10.1 单片机数字秒表程序

unsigned char a;
unsigned int b;
unsigned int c;
c = a *b;

unsigned char a=100;
unsigned int b=700;
unsigned long c=0;
c = a*b;

unsigned char a=100;
unsigned int b=700;
b=a;

unsigned char a=100;
unsigned int b=700;
a=b;

bit a=0;
unsigned char b;
a=(bit)b;

P0 = 0xFF;
switch (i){
    case 0: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=0; i++; P0=LedBuff[0]; break;
    case 1: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=1; i++; P0=LedBuff[1]; break;
    case 2: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=1; ADDR0=0; i++; P0=LedBuff[2]; break;
    case 3: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=1; ADDR0=1; i++; P0=LedBuff[3]; break;
    case 4: ADDR2=1; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=0; i++; P0=LedBuff[4]; break;
    case 5: ADDR2=1; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=1; i=0; P0=LedBuff[5]; break;
    default: break;
}

P0 = 0xFF;
P1 = (P1 & 0xF8) | i;
P0 = LedBuff[i];
if (i < 5){
    i++;
}else{
    i = 0;
}

#include <reg52.h>
sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;
sbit ENLED = P1^4;
sbit KEY1 = P2^4;
sbit KEY2 = P2^5;
sbit KEY3 = P2^6;
sbit KEY4 = P2^7;
unsigned char code LedChar[] = { //数码管显示字符转换表
    0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8,
    0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xA1, 0x86, 0x8E
};
unsigned char LedBuff[6] = { //数码管显示缓冲区
    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
};
unsigned char KeySta[4] = { //按键当前状态
    1, 1, 1, 1
};
bit StopwatchRunning = 0; //秒表运行标志
bit StopwatchRefresh = 1; //秒表计数刷新标志
unsigned char DecimalPart = 0; //秒表的小数部分
unsigned int IntegerPart = 0; //秒表的整数部分
unsigned char T0RH = 0; //T0 重载值的高字节
unsigned char T0RL = 0; //T0 重载值的低字节
void ConfigTimer0(unsigned int ms);
void StopwatchDisplay();
void KeyDriver();
void main(){
    EA = 1;  //开总中断
    ENLED = 0;  //使能选择数码管
    ADDR3 = 1;
    P2 = 0xFE; //P2.0 置 0，选择第 4 行按键作为独立按键
    ConfigTimer0(2); //配置 T0 定时 2ms
    while (1){
        if (StopwatchRefresh){ //需要刷新秒表示数时调用显示函数
            StopwatchRefresh = 0;
            StopwatchDisplay();
        }
        KeyDriver(); //调用按键驱动函数
    }
}
/* 配置并启动 T0，ms-T0 定时时间 */
void ConfigTimer0(unsigned int ms){
    unsigned long tmp; //临时变量
    tmp = 11059200 / 12; //定时器计数频率
    tmp = (tmp * ms) / 1000; //计算所需的计数值
    tmp = 65536 - tmp;  //计算定时器重载值
    tmp = tmp + 18; //补偿中断响应延时造成的误差
    T0RH = (unsigned char)(tmp>>8); //定时器重载值拆分为高低字节
    T0RL = (unsigned char)tmp;
    TMOD &= 0xF0; //清零 T0 的控制位
    TMOD |= 0x01; //配置 T0 为模式 1
    TH0 = T0RH; //加载 T0 重载值
    TL0 = T0RL;
    ET0 = 1; //使能 T0 中断
    TR0 = 1; //启动 T0
}
/* 秒表计数显示函数 */
void StopwatchDisplay(){
    signed char i;
    unsigned char buf[4]; //数据转换的缓冲区
    //小数部分转换到低 2 位
    LedBuff[0] = LedChar[DecimalPart%10];
    LedBuff[1] = LedChar[DecimalPart/10];
    //整数部分转换到高 4 位
    buf[0] = IntegerPart%10;
    buf[1] = (IntegerPart/10)%10;
    buf[2] = (IntegerPart/100)%10;
    buf[3] = (IntegerPart/1000)%10;
    for (i=3; i>=1; i--){ //整数部分高位的 0 转换为空字符
        if (buf[i] == 0){
            LedBuff[i+2] = 0xFF;
        }else{
            break;    
        }
    }
    for ( ; i>=0; i--){ //有效数字位转换为显示字符
        LedBuff[i+2] = LedChar[buf[i]];
    }
    LedBuff[2] &= 0x7F; //点亮小数点
}
/* 秒表启停函数 */
void StopwatchAction(){
    if (StopwatchRunning){ //已启动则停止
        StopwatchRunning = 0;
    }else{  //未启动则启动
        StopwatchRunning = 1;
    }
}
/* 秒表复位函数 */
void StopwatchReset(){
    StopwatchRunning = 0; //停止秒表
    DecimalPart = 0; //清零计数值
    IntegerPart = 0;
    StopwatchRefresh = 1; //置刷新标志
}
/* 按键驱动函数，检测按键动作，调度相应动作函数，需在主循环中调用 */
void KeyDriver(){
    unsigned char i;
    static unsigned char backup[4] = {1,1,1,1};
   
