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Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c) 是用来对用户自定义的对象数组排序功能的。Java 官方文档简单描述了它的作用,但不足以让我们深刻理解。为了更深入地理解它,这篇文章将梳理相关的关键点。
1、简单实例:如何使用Arrays.sort()
通过阅读下面代码,你能快速正确了解这个方法的用途。Comparator(比较器)用于根据Dogs的size比较其大小,并作为sort方法的参数。
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import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator; class Dog{ int size; public Dog( int s){ size = s; } } class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{ @Override public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) { return o1.size - o2.size; } } public class ArraySort { public static void main(String[] args) { Dog d1 = new Dog( 2 ); Dog d2 = new Dog( 1 ); Dog d3 = new Dog( 3 ); Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3}; printDogs(dogArray); Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator()); printDogs(dogArray); } public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){ for (Dog d: dogs) System.out.print(d.size + " " ); System.out.println(); } } |
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2 1 3 1 2 3 |
2、策略模式的使用
这是运用策略模式的一个很好的场景,为什么策略模式对于这种场景非常适用?简单来说,策略模式使不同的算法在运行时得以选择。在这个例子中,通过传递不同的Comparator,可以选择不同的算法。基于上例,现在假设你有一个Comparator,用weight来代替size来比较Dogs。你可以简单创建一个新的Comprator如下:
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class Dog{ int size; int weight; public Dog( int s, int w){ size = s; weight = w; } } class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{ @Override public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) { return o1.size - o2.size; } } class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{ @Override public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) { return o1.weight - o2.weight; } } public class ArraySort { public static void main(String[] args) { Dog d1 = new Dog( 2 , 50 ); Dog d2 = new Dog( 1 , 30 ); Dog d3 = new Dog( 3 , 40 ); Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3}; printDogs(dogArray); Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator()); printDogs(dogArray); Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator()); printDogs(dogArray); } public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){ for (Dog d: dogs) System.out.print( "size=" +d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " " ); System.out.println(); } } |
输出:
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size= 2 weight= 50 size= 1 weight= 30 size= 3 weight= 40 size= 1 weight= 30 size= 2 weight= 50 size= 3 weight= 40 size= 1 weight= 30 size= 3 weight= 40 size= 2 weight= 50 |
Comparator仅仅是一个接口,任何实现了Comparator在运行时都可以被使用,这是策略模式的核心理念。
3、为什么使用“super”
很显然,如果”Comparator<T>c”作为参数,但是第二个参数是”Comparator< ? super T > c”,使用<? super T>意味着类型可以是T或者是它的超类。为什么允许超类型呢?答案是:这种方式允许所有子类使用同一个comparator。看看下面这个例子一目了然。
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import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Comparator; class Animal{ int size; } class Dog extends Animal{ public Dog( int s){ size = s; } } class Cat extends Animal{ public Cat( int s){ size = s; } } class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{ @Override public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) { return o1.size - o2.size; } //in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator. } public class ArraySort { public static void main(String[] args) { Dog d1 = new Dog( 2 ); Dog d2 = new Dog( 1 ); Dog d3 = new Dog( 3 ); Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3}; printDogs(dogArray); Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator()); printDogs(dogArray); System.out.println(); //when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used. Cat c1 = new Cat( 2 ); Cat c2 = new Cat( 1 ); Cat c3 = new Cat( 3 ); Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3}; printDogs(catArray); Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator()); printDogs(catArray); } public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){ for (Animal a: animals) System.out.print( "size=" +a.size + " " ); System.out.println(); } } |
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size= 2 size= 1 size= 3 size= 1 size= 2 size= 3 size= 2 size= 1 size= 3 size= 1 size= 2 size= 3 |
4、总结
总的来说,从Arrays.sort()中你应该了解到:
参考:Arrays.sort(T[], java.util.Comparator)
原文链接: programcreek 翻译: ImportNew.com - 刘志军
译文链接: http://www.importnew.com/8952.html
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/wozixiaoyao/p/5658847.html