I.
口语中存在的略多,相比记忆磅礴纷繁的那些含义具体而高冷的词组,不如先找一些常用词来做替换,这边随意性的举几个例子:
have got ≈ have
e.g. I have a question. → I‘ve got a question.
be like ≈ say/think诸如此类表示想法及话语引用
e.g. She said:"Yeah, sure, why not?"→She was like:"Yeah, sure, why not."
be into ≈ like做动词
e.g. My father likes fishing. → My father‘s into fishing.
kind of/kinda 莫名加在句子里面各种位置作状语降低肯定性,类似于a little之类的(包含程度副词意)
e.g. She is sweet. → She‘s kinda sweet.
I liked it. → I kinda liked it.
然后想起来再补充吧...
II.
完了之后是纯粹口癖,木有啥太大意义的词,乍看之下并无卵用,然而对于语流形成或者口语“带感化(daiganization)”实在是太要紧了。譬如:
句首的
You know what...
You know...
So you see...
Let‘s see...
Let me see...
Well, I mean...
And it was like...
I don‘t know but...
并列结尾的
...and things.
...and something like that.
...and stuff.
...and shit.
句尾的
You know what I mean?
You know what I‘m saying?
Right?
然后也是想起来再补充吧...
III.
书面语写作中正常提笔就写的那堆词其实都可以考虑替换下,比如:
First of all/firstly/first and foremost ≈ first off/to begin with
At last/finally ≈ last but not the least
because ≈ due to/since/as
when ≈ while/as
but/however ≈ yet/though
inform sb. of sth./acknowledge sb. of sth.
告知某人某事
用法类似于tell sb. Sth.
equip sb. sth./bless sb. with sth./grant sb. sth.
给予某人...(的好处)
用法类似于give sb. Sth.或者是make/let sb. have sth.
do sth. rather than do sth.
做某事而非做某事
类似于instead of的用法,此处需要注意than后面不要误加成动词ing形式
aid sb. to do sth.
帮助某人做某事
类似于help sb. do sth.
be required to do sth
被要求做某事
类似于be asked to do sth.
IV.
然后常用逻辑词汇可以通过结构做一下扩展,口语中拿来撑语流,书面语...拿来凑字数,比如:
because ≈ because of the reason that
result in ≈ lead to the result that
should ≈ be supposed to/ought to*
can ≈ be able to*
will ≈ be expected to*
must ≈ have to*
**这几个约等于就约得很了...语境上使用还是有比较大的差别的...
V.
然后就是脏字的花样用法... s word以及f word各种翻花绳,这边不再枚举...自行去看南方公园...
VI.
一些固定好用的,语境语域使用比较广泛的词组,也会是在写作与口语中起到非常大作用的,比如
used to do... 过去常常/曾经一度做某事(不用于指代一次性事件)
when it comes to... 当我们提到...的时候/当说到...的时候
one of + n.复数 ...之一
pay off 偿清/取得成功
constrained to their text books 掉书袋
current happening events/heated global issues 时事
make ends meet 使收支平衡
take it as grated 想当然
social class 社会阶层
这个部分的词组太多了,回头做字幕和上课的时候会积累积累,然后日常性更新一下
然后:
其他的就是日常向的词组,词组一定要主动掌握,多对照地道译文做一些汉译英尝试提高主动性,此外词组也是练习连读的良好载体,如果连读不起来,词组使用其实对语流搭建也就起不到什么作用,反而会耽误讲话吧...