前提条件
以下两种推送的文件是SSH的公钥，推送方式依赖于SSH，基于SSH的相关方面操作和机器相关配置请参考我的上一篇博文“ssh服务批量管理例子”
1、expect交互式方式
1、1上传文件及文件内容
#以10机器为例。
#执行rz –y分别上传“dis-sshkey”、“expect-copy-sshkey.exp”和“iplist”，三者文件内容如下：
[oldgirl@backup ~]$ ls -l dis-sshkey expect-copy-sshkey.exp iplist
-rw-r--r-- 1 oldgirl oldgirl 287 Jun 8 22:55 dis-sshkey
-rw-r--r-- 1 oldgirl oldgirl 579 Jun 8 22:55 expect-copy-sshkey.exp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oldgirl oldgirl 23 Jun 8 22:55 iplist
#dis-sshkey的内容如下：
[oldgirl@backup ~]$ cat dis-sshkey
#!/bin/sh . /etc/init.d/functions [ ! -f iplist ] && echo "hostlists.txt isnot exist." && exit 1 for host in `cat iplist` do expectexpect-copy-sshkey.exp $host &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0];then action "$ipdis data" /bin/true else action"$ip dis data" /bin/false fi done
#expect-copy-sshkey.exp的内容如下：
[oldgirl@backup ~]$ cat expect-copy-sshkey.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
if { $argc != 1 } {
send_user"usage: expect expect-copy-sshkey.exp host \n"
exit
}
#define var
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set password "123456"
spawn ssh-copy-id -i /home/oldgirl/.ssh/id_dsa.pub"oldgirl@$host"
#spawn ssh -p 50718 disdata@$host /sbin/ifconfig
set timeout 60
expect {
-timeout 20
"yes/no" {send"yes\r";exp_continue}
"*password" {send "$password\r"}
timeout {puts "expectconnect timeout,pls contact oldboy."; return}
}
expect eof
exit -onexit {
send_user"Oldboy say good bye to you!\n"
}#iplist的内容如下：
[oldgirl@backup ~]$ cat iplist
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.9
1、2安装expect
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qa expect
[root@backup ~]# yum install expect -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process Determining fastest mirrors * base:centos.ustc.edu.cn * extras:centos.ustc.edu.cn * updates:centos.ustc.edu.cn base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 729 kB 00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package expect.x86_64 0:5.44.1.15-5.el6_4 will beinstalled --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================================================== Installing: expect x86_64 5.44.1.15-5.el6_4 base 256 k Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================================================== Install 1Package(s) Total download size: 256 k Installed size: 553 k Downloading Packages: expect-5.44.1.15-5.el6_4.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing :expect-5.44.1.15-5.el6_4.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : expect-5.44.1.15-5.el6_4.x86_64 1/1 Installed: expect.x86_640:5.44.1.15-5.el6_4 Complete!
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qa expect
expect-5.44.1.15-5.el6_4.x86_64
[root@backup ~]# which expect
/usr/bin/expect
1、3同步公钥操作
#先把7和9机器中已存在的公钥文件删除，不然再同步公钥的时候会失败。
[oldgirl@lnmp01 ~]$ rm -rf ~/.ssh/
[oldgirl@nfs-server ~]$ rm -rf ~/.ssh/
#在10机器执行
[oldgirl@backup ~]$ /bin/sh ~/dis-sshkey
dis data [ OK ]
dis data [ OK ]
#在7和9机器查看结果
[oldgirl@lnmp01 ~]$ ls -l ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 oldgirl oldgirl 604 Jun 8 23:26 /home/oldgirl/.ssh/authorized_keys
[oldgirl@nfs-server ~]$ ls -l ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 oldgirl oldgirl 604 Jun 8 23:26 /home/oldgirl/.ssh/authorized_keys
2、sshpass非交互式
2、1安装sshpass
[root@backup oldgirl]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@backup yum.repos.d]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Aug 4 2015CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 647 Aug 4 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 289 Aug 4 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Aug 4 2015 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6259 Aug 4 2015CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@backup yum.repos.d]# wgethttp://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/Strahlex/CentOS_CentOS-6/home:Strahlex.repo
#上述命令是在一行的。
[root@backup yum.repos.d]# yum install sshpass
2、2操作
[oldboy@backup ~]$ sshpass -p 123456 ssh 172.16.1.31
#第一次操作可能没反应，可用下述参数解决
[root@backup ~]# sshpass -p 123456 ssh -p 22 172.16.1.31 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
Warning: Permanently added ‘172.16.1.31‘ (RSA) to thelist of known hosts.
Last login: Fri Jun 10 15:32:52 2016 from 10.0.0.1
[root@nfs01 ~]# logout
或
[root@backup ~]# sshpass -p 123456 ssh 172.16.1.31 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
Last login: Fri Jun 10 15:57:47 2016 from 172.16.1.41
[root@nfs01 ~]# logout
2、2、1#直接带密码连接服务器
[root@backup ~]# sshpass -p 123456 ssh 172.16.1.31
Last login: Fri Jun 10 15:57:35 2016 from 172.16.1.41
[root@nfs01 ~]# logout
2、2、2#以文件形式保存密码连接服务器
[root@backup ~]# echo "123456">ssh.passwd
[root@backup ~]# sshpass -f ssh.passwd ssh 172.16.1.31
Last login: Fri Jun 10 16:00:06 2016 from 172.16.1.41
[root@nfs01 ~]# logout
Connection to 172.16.1.31 closed.
2、2、3#将密码写入变量
[root@backup ~]# export SSHPASS="123456"
[root@backup ~]# sshpass -e ssh 172.16.1.31
Last login: Fri Jun 10 16:05:14 2016 from 172.16.1.41
[root@nfs01 ~]# logout
Connection to 172.16.1.31 closed.
2、2、4#同理远程拉取、推送文件、执行命令等操作scp,rsync均可。
[root@backup ~]# sshpass -f ssh.passwd scp /etc/hosts172.16.1.31:/root/
[root@nfs01 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@nfs01 ~]# ls -l hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 158 Jun 10 16:13 hosts
[root@backup ~]# sshpass -f ssh.passwd ssh 172.16.1.31 ls /root/
anaconda-ks.cfg
hosts
install.log
install.log.syslog
3、总结
sshpass的优点：简单易用，速度会比expect快很多。
sshpass的缺点：-p参数密码是明文显示，可以通过history查看。-f参数则需要对面文件进行权限限制，保证他人无法查看。-e参数别人也可以查到IP。
推送文件(expect交互式方式与sshpass非交互式方式)
原文地址：http://ylcodes01.blog.51cto.com/5607366/1789306
