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策略模式定义了算法族,分别封装起来,让它们之间可以互相替换,此模式让算法的变化独立于使用算法的客户。
设计原则:1、找出应用中可能需要变化之处,把他们独立出来,不要和那些不需要变化的代码混在一起。(把变化的飞行行为、呱呱叫行为从不变的鸭子类中取出来)
2、针对接口编程,而不是针对实现编程。(FlyBehavior、QuackBehavior)
3、多用组合,少用继承。(有一个比是一个更好)
Talk is cheap,
Duck类:
public abstract class Duck { /* * 行为接口 * */ FlyBehavior flyBehavior; QuackBehavior quackBehavior; public Duck(){ } public abstract void dispaly(); /* * 设定鸭子的行为 * */ public void setFlyBehavior(FlyBehavior fb){ flyBehavior = fb; } public void setQuackBehavior(QuackBehavior qb){ quackBehavior = qb; } /* * 委托给行为类 * */ public void performFly(){ flyBehavior.fly(); } public void performQuack(){ quackBehavior.quack(); } public void swim(){ System.out.println("All dusks float,even decoys"); } }
Fly接口、Quack接口:
/* * 飞行接口 * */ public interface FlyBehavior { public void fly(); } public interface QuackBehavior { public void quack(); }
实现:
/* * 不会飞的鸭子的行为 * */ public class FlyNoWay implements FlyBehavior{ @Override public void fly() { System.out.println("i cant fly!!"); } } public class FlyRocketPowered implements FlyBehavior{ @Override public void fly() { System.out.println("i‘m flying with a rocket!"); } } /* *真会飞的鸭子的行为 * */ public class FlyWithWings implements FlyBehavior{ @Override public void fly() { System.out.println("i‘m flying !!"); } }
public class MuteQuack implements QuackBehavior{ @Override public void quack() { System.out.println("<Since>"); } } public class Quack implements QuackBehavior{ @Override public void quack() { System.out.println("Quack"); } } public class Squeak implements QuackBehavior{ @Override public void quack() { System.out.println("Sqeak"); } }
子类:
public class MallardDuck extends Duck{ public MallardDuck(){ quackBehavior = new Quack(); flyBehavior = new FlyWithWings(); } @Override public void dispaly() { System.out.println("i‘m a real Mallard duck!"); } } public class ModelDuck extends Duck{ public ModelDuck(){ flyBehavior = new FlyNoWay(); quackBehavior = new MuteQuack(); } @Override public void dispaly() { System.out.println("i‘m a model duck!"); } }
测试:
public class MiniDuckSimulator { public static void main(String[] args){ Duck mallard = new MallardDuck(); mallard.performFly();//调用MallardDuck继承的performFly()方法,进而委托给该对象的FlyBehaviour处理 mallard.performQuack(); Duck model1 = new ModelDuck(); model1.performFly(); model1.setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered());//动态的改变飞行行为 model1.performFly(); } }
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/tshua/p/5575786.html