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Thrift是Apache的一个开源的跨语言服务开发框架,它提供了一个代码生成引擎来构建服务,支持C++,Java,Python,PHP,Ruby,Erlang,Perl,Haskell,C#,Cocoa,JavaScript,Node.js,Smalltalk,OCaml,Delphi等多种编程语言。
一般来说,使用Thrift来开发应用程序,主要建立在两种场景下:
第一,在我们开发过程中,一个比较大的项目需要多个团队进行协作,而每个团队的成员在编程技术方面的技能可能不一定相同,为了实现这种跨语言的开发氛围,使用Thrift来构建服务
第二,企业之间合作,在业务上不可避免出现跨语言的编程环境,使用Thrift可以达到类似Web Services的跨平台的特性
安装配置Thrift
Thrift的编译器使用C++编写的,在安装编译器之前,首先应该保证操作系统基本环境支持C++的编译,安装相关依赖的软件包,如下所示
sudo yum install automake libtool flex bison pkgconfig gcc-c++ boost-devel libevent-devel zlib-devel python-devel ruby-devel openssl-devel
下载Thrift的软件包,并解压缩:
tar -xvzf thrift-0.9.0.tar.gz
配置、编译、安装Thrift,如下所示:
sudo ./configure
sudo make
sudo make install
如果在配置的时候总是报如下错误:
可能是没有安装openssl-devel,可以安装这个软件包,或者,如果已经安装了这个软件包,可以执行以下命令:
sudo yum update
如果需要的话,可以运行测试用例:
sudo make check
安装成功以后,可以输入如下命令行进行验证:
thrift --help
Usage: thrift [options] file
Options:
-version Print the compiler version
-o dir Set the output directory for gen-* packages
(default: current directory)
-out dir Set the ouput location for generated files.
(no gen-* folder will be created)
-I dir Add a directory to the list of directories
searched for include directives
-nowarn Suppress all compiler warnings (BAD!)
-strict Strict compiler warnings on
-v[erbose] Verbose mode
-r[ecurse] Also generate included files
-debug Parse debug trace to stdout
--allow-neg-keys Allow negative field keys (Used to preserve protocol
compatibility with older .thrift files)
--allow-64bit-consts Do not print warnings about using 64-bit constants
--gen STR Generate code with a dynamically-registered generator.
STR has the form language[:key1=val1[,key2,[key3=val3]]].
Keys and values are options passed to the generator.
Many options will not require values.
使用Thrift
我们直接使用Thrift官网提供的简单例子,验证一下。Thrift定义文件为user.thrift,如下所示:
struct UserProfile {
1: i32 uid,
2: string name,
3: string blurb
}
service UserStorage {
void store(1: UserProfile user),
UserProfile retrieve(1: i32 uid)
}
然后,使用Thrift编译器来进行编译,生成Java、C++、PHP、Perl和C#代码,执行命令:
user.thrift
gen-cpp gen-csharp gen-java gen-perl gen-php gen-py user.thrift
可以看到,生成了对应的gen-的目录,每个目录 下面都是对应的代码,下面看下,生成的代码:
Java代码
生成2个Java文件:
UserProfile.java UserStorage.java
具体代码可以查看相应的代码文件。
C++代码
生成多个C++文件:
user_constants.cpp UserStorage.cpp UserStorage_server.skeleton.cpp user_types.h
user_constants.h UserStorage.h user_types.cpp
具体代码可以查看相应的代码文件。
PHP代码
生成2个文件:
Types.php UserStorage.php
具体代码可以查看相应的代码文件。
Perl代码
生成3个文件:
Constants.pm Types.pm UserStorage.pm
具体代码可以查看相应的代码文件
C#代码
生成2个文件:
UserProfile.cs UserStorage.cs
具体代码可以查看相应的代码文件。
Python代码
生成一个__init__.py文件,和一个目录user:
.:
__init__.py user
./user:
constants.py __init__.py ttypes.py UserStorage.py UserStorage-remote
如果想要生成其他编程语言的代码,可以参考Thrift命令支持的语言,如下所示:
Available generators (and options):
as3 (AS3):
bindable: Add [bindable] metadata to all the struct classes.
c_glib (C, using GLib):
cocoa (Cocoa):
log_unexpected: Log every time an unexpected field ID or type is encountered.
cpp (C++):
cob_style: Generate "Continuation OBject"-style classes.
no_client_completion:
Omit calls to completion__() in CobClient class.
templates: Generate templatized reader/writer methods.
pure_enums: Generate pure enums instead of wrapper classes.
dense: Generate type specifications for the dense protocol.
include_prefix: Use full include paths in generated files.
csharp (C#):
async: Adds Async CTP support.
wcf: Adds bindings for WCF to generated classes.
serial: Add serialization support to generated classes.
d (D):
delphi (delphi):
ansistr_binary: Use AnsiString as binary properties.
erl (Erlang):
go (Go):
hs (Haskell):
html (HTML):
java (Java):
beans: Members will be private, and setter methods will return void.
private-members: Members will be private, but setter methods will return ‘this‘ like usual.
nocamel: Do not use CamelCase field accessors with beans.
hashcode: Generate quality hashCode methods.
android_legacy: Do not use java.io.IOException(throwable) (available for Android 2.3 and above).
java5: Generate Java 1.5 compliant code (includes android_legacy flag).
javame (Java ME):
js (Javascript):
jquery: Generate jQuery compatible code.
node: Generate node.js compatible code.
ocaml (OCaml):
perl (Perl):
php (PHP):
inlined: Generate PHP inlined files
server: Generate PHP server stubs
oop: Generate PHP with object oriented subclasses
rest: Generate PHP REST processors
py (Python):
new_style: Generate new-style classes.
twisted: Generate Twisted-friendly RPC services.
utf8strings: Encode/decode strings using utf8 in the generated code.
slots: Generate code using slots for instance members.
dynamic: Generate dynamic code, less code generated but slower.
dynbase=CLS Derive generated classes from class CLS instead of TBase.
dynexc=CLS Derive generated exceptions from CLS instead of TExceptionBase.
dynimport=‘from foo.bar import CLS‘
Add an import line to generated code to find the dynbase class.
rb (Ruby):
rubygems: Add a "require ‘rubygems‘" line to the top of each generated file.
st (Smalltalk):
xsd (XSD):
参考链接
Thrift CentOS安装和使用
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/chunguang/p/5662044.html