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基于Redux的ReactNative项目开发总结(一)

时间:2016-06-21 07:37:33      阅读:254      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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写在前面

上周把基于Redux的单页应用开发完 紧接着就开始了ReactNative的开发。真的快得不可思议,只花了一周时间,我们两个人就分工把APP也开发完了,并且同时兼容IOS操作系统和Android操作系统。内部测试了一轮,流畅性和用户体验方面也都相当给力! 接下去几篇依次介绍项目开发中领悟的技巧和遇到的坑。

项目架构

React开发的单页应用不同,ReactNative开发不需要依赖webpackfacebook已经提供的一套基于NodeJS的转换和运行工具,这里不多做介绍。项目的架构如下:

|---- project 
    |---- android                          // android外壳 
    |---- ios                              // ios外壳
    |---- node_modules                     // 项目依赖的node模块
    |---- app                              // 本项目的js代码
        |---- actions                      // Redux的actions
        |---- assets                       // 项目使用的icon
        |---- components                   // 项目自定义的组件
        |---- containers                   // 项目的容器页面
        |---- mixins                       // 全局使用的工具方法
        |---- modules                      // 全局使用的自定义模块  
        |---- reducers                     // Redux的reducers
        |---- configureStore.js            // Redux的store配置
        |---- index.js                     // APP入口页面
    |---- index.ios.js                     // android入口
    |---- index.android.js                 // ios入口
    |---- packge.json                      // 项目包信息

Redux不清楚的童鞋可以出门看我之前的《基于Redux的单页应用开发总结》 。其实除了路由,其他和单页应用的结构差别不大。

依赖的Node模块

ReactNative开发离不开NodeJS的支持,相比单页应用,这里依赖的模块比较少,除了Redux相关的模块,其他都是项目中用到的三方组件。

"dependencies": {
    "@remobile/react-native-toast": "^1.0.4",          // 用于错误提示的小弹窗
    "base-64": "^0.1.0",                              
    "react": "^0.14.8",
    "react-native": "^0.25.1",
    "react-native-animatable": "^0.6.0",               // 动画库
    "react-native-communications": "^2.0.0",           // 调用手机通讯功能
    "react-native-image-picker": "^0.18.17",           // 图片选择
    "react-native-modalbox": "^1.3.3",                 // 模态框
    "react-native-tab-navigator": "^0.2.18",           // 导航栏
    "react-native-viewpager": "^0.2.1",                // 图片轮播切换
    "react-redux": "^4.4.5",
    "redux": "^3.5.2",
    "redux-thunk": "^2.0.1"
  }

错误提示

App里错误提示和网站稍有不同,网站页面宽度大,错误提示信息一般出现在输入框的后面或者悬浮在右上角。但是在App里,需要考虑用户不同的屏幕尺寸,错误信息应该放在一个相对独立且不影响其他元素显示的位置,目前主流的展现形式是这样的:
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即悬浮放置在页面的中底部,并且定时自动关闭。这个玩意自己写一个也不难,不过为了省事和好的兼容性,就直接使用三方的@remobile/react-native-toast了。使用方法如下:

import Toast from ‘@remobile/react-native-toast‘;

// ...

Toast.showShortBottom(‘用户名或密码不正确‘); 

对外的API有以下几个,顾名思义:

Toast.showShortTop = function (message) {
  showToast(message, "short", "top");
};

Toast.showShortCenter = function (message) {
  showToast(message, "short", "center");
};

Toast.showShortBottom = function (message) {
  showToast(message, "short", "bottom");
};

Toast.showLongTop = function (message) {
  showToast(message, "long", "top");
};

Toast.showLongCenter = function (message) {
  showToast(message, "long", "center");
};

Toast.showLongBottom = function (message) {
  showToast(message, "long", "bottom");
};

Toast.show = function (message) {
  showToast(message, "short", "bottom");
};

Toast.hide = function () {
  RCTToast.hide();
};

安装和使用方法请查看 官方文档

动画库

之前花时间研究过CSS3的动画库,其实目前主流的动画类型和动画创意就那么些,感兴趣的可以 clone一下 myAnimate 这个项目。一句话,CSS3里使用的动画方案,ReactNative里也应有尽有。我这边使用的是 react-native-animatable 组件。使用方式如下:

import * as Animatable from ‘react-native-animatable‘;

class ExampleView extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => this.setState({fontSize: (this.state.fontSize || 10) + 5 })}>
          <Animatable.Text transition="fontSize" style={{fontSize: this.state.fontSize || 10}}>Size me up, Scotty</Animatable.Text>
      </TouchableOpacity>
    );
  }
}