    for (i=0; i<4; i++){ //循环检测 4 个按键
        if (backup[i] != KeySta[i]){ //检测按键动作
            if (backup[i] != 0){ //按键按下时执行动作
                if (i == 1){ //Esc 键复位秒表
                    StopwatchReset();
                }else if (i == 2){//回车键启停秒表
                    StopwatchAction();
                }
            }
            backup[i] = KeySta[i]; //刷新前一次的备份值
        }
    }
}
/* 按键扫描函数，需在定时中断中调用 */
void KeyScan(){
    unsigned char i;
    static unsigned char keybuf[4] = { //按键扫描缓冲区
        0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
    };
   
    //按键值移入缓冲区
    keybuf[0] = (keybuf[0] << 1) | KEY1;
    keybuf[1] = (keybuf[1] << 1) | KEY2;
    keybuf[2] = (keybuf[2] << 1) | KEY3;
    keybuf[3] = (keybuf[3] << 1) | KEY4;
    //消抖后更新按键状态
    for (i=0; i<4; i++){
        if (keybuf[i] == 0x00){
            //连续 8 次扫描值为 0，即 16ms 内都是按下状态时，可认为按键已稳定的按下
            KeySta[i] = 0;
        }else if (keybuf[i] == 0xFF){
            //连续 8 次扫描值为 1，即 16ms 内都是弹起状态时，可认为按键已稳定的弹起
            KeySta[i] = 1;
        }
    }
}
/* 数码管动态扫描刷新函数，需在定时中断中调用 */
void LedScan(){
    static unsigned char i = 0; //动态扫描索引
    P0 = 0xFF; //关闭所有段选位，显示消隐
    P1 = (P1 & 0xF8) | i; //位选索引值赋值到 P1 口低 3 位
    P0 = LedBuff[i]; //缓冲区中索引位置的数据送到 P0 口
    if (i < 5){ //索引递增循环，遍历整个缓冲区
        i++;
    }else{
        i = 0;
    }
}
/* 秒表计数函数，每隔 10ms 调用一次进行秒表计数累加 */
void StopwatchCount(){
    if (StopwatchRunning){ //当处于运行状态时递增计数值
        DecimalPart++; //小数部分+1
        if (DecimalPart >= 100){ //小数部分计到 100 时进位到整数部分
            DecimalPart = 0;
            IntegerPart++; //整数部分+1
            if (IntegerPart >= 10000){ //整数部分计到 10000 时归零
                IntegerPart = 0;
            }
        }
        StopwatchRefresh = 1; //设置秒表计数刷新标志
    }
}
/* T0 中断服务函数，完成数码管、按键扫描与秒表计数 */
void InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1{
    static unsigned char tmr10ms = 0;
    TH0 = T0RH; //重新加载重载值
    TL0 = T0RL;
    LedScan(); //数码管扫描显示
    KeyScan(); //按键扫描
    //定时 10ms 进行一次秒表计数
    tmr10ms++;
    if (tmr10ms >= 5){
        tmr10ms = 0;
        StopwatchCount(); //调用秒表计数函数
    }
}