | DELETE | UPDATE [OF column [, column …]]}
[OR {INSERT | DELETE | UPDATE [OF column [, column …]]}...]
ON [schema.] view_name --只能定义在视图上
[REFERENCING {OLD [AS] old | NEW [AS] new| PARENT as parent}]
[FOR EACH ROW ] --因为INSTEAD OF触发器只能在行级上触发,所以没有必要指定
[WHEN condition]
PL/SQL_block | CALL procedure_name;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_view AS 
SELECT deptno, count(*) total_employeer, sum(sal) total_salary 
FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;

SQL>DELETE FROM emp_view WHERE deptno=10;
DELETE FROM emp_view WHERE deptno=10

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_view_delete
   INSTEAD OF DELETE ON emp_view FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
   DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno= :old.deptno;
END emp_view_delete; 

DELETE FROM emp_view WHERE deptno=10; 

DROP TRIGGER emp_view_delete;

DROP VIEW emp_view; 

CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW "HR"."V_REG_COU" ("R_ID", "R_NAME", "C_ID", "C_NAME")
AS
 SELECT r.region_id,
    r.region_name,
    c.country_id,
    c.country_name
 FROM regions r,
    countries c
 WHERE r.region_id = c.region_id;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER "HR"."TR_I_O_REG_COU" INSTEAD OF
 INSERT ON v_reg_cou FOR EACH ROW DECLARE v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
 SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM regions WHERE region_id = :new.r_id;
 IF v_count = 0 THEN
    INSERT INTO regions
      (region_id, region_name
      ) VALUES
      (:new.r_id, :new.r_name
      );
 END IF;

 SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM countries WHERE country_id = :new.c_id;
 IF v_count = 0 THEN
    INSERT
    INTO countries
      (
        country_id,
        country_name,
        region_id
      )
      VALUES
      (
        :new.c_id,
        :new.c_name,
        :new.r_id
      );
 END IF;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER [sachema.]trigger_name
{BEFORE|AFTER} 
{ddl_event_list | database_event_list}
ON { DATABASE | [schema.]SCHEMA }
[WHEN condition]
PL/SQL_block | CALL procedure_name;

DESC ora_sysevent
DESC ora_login_user

--创建用于记录事件用的表

CREATE TABLE ddl_event
(crt_date timestamp PRIMARY KEY,
 event_name VARCHAR2(20), 
 user_name VARCHAR2(10),
 obj_type VARCHAR2(20),
 obj_name VARCHAR2(20));

--创建触犯发器
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_ddl
AFTER DDL ON SCHEMA
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO ddl_event VALUES
   (systimestamp,ora_sysevent, ora_login_user, 
    ora_dict_obj_type, ora_dict_obj_name);
END tr_ddl;

CREATE TABLE log_event
(user_name VARCHAR2(10),
 address VARCHAR2(20), 
 logon_date timestamp,
 logoff_date timestamp); 

--创建登录触发器
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_logon
AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO log_event (user_name, address, logon_date)
   VALUES (ora_login_user, ora_client_ip_address, systimestamp);
END tr_logon;
--创建退出触发器
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_logoff
BEFORE LOGOFF ON DATABASE
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO log_event (user_name, address, logoff_date)
   VALUES (ora_login_user, ora_client_ip_address, systimestamp);
END tr_logoff;

ALTER TRIGGER [schema.] trigger_name COMPILE [ DEBUG]

ALTER TABLE [schema.]table_name {ENABLE|DISABLE} ALL TRIGGERS;

--例：使表EMP 上的所有TRIGGER 失效：
ALTER TABLE emp DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS; 

SELECT TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_TYPE, TRIGGERING_EVENT,
 TABLE_OWNER, BASE_OBJECT_TYPE, REFERENCING_NAMES,
 STATUS, ACTION_TYPE
 FROM user_triggers;

CREATE TABLE dept_summary(
 Deptno NUMBER(2),
 Sal_sum NUMBER(9, 2),
 Emp_count NUMBER); 

INSERT INTO dept_summary(deptno, sal_sum, emp_count)
 SELECT deptno, SUM(sal), COUNT(*) 
FROM emp 
GROUP BY deptno;

--创建一个PL/SQL过程disp_dept_summary
--在触发器中调用该过程显示dept_summary标中的数据。
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE disp_dept_summary
IS
 Rec dept_summary%ROWTYPE;
 CURSOR c1 IS SELECT * FROM dept_summary;
BEGIN
 OPEN c1;
 FETCH c1 INTO REC;
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘deptno    sal_sum    emp_count‘);
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘-------------------------------------‘);
 WHILE c1%FOUND LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(RPAD(rec.deptno, 6)||
      To_char(rec.sal_sum, ‘$999,999.99‘)||
      LPAD(rec.emp_count, 13));
    FETCH c1 INTO rec;
 END LOOP;
 CLOSE c1;
END;
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘插入前‘);
 Disp_dept_summary();
 DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘
    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig1
      AFTER INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE OF sal ON emp
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig1 触发器…‘‘);
      DELETE FROM dept_summary;
      INSERT INTO dept_summary(deptno, sal_sum, emp_count)
      SELECT deptno, SUM(sal), COUNT(*) 
      FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
    END;
 ‘);


 INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc) 
 VALUES(90, ‘demo_dept’, ‘none_loc’);
 INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
 VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);

 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘插入后‘);
 Disp_dept_summary();

 UPDATE emp SET sal=1000 WHERE empno=9999;
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘修改后‘);
 Disp_dept_summary();

 DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
 DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;

 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘删除后‘);
 Disp_dept_summary(); 
 DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig1’);
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||‘---‘||SQLERRM);

END;

BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘插入前‘);
  Disp_dept_summary();
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    ‘CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_update
      AFTER UPDATE OF sal ON emp
      REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp NEW AS new_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
      WHEN (old_emp.sal != new_emp.sal)
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig2_update 触发器…‘‘);
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘sal 旧值：‘‘|| :old_emp.sal);
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘sal 新值：‘‘|| :new_emp.sal);
      UPDATE dept_summary
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum + :new_emp.sal - :old_emp.sal
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
    END;‘
  );
  
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    ‘CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_insert
      AFTER INSERT ON emp
      REFERENCING NEW AS new_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
    DECLARE
      I NUMBER;
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig2_insert 触发器…‘‘);
      SELECT COUNT(*) INTO I 
      FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
      IF I > 0 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary 
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum+:new_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count+1
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
        INSERT INTO dept_summary
        VALUES (:new_emp.deptno, :new_emp.sal, 1);
      END IF;
    END;‘
  );

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    ‘CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_delete
      AFTER DELETE ON emp
      REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
    DECLARE
      I NUMBER;
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig2_delete 触发器…‘‘);
      SELECT emp_count INTO I 
      FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      IF I >1 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary 
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum - :old_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count - 1
        WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
        DELETE FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      END IF;
    END;‘
  );

  INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc) 
    VALUES(90, ‘demo_dept‘, ‘none_loc‘);
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9998, 2000);
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘插入后‘);
  Disp_dept_summary();

  UPDATE emp SET sal = sal*1.1 WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘修改后‘);
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno=90;
  DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘删除后‘);
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig2_update‘);
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig2_insert‘);
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig2_delete‘);
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||‘---‘||SQLERRM);
END;

BEGIN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘插入前‘);
    Disp_dept_summary();
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
        ‘CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2
            AFTER INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE OF sal
ON emp
            REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp NEW AS new_emp
            FOR EACH ROW
        DECLARE
            I NUMBER;
        BEGIN
            IF UPDATING AND :old_emp.sal != :new_emp.sal THEN
            DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig2 触发器…‘‘);
                DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘sal 旧值：‘‘|| :old_emp.sal);
                DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘sal 新值：‘‘|| :new_emp.sal);
                UPDATE dept_summary
                    SET sal_sum=sal_sum + :new_emp.sal - :old_emp.sal
                WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
            ELSIF INSERTING THEN
                DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig2触发器…‘‘);
                SELECT COUNT(*) INTO I 
        FROM dept_summary 
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
                IF I > 0 THEN
                    UPDATE dept_summary 
          SET sal_sum=sal_sum+:new_emp.sal,
              Emp_count=emp_count+1
          WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
            ELSE
          INSERT INTO dept_summary
            VALUES (:new_emp.deptno, :new_emp.sal, 1);
        END IF;
      ELSE
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig2触发器…‘‘);
        SELECT emp_count INTO I 
        FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      IF I > 1 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary 
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum - :old_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count - 1
        WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
          DELETE FROM dept_summary 
          WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      END IF;
    END IF;
    END;‘
  );

  INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc) 
    VALUES(90, ‘demo_dept‘, ‘none_loc‘);
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9998, 2000);
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘插入后‘);
  Disp_dept_summary();

  UPDATE emp SET sal = sal*1.1 WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘修改后‘);
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno=90;
  DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘删除后‘);
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig2‘);
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||‘---‘||SQLERRM);
END;