下面是官方的Demo

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调用手机通讯功能

HybridApp里实现这个功能还是挺麻烦的,需要客户端封装好接口给H5调用,但是在ReactNative里,一个组件就能搞定—— react-native-communications,安装请查看官方文档

这个组件安装很简单,支持的功能有:拨号、发短信、发Email、打开网页 等 ,下面是官方一个综合的例子:

import React, { Component }  from ‘react‘;

import {
  AppRegistry,
  StyleSheet,
  Text,
  View,
  TouchableOpacity
} from ‘react-native‘;

import Communications from ‘react-native-communications‘;

class RNCommunications extends Component({

  render() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.phonecall(‘0123456789‘, true)}>
          <View style={styles.holder}>
            <Text style={styles.text}>Make phonecall</Text>
          </View>
        </TouchableOpacity>
        <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.email([‘emailAddress1‘, ‘emailAddress2‘],null,null,‘My Subject‘,‘My body text‘)}>
          <View style={styles.holder}>
            <Text style={styles.text}>Send an email</Text>
          </View>
        </TouchableOpacity>
        <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.text(‘0123456789‘)}>
          <View style={styles.holder}>
            <Text style={styles.text}>Send a text/iMessage</Text>
          </View>
        </TouchableOpacity>
        <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => Communications.web(‘https://github.com/facebook/react-native‘)}>
          <View style={styles.holder}>
            <Text style={styles.text}>Open react-native repo on Github</Text>
          </View>
        </TouchableOpacity>
      </View>
    );
  }
});

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    alignItems: ‘center‘,
    backgroundColor: ‘rgb(253,253,253)‘,
  },
  holder: {
    flex: 0.25,
    justifyContent: ‘center‘,
  },
  text: {
    fontSize: 32,
  },
});

AppRegistry.registerComponent(‘RNCommunications‘, () => RNCommunications);

访问手机相册

调取手机相册和上传图片是个老生常谈的问题,ReactNative里可以通过react-native-image-picker 来处理,安装请查看官方文档

拎一段代码片段:

import ImagePicker from ‘react-native-image-picker‘ 

const options = {
    title: ‘选择上传图片‘, // specify null or empty string to remove the title
    cancelButtonTitle: ‘取消‘,
    takePhotoButtonTitle: ‘拍照...‘, // specify null or empty string to remove this button
    chooseFromLibraryButtonTitle: ‘从库中选择...‘, // specify null or empty string to remove this button
    //customButtons: {
    //    ‘Choose Photo from Facebook‘: ‘fb‘, // [Button Text] : [String returned upon selection]
    //},
    cameraType: ‘back‘, // ‘front‘ or ‘back‘
    mediaType: ‘photo‘,
    //videoQuality: ‘high‘, // ‘low‘, ‘medium‘, or ‘high‘
    maxWidth: 200, // photos only
    maxHeight: 200, // photos only
    allowsEditing: true,
    noData: false,
}

//... 

onUpload() {
        ImagePicker.showImagePicker(options, (response) => {
            if (response.didCancel) {
                //console.log(‘User cancelled image picker‘);
            }
            else if (response.error) {
                //console.log(‘ImagePicker Error: ‘, response.error);
            } else {
                let source = {uri: response.uri.replace(‘file://‘, ‘‘), isLocal: true, isStatic: true};
                this.setState({ form: {...this.state.form, avatar: source} })
            }
        })
    }

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模态框

模态框在App里使用的也比较多,比如确认模态、加载模态、输入模态等,出于良好的用户体验和兼容性考虑,我这里底层采用react-native-modalbox,然后根据不同功能进行二次加工。

