直方图均衡化原理

// HistogramGrayEqualizeHist.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>   //cvGetSize  cvCreateImage
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>  //cvResize cvInitMatHeader cvGetMinMaxHistValue cvCvtColor
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

#ifdef _DEBUG
#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_core244d")
#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_highgui244d")
#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_imgproc244d")  //cvResize
#else
#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_core244d")
#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_highgui244d")
#pragma comment(lib, "opencv_imgproc244d")  //cvResize
#endif
#define cvQueryHistValue_1D(hist,idx0) ((float)cvGetReal1D( (hist)->bins, (idx0)))

using namespace std;  
#pragma comment(linker, "/subsystem:\"windows\" /entry:\"mainCRTStartup\"")  
void FillWhite(IplImage *pImage)  
{  
    cvRectangle(pImage, cvPoint(0, 0), cvPoint(pImage->width, pImage->height), CV_RGB(255, 255, 255), CV_FILLED);  
}  
// 创建灰度图像的直方图  
CvHistogram* CreateGrayImageHist(IplImage **ppImage)  
{  
    int nHistSize = 256;  
    float fRange[] = {0, 255};  //灰度级的范围    
    float *pfRanges[] = {fRange};    
    CvHistogram *pcvHistogram = cvCreateHist(1, &nHistSize, CV_HIST_ARRAY, pfRanges);  
    cvCalcHist(ppImage, pcvHistogram);  
    return pcvHistogram;  
}  
// 根据直方图创建直方图图像  
IplImage* CreateHisogramImage(int nImageWidth, int nScale, int nImageHeight, CvHistogram *pcvHistogram)  
{  
    IplImage *pHistImage = cvCreateImage(cvSize(nImageWidth * nScale, nImageHeight), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);  
    FillWhite(pHistImage);  
  
    //统计直方图中的最大直方块  
    float fMaxHistValue = 0;  
    cvGetMinMaxHistValue(pcvHistogram, NULL, &fMaxHistValue, NULL, NULL);  
  
    //分别将每个直方块的值绘制到图中  
    int i;  
    for(i = 0; i < nImageWidth; i++)  
    {  
        float fHistValue = cvQueryHistValue_1D(pcvHistogram, i); //像素为i的直方块大小  
        int nRealHeight = cvRound((fHistValue / fMaxHistValue) * nImageHeight);  //要绘制的高度  
        cvRectangle(pHistImage,  
            cvPoint(i * nScale, nImageHeight - 1),  
            cvPoint((i + 1) * nScale - 1, nImageHeight - nRealHeight),  
            cvScalar(i, 0, 0, 0),   
            CV_FILLED  
            );   
    }  
    return pHistImage;  
}  
int main( int argc, char** argv )  
{     
    const char *pstrWindowsSrcTitle = "原图";  
    const char *pstrWindowsGrayTitle = "灰度图";  
    const char *pstrWindowsHistTitle = "直方图";  
    const char *pstrWindowsGrayEqualizeTitle = "灰度图-均衡化后";  
    const char *pstrWindowsHistEqualizeTitle = "直方图-均衡化后";  
      
    // 从文件中加载原图  
    // IplImage *pSrcImage = cvLoadImage("./images/yangmi.jpg", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED);  
    IplImage *pSrcImage = cvLoadImage("./images/beauty.png", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED);  
    IplImage *pGrayImage = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pSrcImage), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);  
    IplImage *pGrayEqualizeImage = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pSrcImage), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);  
      
    // 灰度图  
    cvCvtColor(pSrcImage, pGrayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);  
    // 直方图图像数据  
    int nHistImageWidth = 255;  
    int nHistImageHeight = 150;   
    int nScale = 2;    
  
    // 灰度直方图及直方图图像  
    CvHistogram *pcvHistogram = CreateGrayImageHist(&pGrayImage);  
    IplImage *pHistImage = CreateHisogramImage(nHistImageWidth, nScale, nHistImageHeight, pcvHistogram);  
  
    // 均衡化 
    //函数功能：直方图均衡化，该函数能归一化图像亮度和增强对比度
    //第一个参数表示输入图像，必须为灰度图（8位，单通道图）
    //第二个参数表示输出图像
    //该函数采用如下法则对输入图像进行直方图均衡化：
        //1：计算输入图像的直方图H。
        //2：直方图归一化，因此直方块和为255。
        //3：计算直方图积分，H‘(i) = Sum(H(j)) (0<=j<=i)。
        //4：采用H‘作为查询表：dst(x, y) = H‘(src(x, y))进行图像变换。
    cvEqualizeHist(pGrayImage, pGrayEqualizeImage);  
  
    // 均衡化后的灰度直方图及直方图图像  
    CvHistogram *pcvHistogramEqualize = CreateGrayImageHist(&pGrayEqualizeImage);         
    IplImage *pHistEqualizeImage = CreateHisogramImage(nHistImageWidth, nScale, nHistImageHeight, pcvHistogramEqualize);  
  
    // 显示  
    cvNamedWindow(pstrWindowsSrcTitle); 
    cvNamedWindow(pstrWindowsGrayTitle); 
    cvNamedWindow(pstrWindowsGrayEqualizeTitle); 
    cvNamedWindow(pstrWindowsHistTitle); 
    cvNamedWindow(pstrWindowsHistEqualizeTitle); 
    cvShowImage(pstrWindowsSrcTitle,pSrcImage);
    cvShowImage(pstrWindowsGrayTitle,pGrayImage);
    cvShowImage(pstrWindowsGrayEqualizeTitle,pGrayEqualizeImage);
    cvShowImage(pstrWindowsHistTitle,pHistImage);
    cvShowImage(pstrWindowsHistEqualizeTitle,pHistEqualizeImage);
    cvWaitKey(0);  
    //回收资源代码…  
    cvDestroyWindow(pstrWindowsSrcTitle);
    cvDestroyWindow(pstrWindowsGrayTitle);
    cvDestroyWindow(pstrWindowsGrayEqualizeTitle);
    cvDestroyWindow(pstrWindowsHistTitle);
    cvDestroyWindow(pstrWindowsHistEqualizeTitle);
    cvReleaseImage(&pSrcImage);
    cvReleaseImage(&pGrayImage);
    cvReleaseImage(&pGrayEqualizeImage);
    cvReleaseImage(&pHistImage);
    cvReleaseImage(&pHistEqualizeImage);
    return 0;  
}