DECLARE
    No NUMBER;
    Name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘
        CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myview AS
            SELECT empno, ename, ‘‘E‘‘ type FROM emp
            UNION
            SELECT dept.deptno, dname, ‘‘D‘‘ FROM dept
    ‘);
    -- 创建INSTEAD OF 触发器trigger3;
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘
        CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig3
            INSTEAD OF INSERT ON myview
            REFERENCING NEW n
            FOR EACH ROW
        DECLARE
            Rows INTEGER;
        BEGIN
            DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘正在执行trig3触发器…‘‘);
            IF :n.type = ‘‘D‘‘ THEN
                SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rows
                    FROM dept WHERE deptno = :n.empno;
                IF rows = 0 THEN
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘向dept表中插入数据…‘‘);
                    INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc)
                        VALUES (:n.empno, :n.ename, ‘‘none’’);
                ELSE
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘编号为‘‘|| :n.empno||
                     ‘‘的部门已存在，插入操作失败！‘‘);
                 END IF;
            ELSE
                SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rows
                    FROM emp WHERE empno = :n.empno;
                IF rows = 0 THEN
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘’向emp表中插入数据…’’);
                    INSERT INTO emp(empno, ename)
                        VALUES(:n.empno, :n.ename);
                ELSE
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘‘编号为‘‘|| :n.empno||
                      ‘‘的人员已存在，插入操作失败!‘‘);
                END IF;
            END IF;
        END;
    ‘);

    INSERT INTO myview VALUES (70, ‘demo‘, ‘D‘);
    INSERT INTO myview VALUES (9999, USER, ‘E‘);
    SELECT deptno, dname INTO no, name FROM dept WHERE deptno=70;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘员工编号：‘||TO_CHAR(no)||‘姓名：‘||name);
    SELECT empno, ename INTO no, name FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘部门编号：‘||TO_CHAR(no)||‘姓名：‘||name);
  DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
  DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=70;
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig3‘);
END;

BEGIN
    -- 创建用于记录事件日志的数据表
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘
        CREATE TABLE eventlog(
            Eventname VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
            Eventdate date default sysdate,
            Inst_num NUMBER NULL,
            Db_name VARCHAR2(50) NULL,
            Srv_error NUMBER NULL,
            Username VARCHAR2(30) NULL,
            Obj_type VARCHAR2(20) NULL,
            Obj_name VARCHAR2(30) NULL,
            Obj_owner VARCHAR2(30) NULL
        )
    ‘);

    -- 创建DDL触发器trig4_ddl
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘
        CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig4_ddl
            AFTER CREATE OR ALTER OR DROP 
ON DATABASE
        DECLARE
            Event VARCHAR2(20);
            Typ VARCHAR2(20);
            Name VARCHAR2(30);
            Owner VARCHAR2(30);
        BEGIN
            -- 读取DDL事件属性
            Event := SYSEVENT;
            Typ := DICTIONARY_OBJ_TYPE;
            Name := DICTIONARY_OBJ_NAME;
            Owner := DICTIONARY_OBJ_OWNER;
            --将事件属性插入到事件日志表中
            INSERT INTO scott.eventlog(eventname, obj_type, obj_name, obj_owner)
                VALUES(event, typ, name, owner);
        END;
    ‘);

    -- 创建LOGON、STARTUP和SERVERERROR 事件触发器
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘
        CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig4_after
            AFTER LOGON OR STARTUP OR SERVERERROR 
      ON DATABASE
        DECLARE
            Event VARCHAR2(20);
            Instance NUMBER;
            Err_num NUMBER;
            Dbname VARCHAR2(50);
            User VARCHAR2(30);
        BEGIN
            Event := SYSEVENT;
            IF event = ‘‘LOGON‘‘ THEN
                User := LOGIN_USER;
                INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, username)
                    VALUES(event, user);
            ELSIF event = ‘‘SERVERERROR‘‘ THEN
                Err_num := SERVER_ERROR(1);
                INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, srv_error)
                    VALUES(event, err_num);
            ELSE
                Instance := INSTANCE_NUM;
                Dbname := DATABASE_NAME;
                INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, inst_num, db_name)
                    VALUES(event, instance, dbname);
      END IF;
    END;
  ‘);

  -- 创建LOGOFF和SHUTDOWN 事件触发器
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘
    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig4_before
      BEFORE LOGOFF OR SHUTDOWN 
      ON DATABASE
    DECLARE
      Event VARCHAR2(20);
      Instance NUMBER;
      Dbname VARCHAR2(50);
      User VARCHAR2(30);
    BEGIN
      Event := SYSEVENT;
      IF event = ‘‘LOGOFF‘‘ THEN
        User := LOGIN_USER;
        INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, username)
          VALUES(event, user);
      ELSE
        Instance := INSTANCE_NUM;
        Dbname := DATABASE_NAME;
        INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, inst_num, db_name)
          VALUES(event, instance, dbname);
      END IF;
    END;
  ‘);
END;

CREATE TABLE mydata(mydate NUMBER);
CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER

COL eventname FORMAT A10
COL eventdate FORMAT A12
COL username FORMAT A10
COL obj_type FORMAT A15
COL obj_name FORMAT A15
COL obj_owner FORMAT A10
SELECT eventname, eventdate, obj_type, obj_name, obj_owner, username, Srv_error
  FROM eventlog;

DROP TRIGGER trig4_ddl;
DROP TRIGGER trig4_before;
DROP TRIGGER trig4_after;
DROP TABLE eventlog;
DROP TABLE mydata;

CREATE TABLE audit_table(
    Audit_id     NUMBER,
    User_name VARCHAR2(20),
    Now_time DATE,
    Terminal_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Table_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Action_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Emp_id NUMBER(4));

CREATE TABLE audit_table_val(
    Audit_id NUMBER,
    Column_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Old_val NUMBER(7,2),
    New_val NUMBER(7,2));

CREATE SEQUENCE audit_seq
    START WITH 1000
    INCREMENT BY 1
    NOMAXVALUE
    NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER audit_emp
    AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON emp
    FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
    Time_now DATE;
    Terminal CHAR(10);
BEGIN 
    Time_now:=sysdate;
    Terminal:=USERENV(‘TERMINAL‘);
    IF INSERTING THEN
        INSERT INTO audit_table
    VALUES(audit_seq.NEXTVAL, user, time_now, 
           terminal, ‘EMP‘, ‘INSERT‘, :new.empno);
    ELSIF DELETING THEN
        INSERT INTO audit_table
    VALUES(audit_seq.NEXTVAL, user, time_now, 
           terminal, ‘EMP‘, ‘DELETE‘, :old.empno);
    ELSE
        INSERT INTO audit_table
    VALUES(audit_seq.NEXTVAL, user, time_now, 
           terminal, ‘EMP‘, ‘UPDATE‘, :old.empno);
        IF UPDATING(‘SAL‘) THEN
            INSERT INTO audit_table_val
                VALUES(audit_seq.CURRVAL, ‘SAL‘, :old.sal, :new.sal);
        ELSE UPDATING(‘DEPTNO‘) 
            INSERT INTO audit_table_val
                VALUES(audit_seq.CURRVAL, ‘DEPTNO‘, :old.deptno, :new.deptno);
        END IF;
    END IF;
END;

CREATE SEQUENCE update_sequence 
    INCREMENT BY 1
    START WITH 1000
    MAXVALUE 5000 CYCLE;

ALTER TABLE emp
    ADD update_id NUMBER;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE integritypackage AS
    Updateseq NUMBER;
END integritypackage;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY integritypackage AS
END integritypackage;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_cascade1
    BEFORE UPDATE OF deptno ON dept
DECLARE 
    Dummy NUMBER;
BEGIN 
    SELECT update_sequence.NEXTVAL INTO dummy FROM dual;
    Integritypackage.updateseq:=dummy;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_cascade2
    AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE OF deptno ON dept
    FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    IF UPDATING THEN
        UPDATE emp SET deptno=:new.deptno, 
     update_id=integritypackage.updateseq
        WHERE emp.deptno=:old.deptno AND update_id IS NULL;
    END IF;
    IF DELETING THEN
        DELETE FROM emp
            WHERE emp.deptno=:old.deptno;
    END IF;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_cascade3
    AFTER UPDATE OF deptno ON dept 
BEGIN
    UPDATE emp SET update_id=NULL
        WHERE update_id=integritypackage.updateseq;
END;

SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY DEPTNO;
UPDATE dept SET deptno=25 WHERE deptno=20;

CREATE TABLE company_holidays(day DATE);

INSERT INTO company_holidays 
    VALUES(sysdate);
INSERT INTO company_holidays 
VALUES(TO_DATE(‘21-10月-01‘, ‘DD-MON-YY‘));

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_permit_change
    BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE ON emp
DECLARE
    Dummy NUMBER;
    Not_on_weekends EXCEPTION;
    Not_on_holidays EXCEPTION;
    Not_working_hours EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
    /* check for weekends */
IF TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ‘DAY‘) IN (‘星期六‘, ‘星期日‘) THEN
    RAISE not_on_weekends;
END IF;
    /* check for company holidays */
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO dummy FROM company_holidays
    WHERE TRUNC(day)=TRUNC(SYSDATE);
IF dummy >0 THEN
    RAISE not_on_holidays;
END IF;
    /* check for work hours(8:00 AM to 18:00 PM */
IF (TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,‘HH24‘)<8 OR TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ‘HH24‘)>18) THEN
  RAISE not_working_hours;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN not_on_weekends THEN
    RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20324, 
‘May not change employee table during the weekends‘); 
  WHEN not_on_holidays THEN
    RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20325, 
‘May not change employee table during a holiday‘); 
  WHEN not_working_hours THEN
    RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20326, 
‘May not change employee table during no_working hours‘); 
END;