ConfirmModal

很常见,不多做介绍,copy下面代码 直接可以使用

import React, { Component } from ‘react‘;
import {
    Dimensions,
    StyleSheet,
    Text,
    TouchableOpacity,
    View,
} from ‘react-native‘;
import ModalBox from ‘react-native-modalbox‘;
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    modal: {
        borderRadius: 10,
    },
    modalContent: {
        flex: 1,
        paddingLeft: 10,
        paddingRight: 10,
    },
    h2: {
        marginTop: 15,
        fontSize: 20,
        color: ‘#555‘,
        textAlign: ‘center‘,
    },
    modalOption: {
        flexDirection: ‘row‘,
        borderTopWidth: 1,
        borderTopColor: ‘#ddd‘,
    },
    modalCancel: {
        flex: 1,
        padding: 15,
    },
    modalCancelText: {
        fontSize: 16,
        textAlign: ‘center‘,
    },
    modalConfirm: {
        flex: 1,
        padding: 15,
        borderLeftWidth: 1,
        borderLeftColor: ‘#ddd‘,
    },
    modalConfirmText: {
        fontSize: 16,
        textAlign: ‘center‘,
    },
    message: {
        flex: 1,
        justifyContent: ‘center‘,
        alignItems: ‘center‘,
    },
    messageText: {
        color: ‘#555‘,
        fontSize: 16,
    },
});
export default class ConfirmModal extends Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
    }
    open() {
        this.refs.modal.open()
    }
    close() {
        this.refs.modal.close()
    }
    render() {
        let { width } = Dimensions.get(‘window‘);
        return (
            <ModalBox
                ref={"modal"}
                style={[styles.modal, {width: this.props.width || (width-60), height: this.props.height || 200}]}
                backdropOpacity={0.3}
                position={"center"}
                isOpen={false}>
                <View style={styles.modalContent}>
                    <Text style={styles.h2}>{ this.props.title || ‘提示‘ }</Text>
                    <View style={styles.message}><Text style={styles.messageText}>{ this.props.message }</Text></View>
                </View>
                <View style={styles.modalOption}>
                    <TouchableOpacity style={styles.modalCancel} onPress={()=> this.refs.modal.close() }>
                        <Text style={styles.modalCancelText}>取消</Text>
                    </TouchableOpacity>
                    <TouchableOpacity style={styles.modalConfirm} onPress={()=> this.props.onConfirm() }>
                        <Text style={styles.modalConfirmText}>确定</Text>
                    </TouchableOpacity>
                </View>
            </ModalBox>
        )
    }
}

LoadingModal

这个也很常见,copy下面代码 直接可以使用

import React, { Component } from ‘react‘;
import {
    StyleSheet,
} from ‘react-native‘;
import ModalBox from ‘react-native-modalbox‘;
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    modal: {
        justifyContent: ‘center‘,
        alignItems: ‘center‘,
        backgroundColor: ‘transparent‘
    },
});

export default class LoadingModal extends Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
    }
    open() {
        this.refs.modal.open()
    }
    close() {
        this.refs.modal.close()
    }
    render() {
        return (
            <ModalBox
                style={styles.modal}
                ref="modal"
                position={"center"}
                backdrop={false}
                isOpen={this.props.isOpen || false}
                //backdropOpacity={.3}
                backdropPressToClose={false}
                animationDuration={10}
                >
            </ModalBox>
        );
    }
}

PickerModal

这个特别讲解一下,PickerModal用于页面上的Picker的处理,显示效果如下:

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import React, { Component } from ‘react‘;
import {
    Dimensions,
    StyleSheet,
    Text,
    TouchableOpacity,
    Picker,
    View,
} from ‘react-native‘;
import ModalBox from ‘react-native-modalbox‘
import dismissKeyboard from ‘../mixins/dismiss-keyboard‘
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    popup: {
    },
    popupContent: {
        flex: 1,
        paddingLeft: 10,
        paddingRight: 10,
    },
    h2: {
        marginTop: 15,
        fontSize: 20,
        color: ‘#555‘,
        textAlign: ‘center‘,
    },
    popupOption: {
        flexDirection: ‘row‘,
        borderTopWidth: 1,
        borderTopColor: ‘#ddd‘,
    },
    popupCancel: {
        flex: 1,
        padding: 15,
    },
    popupCancelText: {
        fontSize: 16,
        textAlign: ‘center‘,
    },
    popupConfirm: {
        flex: 1,
        padding: 15,
        borderLeftWidth: 1,
        borderLeftColor: ‘#ddd‘,
    },
    popupConfirmText: {
        fontSize: 16,
        textAlign: ‘center‘,
    },
    message: {
        flex: 1,
        justifyContent: ‘center‘,
        alignItems: ‘center‘,
    },
    messageText: {
        color: ‘#555‘,
        fontSize: 16,
    },
});

export default class PickerModal extends Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
    }
    open() {
        dismissKeyboard()
        this.refs.modal.open()
    }
    close() {
        this.refs.modal.close()
    }
    _renderPickerItems(data) {
        data.map((item)=>{
            return [
                <Picker.Item label={item[0]} value={item[1]} />
            ]
        })
    }
    render() {
        let { width } = Dimensions.get(‘window‘);
        return (
            <ModalBox
                ref={"modal"}
                style={[styles.popup, {width: this.props.width || (width), height: this.props.height || 200}]}
                backdropOpacity={0.3}
                position={"bottom"}
                swipeToClose={false}
                isOpen={false}>
                <View style={styles.popupContent}>
                    <Picker {...this.props}>
                        {this.props.dataSource.map((item,i)=> {
                            if (item.length) return <Picker.Item key={i} label={item[0]} value={item[1]} />
                        })}
                    </Picker>
                </View>
            </ModalBox>
        )
    }
}

