一、前提条件
#下面通过虚拟机准备了一台服务端，一台客户端，基于外网IP测试，以安装nginx为例。
#两台机器公共配置
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@m01 ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@m01 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
#服务端配置
[root@m01 ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+"‘NR==2{print $4}‘
10.0.0.61
[root@m01 ~]# hostname
m01
#客户端配置
[root@web01 ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F ‘[ :]+‘ ‘NR==2{print$4}‘
10.0.0.8
[root@web01 ~]# hostname
web01
#RPM介绍
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-rpm/
下面是服务端的配置，只要没有标明都是服务端操作
#fpm是ruby写的，因此系统环境需要ruby，且ruby版本号大于1.8.5
[root@m01 ~]# rpm -qa ruby rubygems ruby-devel
#安装ruby模块
[root@m01 ~]# yum -y install ruby rubygems ruby-devel
[root@m01 ~]# rpm -qa ruby rubygems ruby-devel
rubygems-1.3.7-5.el6.noarch
ruby-1.8.7.374-4.el6_6.x86_64
ruby-devel-1.8.7.374-4.el6_6.x86_64
#添加阿里云的rubygems仓库，外国的源太慢
[root@m01 ~]# gem sources -ahttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems/ added to sources
#移除原生的Ruby仓库
[root@m01 ~]# gem sources --remove http://rubygems.org/
http://rubygems.org/ removed from sources
#安装fpm
#指定安装fpm1.3.3版本的软件，fpm这个工具升级很频繁，而且在每次升级后会出现各种各样的问题。但是老版本的fpm工具能够满足我们的需求，因此就用这个版本了。
#这里一定要指定fpm的版本，不然会报错，报错原因可追溯到版本频繁升级的问题导致。
[root@m01 ~]# gem install fpm -v 1.3.3
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed json-1.8.3
Successfully installed cabin-0.8.1
Successfully installed backports-3.6.8
Successfully installed arr-pm-0.0.10
Successfully installed clamp-0.6.5
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.10
Successfully installed childprocess-0.5.9
Successfully installed fpm-1.3.3
8 gems installed
Installing ri documentation for json-1.8.3...
Installing ri documentation for cabin-0.8.1...
Installing ri documentation for backports-3.6.8...
Installing ri documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10...
Installing ri documentation for clamp-0.6.5...
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.5.9...
Installing ri documentation for fpm-1.3.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for json-1.8.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for cabin-0.8.1...
Installing RDoc documentation for backports-3.6.8...
Installing RDoc documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10...
Installing RDoc documentation for clamp-0.6.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing RDoc documentation for childprocess-0.5.9...
Installing RDoc documentation for fpm-1.3.3...
# rdoc和ri为ruby程序生成文档
[root@m01 ~]# fpm --help|wc -l
175
#最好做下快照，方便还原和测试
#准备好nginx安装包，统一放在/application/tools/目录下。
[root@m01 /]# mkdir -p /application/tools/
[root@m01 /]# cd /application/tools/
[root@m01 tools]# pwd
/application/tools
#上传或下载nginx安装包
#上传使用rz -y命令即可。
#下面使用下载方式获取nginx安装包
[root@m01 tools]# wget -qhttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@m01 tools]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr 8 2015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
#开启yum缓存， /etc/yum.conf的解释在4、2
[root@m01 tools]# cp /etc/yum.conf/etc/yum.conf.ori.20160630
[root@m01 tools]# sed ‘s#keepcache=0#keepcache=1#g‘/etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1
#主要的是上面两条
[root@m01 tools]# sed -i ‘s#keepcache=0#keepcache=1#g‘ /etc/yum.conf
[root@m01 tools]# grep "keepcache=1"/etc/yum.conf
keepcache=1
#清空本机已有yum缓存
[root@m01 tools]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"
[root@m01 tools]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"|xargs rm -f
#最好做下快照，方便还原和测试
-----------------------------------------------------------
#设置yum源为阿里的配置
[root@m01 tools]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Aug 4 2015/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@m01 tools]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630
[root@m01 tools]# ls -l/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1991 Jun 29 22:23/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.ori.20160630
[root@m01 tools]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
[root@m01 tools]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2572 May 15 2015 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#可以通过baseurl过滤一下查看是否配置成功
[root@m01 tools]# grep "baseurl"/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
-----------------------------------------------------------
[root@m01 tools]# rpm -qa pcre-devel openssl-devel
[root@m01 tools]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
