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HAProxy的特点是：
1、支持两种代理模式：TCP（四层）和HTTP（七层），支持虚拟主机；
2、能够补充Nginx的一些缺点比如Session的保持，Cookie的引导等工作
3、支持url检测后端的服务器出问题的检测会有很好的帮助。
4、更多的负载均衡策略比如：动态加权轮循(Dynamic Round Robin)，加权源地址哈希(Weighted Source Hash)，加权URL哈希和加权参数哈希(Weighted Parameter Hash)已经实现
5、单纯从效率上来讲HAProxy更会比Nginx有更出色的负载均衡速度。
6、HAProxy可以对Mysql进行负载均衡，对后端的DB节点进行检测和负载均衡。
9、支持负载均衡算法：Round-robin（轮循）、Weight-round-robin（带权轮循）、source（原地址保持）、RI（请求URL）、rdp-cookie（根据cookie）
10、不能做Web服务器即Cache。
源码方式安装Haproxy
#tar xzvf haproxy-1.4.17.tar.gz #cd haproxy-1.4.17 #make TARGET=linux26 #make install
测试配置文件如下
1 global 2 log 127.0.0.1 local0 3 # log 127.0.0.1 local1 4 maxconn 4000 5 ulimit-n 8000 6 uid 0 7 gid 0 8 # chroot /tmp 9 # nbproc 2 10 # daemon 11 # debug 12 # quiet 13 14 listen proxy1 192.168.207.128:8000 15 mode http 16 # source 127.0.0.2:0 17 # log 127.0.0.1 local0 18 # log 127.0.0.1 local1 19 log global 20 #mode tcp 21 cookie SERVERID insert indirect 22 balance roundrobin 23 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:3130 24 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:31300 25 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:80 26 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:22 27 option httpchk 28 # server test 127.0.0.1:80 cookie cookie1 check inter 300 29 # server web02 192.168.0.104:80 cookie cookie2 check inter 300 30 server web01 127.0.0.1:80 cookie cookie1 check inter 2000 fall 3 weight 30 #定义的多个后端 31 server web02 192.168.0.104:80 cookie cookie2 check inter 2000 fall 3 weight 30 #定义的多个后端 32 33 # server nc 127.0.0.1:8080 cookie cookie1 check inter 300 34 # server tuxlocal0 10.101.23.9:80 cookie cookie1 check 35 # server tuxlocal1 127.0.0.1:80 cookie cookie1 check 36 # server tuxlocal2 127.0.0.1:80 cookie cookie2 check 37 # server tuxlocal3 127.0.0.1:80 cookie cookie3 check 38 # server tuxlocal4 127.0.0.1:80 cookie cookie4 check 39 # server vax 10.101.14.1:80 cookie cookie1 check 40 #server tuxceleron 10.101.0.1:80 cookie cookie2 check 41 #server telnet 127.0.0.1:23 42 #server ssh 127.0.0.1:22 43 #server local 127.0.0.1:3130 cookie cookie3 check 44 #server ko 127.0.0.1:0 cookie cookie3 check 45 #server local 127.0.0.1:8001 cookie cookie3 check 46 #server local 127.0.0.1:3130 47 #server celeron 10.101.0.1:80 cookie srv1 48 #server celeron 10.101.0.1:31300 49 #server local 10.101.23.9:31300 50 contimeout 3000 51 clitimeout 150000 52 srvtimeout 150000 53 maxconn 60000 54 option redispatch 55 retries 3 56 grace 3000 57 #rsprep ^Server.* Server:\ IIS 58 #rspdel ^Server.* 59 #rspadd Set-Cookie:\ mycookie=0;\ path=/ 60 #rsprep ^(Date:\ )([^,]*)(,\ )(.*) LaDate\ est:\ \4\ (\2) 61 # force connection:close 62 #reqidel ^Connection: 63 #rspidel ^Connection: 64 #reqadd Connection:\ close 65 #rspadd Connection:\ close 66 # processing options 67 #option keepalive 68 option forwardfor 69 option httplog 70 option dontlognull 71 # reqirep ^(Test:\ ) \0_toto_\1_toto 72 # reqidel ^X-Forwarded-for: 73 # reqirep ^(GET|POST)\ .