补充说明一下dismissKeyboard()这个方法,该方法用于关闭页面的keyboard(键盘),ReactNative 默认没有这种方法,需要自己编写:

import { TextInput } from ‘react-native‘;
const { State: TextInputState } = TextInput;
export default function dismissKeyboard() {
    TextInputState.blurTextInput(TextInputState.currentlyFocusedField());
}

导航条

这个组件其实ReactNative提供了原生版本的,但是样式和功能上不好控制,建议自己手写一个,代码如下:

import React, { Component } from "react";
import {
    Image,
    Platform,
    StyleSheet,
    Text,
    TouchableOpacity,
    View,
} from ‘react-native‘;

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    leftButton: {
        marginLeft: 5,
    },
    rightButton: {
        marginRight: 5,
    },
    button: {
        width: 44,
        height: 44,
        justifyContent: ‘center‘,
        alignItems: ‘center‘,
    },
    nav: {
        backgroundColor: ‘#f9f9f9‘,
        flexDirection: ‘row‘,
        alignItems: ‘center‘,
    },
    title: {
        flex: 1,
        height: 44,
        justifyContent: ‘center‘,
    },
    btnText: {
        fontSize: 16,
        color: ‘#777‘,
    },
    marginForIOS: {
        marginTop: 20,
    },
    titleText: {
        fontSize: 20,
        textAlign: ‘center‘,
        color: ‘#555‘
    }
});

export class RightButton extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <TouchableOpacity
                style={styles.button}
                onPress={this.props.onPress}>
                { this.props.text ? <Text style={styles.btnText}>{this.props.text}</Text> : null }
                { this.props.icon ? <Image source={this.props.icon} style={styles.rightButton} /> : null }
            </TouchableOpacity>
        );
    }
}

export class NavigatorBar extends Component {
    _leftButton() {
        if (this.props.navigator.getCurrentRoutes().length > 1) return (
            <TouchableOpacity
                style={styles.button}
                onPress={()=> this.props.navigator.pop() }>
                <Image source={require(‘../assets/icon-nav-left.png‘)} style={styles.leftButton} />
            </TouchableOpacity>
        )
    }

    _rightButton() {
        if (this.props.rightButton) return (
            <RightButton {...this.props.rightButton} />
        )
    }

    render() {
        return (
            <View style={styles.nav}>
                <View style={[styles.button, Platform.OS==‘ios‘ ? styles.marginForIOS : null]}>
                    {this._leftButton()}
                </View>
                <View style={[styles.title, Platform.OS==‘ios‘ ? styles.marginForIOS : null]}>
                    <Text style={styles.titleText}>{ this.props.name }</Text>
                </View>
                <View style={[styles.button, Platform.OS==‘ios‘ ? styles.marginForIOS : null]}>
                    {this._rightButton()}
                </View>
            </View>
        );
    }
}

然后在container里就可以使用了:

import { NavigatorBar } from ‘../components/navigator‘ 

// 没有右侧按钮 
<NavigatorBar name="登录" navigator={this.props.navigator} /> 

// 右侧按钮为图标  
<NavigatorBar name="我的" navigator={this.props.navigator} rightButton={{onPress: ()=>{this.props.navigator.push({component: Setting})}, icon: require(‘../../assets/icon-set.png‘)}} />

// 右侧按钮为文字 
<NavigatorBar name="我的订单" navigator={this.props.navigator} rightButton={{text: ‘历史 ‘, onPress: ()=> this.props.navigator.push({component: OrderHitory}) }} /> 

图片轮播

建议使用三方的react-native-viewpager组件,安装请查看 官方文档

下面是一个demo:

var ViewPager = require(‘react-native-viewpager‘);
<ViewPager
    dataSource={this.state.dataSource}
    renderPage={this._renderPage}
    animation = {(animatedValue, toValue, gestureState) => {
    // Use the horizontal velocity of the swipe gesture
    // to affect the length of the transition so the faster you swipe
    // the faster the pages will transition
    var velocity = Math.abs(gestureState.vx);
    var baseDuration = 300;
    var duration = (velocity > 1) ? 1/velocity * baseDuration : baseDuration;

    return Animated.timing(animatedValue,
    {
      toValue: toValue,
      duration: duration,
      easing: Easing.out(Easing.exp)
    });
  }}
/>

基于Redux的ReactNative项目开发总结(一)

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原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u011413061/article/details/51694158

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