[root@m01 nginx-1.6.3]# rpm -qa pcre-developenssl-devel
openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64
pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64
-----------------------------------------------------------
#查看yum缓存文件,/var/cache/下的rpm文件千万不要删除,切记！
[root@m01 tools]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-libs-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-devel-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@m01 ~]# ls /tmp/
[root@m01 ~]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"|xargs cp -t /tmp/
[root@m01 ~]# ls /tmp/
keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
krb5-devel-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
krb5-libs-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
#下述在安装rpm包的时候会用到
[root@m01 ~]# cd /tmp/ && tar zcfnginx_yum.tar.gz *.rpm
[root@m01 tmp]# ls -l nginx_yum.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4442080 Jun 29 22:31nginx_yum.tar.gz
[root@m01 tmp]# sz nginx_yum.tar.gz
#D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\ nginx_yum.tar.gz
-----------------------------------------------------------
[root@m01 nginx-1.6.3]# useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@m01 nginx-1.6.3]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
nginx:x:502:502::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@m01 tools]# pwd
/application/tools
[root@m01 tools]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr 8 2015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@m01 tools]# tar zxf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@m01 tools]# cd nginx-1.6.3
[root@m01 nginx-1.6.3]# ll
total 624
drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001 4096 Jun 29 22:26 auto
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 236608 Apr 7 2015CHANGES
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 360501 Apr 7 2015CHANGES.ru
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Jun 29 22:26 conf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 2369 Apr 7 2015 configure
drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001 4096 Jun 29 22:26 contrib
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Jun 29 22:26 html
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 1397 Apr 7 2015 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Jun 29 22:26 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 49 Apr 7 2015 README
drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 1001 4096 Jun 29 22:26 src
#安装nginx
[root@m01 nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@m01 nginx-1.6.3]# make && make install
[root@m01 nginx-1.6.3]# cd ..
[root@m01 tools]# ll
total 792
drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Jun 29 22:33 nginx-1.6.3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 805253 Apr 8 2015nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@m01 tools]# pwd
/application/tools
[root@m01 tools]# ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3//application/nginx
-----------------------------------------------------------
#创建rpm包要执行的脚本
[root@m01 tmp]# mkdir -p /server/scripts/
[root@m01 tmp]# cd /server/scripts/
[root@m01 scripts]# cat nginx_rpm.sh
#!/bin/bash
useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
#做一次快照
#通过fpm命令打包rpm
[root@m01 tools]# fpm-s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 -d‘pcre-devel,openssl-devel‘ --post-install /server/scripts/nginx_rpm.sh -f/application/nginx-1.6.3/
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil{:level=>:warn}
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil{:level=>:warn}
Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm"}
[root@m01 tools]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046824 Jun 29 22:39nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@m01 tools]# sz nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
# D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
-----------------------------------------------------------
#查看rpm包信息
[root@m01 tools]# rpm -qpi nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
Name :nginx Relocations:/
Version :1.6.3 Vendor:root@m01
Release :1 Build Date: Wed 29 Jun2016 10:39:39 PM CST
Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: m01
Group :default Source RPM:nginx-1.6.3-1.src.rpm
Size :3179846 License:unknown
Signature :(none)
Packager :<root@m01>
URL :http://example.com/no-uri-given
Summary : nodescription given
