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应用系统 | 域名/虚拟目录 | 应用服务器及URL |
---|---|---|
svn | dev.mycompany.com/svn | http://50.1.1.21/svn |
svn web管理 | dev.mycompany.com/submin | http://50.1.1.21/submin |
网站 | www.mycompany.com | http://50.1.1.10; http://50.1.1.11; http://50.1.1.12 |
OA | oa.mycompany.com | http://50.1.1.13:8080; http://50.1.1.14:8080 |
用途 | IP |
---|---|
MASTER | 50.1.1.3 |
BACKUP | 50.1.1.4 |
操作系统: RHEL5.6x64,配置了yum 私服
两台接入服务器公用一个虚拟IP(VIP):50.1.1.2
两台接入服务器分别安装NginX和keepalived:
yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz cd nginx-1.2.4 ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module make && make install
tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.7 ./configure make make install cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/ cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ mkdir /etc/keepalived cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >> /etc/rc.local
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local
两台接入服务器的NginX的配置完全一样,主要是配置/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf的http。其中多域名指向是通过虚拟主机(配置http下面的server)实现;同一域名的不同虚拟目录通过每个server下面的不同location实现;到后端的服务器在http下面配置upstream,然后在server或location中通过proxypass引用。要实现前面规划的接入方式,http的配置如下:
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; upstream dev.hysec.com { server 50.1.1.21:80; } upstream www.hysec.com { ip_hash; server 50.1.1.10:80; server 50.1.1.11:80; server 50.1.1.12:80; } upstream oa.hysec.com { ip_hash; server 50.1.1.13:8080; server 50.1.1.14:8080; server { listen 80; server_name dev.hysec.com; location /svn { proxy_pass http://dev.hysec.com; } location /submin { proxy_pass http://dev.hysec.com; } } server { listen 80; server_name www.hysec.com; location / { proxy_pass http://www.hysec.com; } server { listen 80; server_name oa.hysec.com; location / { proxy_pass http://oa.hysec.com; } }
验证方法:
按照上面的安装方法,keepalived的配置文件在/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。主、从服务器的配置相关联但有所不同。如下:
Master:
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { wanghaikuo@hysec.com wanghaikuo@gmail.com } notification_email_from wanghaikuo@hysec.com smtp_server smtp.hysec.com smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id nginx_master } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 50.1.1.2 } }
Backup:
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { wanghaikuo@hysec.com wanghaikuo@gmail.com } notification_email_from wanghaikuo@hysec.com smtp_server smtp.hysec.com smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id nginx_backup } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 50.1.1.2 } }
验证:
经过前面的配置,如果主服务器的keepalived停止服务,从服务器会自动接管VIP对外服务;一旦主服务器的keepalived恢复,会重新接管VIP。 但这并不是我们需要的,我们需要的是当NginX停止服务的时候能够自动切换。
keepalived支持配置监控脚本,我们可以通过脚本监控NginX的状态,如果状态不正常则进行一系列的操作,最终仍不能恢复NginX则杀掉keepalived,使得从服务器能够接管服务。
最简单的做法是监控NginX进程,更靠谱的做法是检查NginX端口,最靠谱的做法是检查多个url能否获取到页面。
如果发现NginX不正常,重启之。等待3秒再次校验,仍然失败则不再尝试。
根据上述策略很容易写出监控脚本。这里使用nmap检查nginx端口来判断nginx的状态,记得要首先安装nmap。监控脚本如下:
#!/bin/sh # check nginx server status NGINX=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx PORT=80 nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open" #echo $? if [ $? -ne 0 ];then $NGINX -s stop $NGINX sleep 3 nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open" [ $? -ne 0 ] && /etc/init.d/keepalived stop fi
不要忘了设置脚本的执行权限,否则不起作用。
假设上述脚本放在/opt/chk_nginx.sh,则keepalived.conf中增加如下配置:
vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/opt/chk_nginx.sh" interval 2 weight 2 } track_script { chk_http_port }
更进一步,为了避免启动keepalived之前没有启动nginx , 可以在/etc/init.d/keepalived的start中首先启动nginx:
start() { /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx sleep 3 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon keepalived ${KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS} RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog }
对于简单重复性劳动,人总是容易犯错,这种事情最好交给机器去做。 比如,在这个案例中,作为统一接入服务器,可能经常要修改nginx的配置、nginx下面的html文件等。而且,一定要保证集群中的每台服务器的配置相同。 最好的做法是由配置管理服务器来管理,如果没有,也可以使用简单的linux文件同步来解决。
在nginx/conf下生成秘钥:
#生成RSA密钥 openssl dsaparam -rand -genkey -out myRSA.key 1024 #生成CA密钥:(要输入一个自己记得的密码) openssl gendsa -des3 -out cert.key myRSA.key #用这个CA密钥来创建证书,需要上一步创建的密码 openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key cert.key -out cert.pem #把证书设置为root专用 chmod 700 cert.*
#生成免密码文件
openssl rsa -in cert.key -out cert.key.unsecure
如果要启用SSL,在nginx中进行如下配置:
# 这里是SSL的相关配置 server { listen 443; server_name www.example.com; # 你自己的域名 root /home/www; ssl on; ssl_certificate cert.perm; #使用.unsecure文件可以在nginx启动时不输入密码 ssl_certificate_key cert.key.unsecure; location / { #... } }
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5575623.html