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Introduction
Proof: heart of BMO
A completely convincing logical argument which underpins, and is the guarantee of . the truth of a mathematical statement.
Prove: root 2 is not rational
method 1
assume that m and n are positive integers -> at least one of m and n is odd
(m/n)^2 = 2
m^2 = 2n^2
2n^2 is even -> m^2 is even -> m is even -> n is odd
m= 2k
4k^2 = 2n^2
2k^2 = n^2
n^2 is even -> n is even
Initial assumption incorrect
method 2
from 1: m^2 = 2n^2
n^2 = 2k^2
let x1 = m, x2 = n
(x1/x2)^2 = 2
(x2/x3)^2 = 2 (x3=k<x2)
(xi/x(i+1))^2 = 2
x1>x2>x3...
infinite chain while finitely many integers smaller than a specific integer.
method 3
m = (2^x)m‘ m‘ is odd
n = (2^y)n‘ n‘ is odd
2^2x m‘^2 = 2 2^2y n‘ = 2^(2y+1) n‘^2
2^(2y+1)/2^x is even -> m‘ is even or n‘ is even
A Mathematical Olympiad Primer Ch1
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/Yankai/p/5751015.html