Description :
no description given
#查看rpm包内容
[root@m01 tools]# rpm -qpl nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-utf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-win
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/win-utf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/50x.html
/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/index.html
/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs
/application/nginx-1.6.3/sbin/nginx
#查看rpm的包依赖
[root@m01 tools]# rpm -qpR nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
pcre-devel
openssl-devel
/bin/sh
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
#查看rpm自带的执行脚本，执行脚本不是以文件的形式存在rpm包中
[root@m01 tools]# rpm -qp --scriptsnginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh):
#!/bin/bash
useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
三、安装rpm包的三种方法(重点是第三种yum仓库)
[root@m01 tools]# yum localinstallnginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
#这个命令会自动先从网络安装rpm包的依赖，然后再安装nginx的rpm包。
[root@m01 tools]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
pcre-develis needed by nginx-1.6.2-1.x86_64
openssl-devel is needed by nginx-1.6.2-1.x86_64
但会报如上依赖错误，需要先yum安装依赖才能安装rpm包。
解决方案：
1、以第一种yum命令安装rpm包的方式
2、
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -ivh openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -ivh pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
3、如果本机已有所有的依赖包（对应上述中的nginx_yum.tar.gz），那么执行以下操作：
[root@web01 ~]# tar zxf nginx_yum.tar.gz
[root@web01 ~]#rpm -ivh --aid *rpm
#如果报下述错误
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
file/usr/lib64/libkadm5clnt_mit.so.8.0 from install ofkrb5-libs-1.10.3-42z1.el6_7.x86_64 conflicts with file from packagekrb5-libs-1.10.3-42.el6.x86_64
file/usr/lib64/libkadm5srv_mit.so.8.0 from install of krb5-libs-1.10.3-42z1.el6_7.x86_64conflicts with file from package krb5-libs-1.10.3-42.el6.x86_64
file/usr/bin/openssl from install of openssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64 conflictswith file from package openssl-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64
file/usr/lib64/.libcrypto.so.1.0.1e.hmac from install ofopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64 conflicts with file from packageopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64
file/usr/lib64/.libssl.so.1.0.1e.hmac from install ofopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64 conflicts with file from packageopenssl-1.0.1e-42.el6.x86_64
………………
报错原因：rpm包冲突，使用U参数，因为有些包本地有，需要更新。
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -Uvh --aid *rpm
[root@m01 tools]# ls -ld /application/yum/centos6/x86_64
ls: cannot access /application/yum/centos6/x86_64: Nosuch file or directory
[root@m01 tools]# mkdir /application/yum/centos6/x86_64
mkdir: cannot create directory`/application/yum/centos6/x86_64‘: No such file or directory
[root@m01 tools]# mkdir -p /application/yum/centos6/x86_64
[root@m01 tools]# cd /application/yum/centos6/x86_64
[root@m01 x86_64]# pwd
/application/yum/centos6/x86_64
[root@m01 x86_64]# rz -y
#上传rpm包到此目录，此目录下面还可以包括文件夹
#D:\Program\SecureCRT\download\nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
#也可以直接拿过来前面生成的nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@m01 x86_64]# cp/application/tools/nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm /application/yum/centos6/x86_64/
[root@m01 x86_64]# ls -l nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046824 Jun 29 23:04nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@m01 x86_64]# rpm -qa createrepo
[root@m01 x86_64]# yum -y install createrepo
[root@m01 x86_64]# createrepo -pdo/application/yum/centos6/x86_64/ /application/yum/centos6/x86_64/
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
#可以用Apache或nginx提供web服务，但用Python的http模块更简单，适用于内网环境
#先检查nginx服务是否开启
[root@m01 x86_64]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 8370 1969 0 23:08 pts/1 00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@m01 x86_64]# ps -ef|grep 80
root 8372 1969 0 23:08 pts/1 00:00:00 grep 80
[root@m01 x86_64]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
#如果开启，那么要先关闭，因为下面要使用80端口操作
[root@m01 x86_64]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
#检查防火墙是否开启
[root@m01 x86_64]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
#如果开启，那么关闭即可
[root@m01 x86_64]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
[root@m01 x86_64]# pwd
/application/yum/centos6/x86_64