* \0 74 # reqirep ^(Host:|Connection:|User-agent:|Cookie:)\ .* \0 75 # reqideny ^ 76 77 listen proxy2 0.0.0.0:8001 78 mode http 79 #mode tcp 80 dispatch 127.0.0.1:80 81 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:31300 82 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:80 83 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:22 84 #server tuxlocal 127.0.0.1:80 cookie cookie1 check 85 #server tuxceleron 10.101.0.1:80 cookie cookie2 check 86 #server telnet 127.0.0.1:23 87 #server ssh 127.0.0.1:22 88 #server local 127.0.0.1:3130 cookie cookie3 check 89 #server local 127.0.0.1:3130 90 #server celeron 10.101.0.1:80 cookie srv1 91 #server celeron 10.101.0.1:31300 92 #server local 10.101.23.9:31300 93 contimeout 3000 94 clitimeout 150000 95 srvtimeout 150000 96 maxconn 60000 97 option redispatch 98 retries 3 99 grace 3000 100 #rsprep ^Server.* Server:\ IIS 101 #rspdel ^Server.* 102 rspadd Set-Cookie:\ SERVERID=12345678;\ path=/ 103 #rsprep ^(Date:\ )([^,]*)(,\ )(.*) LaDate\ est:\ \4\ (\2) 104 105 listen proxy3 0.0.0.0:3128 106 disabled 107 mode http 108 cookie SERVERID insert indirect 109 #dispatch 127.0.0.1:8080 110 server srv1 127.0.0.1:8080 111 #server srv2 192.168.12.3:8080 112 contimeout 3000 113 clitimeout 450000 114 srvtimeout 450000 115 maxconn 60000 116 option redispatch 117 retries 3 118 grace 3000 119 rspdel ^Via:.* 120 monitor-net 192.168.12.252/30 121 122 123 listen proxy4 0.0.0.0:3129 124 disabled 125 mode http 126 transparent 127 # dispatch 127.0.0.1:80 128 contimeout 3000 129 clitimeout 150000 130 srvtimeout 150000 131 maxconn 60000 132 retries 3 133 grace 3000 134 135 # log 10.101.11.1 local1 136 # log 10.101.11.1 local2 137 138 # cliexp ^(.*ASPSESSIONID.*=)(.*) \1FENICGGCBECLFFEEOAEAIFGF 139 # cliexp ^(GET.*)(.free.fr)(.*) \1.online.fr\3 140 # cliexp ^(POST.*)(.free.fr)(.*) \1.online.fr\3 141 # cliexp ^Proxy-Connection:.* Proxy-Connection:\ close 142 # srvexp ^(Location:\ )([^:]*://[^/]*)(.*) \1\3 143 144 listen health 0.0.0.0:3130 145 mode health 146 clitimeout 1500 147 srvtimeout 1500 148 maxconn 6000 149 grace 0 150 151 152 listen health2 0.0.0.0:31300 153 mode health 154 option httpchk 155 clitimeout 1500 156 srvtimeout 1500 157 maxconn 6000 158 grace 0
运行一下命令启动Haproxy
[wilson@localhost sbin]$ ./haproxy -f /usr/local/haproxy/examples.cfg
启动效果如下
server web01 127.0.0.180 check inter 2000 fall 3 weight 30 #定义的多个后端
server web02 192.168.0.104:80 check inter 2000 fall 3 weight 30 #定义的多个后端
配置的第一个80端口为centos本机的Apache 服务器，第二个为 iis，用IE和火狐打开可以看到请求被转发到不同的web服务器，效果如下
参考：
http://blog.csdn.net/tantexian/article/details/50056199
http://www.cnblogs.com/kgdxpr/p/3272861.html
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/weiweictgu/p/5769242.html