[root@m01 x86_64]# python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80&>/dev/null &
[1] 8383
#此时可以通过浏览器输入本机IP查看
上述图中的文件列表对应/application/yum/centos6/x86_64中的内容。
#再次验证yum缓存是否开启，使yum安装软件时不删除安装包
[root@m01 x86_64]# grep "keepcache=1"/etc/yum.conf
keepcache=1
#只下载软件不安装
[root@m01 x86_64]# yumdownloader pcre-devel openssl-devel
[root@m01 x86_64]# ll
total 4076
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046824 Jun 29 23:04nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1226136 May 13 19:30openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1226260 May 13 19:30openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 327952 Jul 25 2015pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 327960 Jul 25 2015pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 29 23:07 repodata
[root@m01 x86_64]# pwd
/application/yum/centos6/x86_64
#每加入一个rpm包就要更新一下
[root@m01 x86_64]# createrepo --update/application/yum/centos6/x86_64
Spawning worker 0 with 4 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
#再次检查一下/var/cache/下的rpm文件列表
[root@m01 x86_64]# find /var/cache/ -type f -name"*rpm"
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/updates/packages/openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/createrepo-0.9.9-24.el6.noarch.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-libs-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/krb5-devel-1.10.3-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/packages/keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@web01 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# cat oldboy.repo
[oldboy]
name=Server
baseurl=http://10.0.0.61
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras oldboy updates
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# yum --enablerepo=oldboy--disablerepo=base,extras,updates,epel list
# 这条命令中的oldboy名称一定要对应oldboy.repo中的[oldboy]！
#注意最下面白色的文件列表
Available Packages
nginx.x86_641.6.3-1oldboy
openssl-devel.i6861.0.1e-48.el6_8.1oldboy
openssl-devel.x86_641.0.1e-48.el6_8.1oldboy
pcre-devel.i6867.8-7.el6oldboy
pcre-devel.x86_647.8-7.el6oldboy
#在哪个路径下执行yum操作没有影响
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# yum install nginx
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# ls -ld/application/nginx-1.6.3/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jun 30 21:51/application/nginx-1.6.3/
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# ls -ld /application/nginx/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jun 30 21:51/application/nginx/
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# ls -l /application/nginx/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 30 21:51 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 30 21:51 html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 29 22:39 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 30 21:51 sbin
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2022/nginx
[root@web01 yum.repos.d]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 2022 1 0 21:52 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 2023 2022 0 21:52 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 2027 1947 0 21:52 pts/1 00:00:00 grep nginx
-s 指定源类型
-t 指定目标类型，即想要制作为什么包
-n 指定包的名字
-v 指定包的版本号
-C 指定打包的相对路径 Change directory to here before searchingforfiles
-d 指定依赖于哪些包
-f 第二次打包时目录下如果有同名安装包存在，则覆盖它
-p 输出的安装包的目录，不想放在当前目录下就需要指定
--post-install 软件包安装完成之后所要运行的脚本；同--after-install
--pre-install 软件包安装完成之前所要运行的脚本；同--before-install
--post-uninstall 软件包卸载完成之后所要运行的脚本；同--after-remove
--pre-uninstall 软件包卸载完成之前所要运行的脚本；同--before-remove
cachedir=/var/cache/yum
//yum 缓存的目录，yum 在此存储下载的rpm 包和数据库，默认设置为/var/cache/yum
keepcache=0
//安装完成后是否保留软件包，0为不保留（默认为0），1为保留
debuglevel=2
//Debug 信息输出等级，范围为0-10，缺省为2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
//yum 日志文件位置。用户可以到/var/log/yum.log 文件去查询过去所做的更新。
exactarch=1
//有1和0两个选项，设置为1，则yum 只会安装和系统架构匹配的软件包，例如，yum 不会将i686的软件包安装在适合i386的系统中。默认为1。
obsoletes=1
//这是一个update 的参数，具体请参阅yum(8)，简单的说就是相当于upgrade，允许更新陈旧的RPM包。
gpgcheck=1 // 有1和0两个选择，分别代表是否是否进行gpg(GNU Private Guard) 校验，以确定rpm 包的来源是有效和安全的。这个选项如果设置在[main]部分，则对每个repository 都有效。默认值为0。
plugins=1
//是否启用插件，默认1为允许，0表示不允许。我们一般会用yum-fastestmirror这个插件。
installonly_limit=5 #允许保留多少个内核包。
distroverpkg=redhat-release
//指定一个软件包，yum 会根据这个包判断你的发行版本，默认是redhat-release，也可以是安装的任何针对自己发行版的rpm 包。
本文出自 “你可以选择不平凡” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://ylcodes01.blog.51cto.com/5607366/1794763
原文地址：http://ylcodes01.blog.51cto.com/5607366/1794763
