request和response对象即然代表请求和响应,那我们要获取客户机提交过来的数据,只需要找request对象就行了。要向客户机输出数据,只需要找response对象就行了。
response的五种常用方法:
ServletResponse -- 通用的response提供了一个响应应该具有最基本的属性和方法
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|-HttpServletResponse -- 在ServletResponse的基础上针对于HTTP协议增加了很多强化的属性和方法
1.输出数据
response.setContentTye("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getOUtputStream().write("".getBytes("utf-8"));
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("");
【java code】
/** * * @project_name Day04 * @class_name OutServlet * @author Dovinya * @data 2014-8-9 下午09:27:10 * @version 1 * @notes 演示response向浏览器输出一段数据,涉及编码问题 */ public class OutServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //查询getBytes()方法可以看到,会使用平台(即中文win7)默认的码表(gbk)进行编码 //浏览器默认使用gb2312进行解码,所以不会出现乱码 //如果指定编码方式为u8,那么浏览器解码时就会出现乱码 //setHeader 如果原来没有,可以设置 //addHeader 如果原来有,可以增加一个属性 // response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=utf-8"); // response.getOutputStream().write("中国人".getBytes("utf-8")); response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//这行代码其实既通知浏览器用u8发送,又通知浏览器用u8打开 //但是为了方便观看,还是会写上下面这行代码 response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.getWriter().write("北京");//服务器端默认使用iso8859-1编码,找不到中文就用问号?表示。 } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
利用response将HTTP的响应头"content-disposition"设置为"attachment;filename=xxx"即可实现文件下载功能
如果文件名中包含中文,则文件名要进行URL编码,URLEncoding.encode(‘啊啊.jpg‘,‘utf-8‘);如果不进行编码则文件名显示错误并且不可下载。
/** * * @project_name Day04 * @class_name DownServlet * @author Dovinya * @data 2014-8-9 下午09:27:42 * @version 1 * @notes 演示response实现文件下载 */ public class DownServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //http响应头和请求头都不能包含中文,只能是iso8859-1字符集 String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("小男孩.jpg","utf-8");//这个编码集浏览器只认u8 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+fileName); String filePath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("1.jpg"); InputStream in = new FileInputStream(filePath); OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; int i =0; while((i=in.read(buf))!=-1){ out.write(buf, 0, i); } in.close(); //从response拿出来的outputstream不需要关闭 } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
(1)利用Response设置响应头refresh可以实现页面的定时刷新功能。
(2)refresh头可以被设置为一个整数,实现定是刷新当前页面,也可以在整数后跟分号再在分好后写一个url=指定刷新到的目标URL
(3)response.setHeader("Refresh","3;url=‘/news/index.jsp‘");
(4)很多网站在提示登录成功后几秒内会跳转到主页,就是由这个功能实现的。
(5)用<meta http-equiv= "" content="">可以模拟头功能
/** * * @project_name Day04 * @class_name RefreshServlet * @author Dovinya * @data 2014-8-10 上午11:19:28 * @version 1 * @notes 演示response实现定时刷新页面 */ public class RefreshServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // response.getWriter().write(new Date().toLocaleString()); response.setHeader("Refresh", "3;url=http://www.baidu.com"); response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); // response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.getWriter().write("恭喜您注册成功,3秒后回到百度!"); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
通知浏览器不需要缓存:
/* * 对于没有明确指定缓存的资源浏览器也会进行缓存,当在地址栏重新输入地址时会用缓存,但是当刷新或重新开浏览器访问时会重新获得资源。 对于明确指定缓存的资源浏览器会缓存,当在地址栏重新输入地址或重新开浏览器访问时都会用缓存,而当刷新时会重新获得资源。 */ public class NoCacheServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setIntHeader("Expires",-1 ); response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); response.getWriter().write("当期时间:"+new Date().toLocaleString()); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
/** * * @project_name Day04 * @class_name CacheServlet * @author Dovinya * @data 2014-8-10 下午06:24:12 * @version 1 * @notes 控制浏览器使用缓存 */ public class CacheServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //System.currentTimeMillis() 从1970年到现在有多少毫秒 System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()); response.setDateHeader("Expires", System.currentTimeMillis()+1000l*3600*24*30); InputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File(this.getServletContext().getRealPath("1.jpg"))); OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); byte [] buf = new byte[1024]; int i = 0; while((i=in.read(buf))!=-1){ out.write(buf, 0, i); } in.close(); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
5.请求重定向
(1)利用response设置状态码为302,并设置响应头Location为要重定向到的地址,就可以实现请求重定向操作了。
(2)为了方便进行请求重定向操作,response提供了response.sendRedirec("....");实现请求重定向。
(3)在大部分情况下请求重定向和转发的效果是差不多的,这时候我们推荐使用转发,以减少对服务器的访问。
(4)而在某些情况下是需要使用转发的,目的往往是为了改变浏览器地址栏里的地址(如登录成功后转到主页),和更改刷新操作(如加入商品到购物车后转到购物车页面的操作)
/** * * @project_name Day04 * @class_name Demo1 * @author Dovinya * @data 2014-8-10 下午03:22:30 * @version 1 * @notes 演示response实现的请求重定向(重定向是两次请求和两次响应) */ public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // response.setStatus(302); // response.setHeader("Location", "http://www.baidu.com"); //上面两行代码相当于下面这一句,会默认把状态码设置为302 response.sendRedirect("/servlet/Demo6"); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
参考以下代码:(Demo1请求转发到Demo2)
Demo1.java
public class Demo1 extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //如果下面这一行不注释掉,就会发生异常,因为请求转发每次只有一个response和request,只能获取outputstream和writer其中之一 //相反,如果用到了请求重定向,就不会发生这种错误,以为请求转发会有两个request和两个response对象 // response.getWriter(); // response.getOutputStream();//不可以一起用的 //请求转发 this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/Demo2").forward(request, response); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }Demo2.java
public class Demo2 extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.getOutputStream(); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
6.拓展案例:使用response实现html页面的验证码图片显示
Servlet页面:
/** * * @project_name Day04 * @class_name ValiImage * @author Dovinya * @data 2014-8-10 下午03:54:13 * @version 1 * @notes 演示输出验证码图片 */ public class ValiImage extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //设置不让验证码图片缓存 response.setIntHeader("Expires", -1); response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); // 1.在内存中构建出一张图片 int height = 30; int width = 120; BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); // 2.获取图像上的画布 Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) img.getGraphics(); // 3.设置背景颜色 g.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY); g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); // 4.设置边框 g.setColor(Color.blue); g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1); // 5.画干扰线--5条 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawLine(randNum(0, width), randNum(0, height),randNum(0, width), randNum(0, height)); } // 6.写字 //常用汉字的Unicode码表 String base = "\u7684\u4e00\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e0a\u7740\u4e2a\u5730\u5230\u5927\u91cc\u8bf4\u5c31\u53bb\u5b50\u5f97\u4e5f\u548c\u90a3\u8981\u4e0b\u770b\u5929\u65f6\u8fc7\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e48\u8d77\u4f60\u90fd\u628a\u597d\u8fd8\u591a\u6ca1\u4e3a\u53c8\u53ef\u5bb6\u5b66\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f1a\u6837\u5e74\u60f3\u751f\u540c\u8001\u4e2d\u5341\u4ece\u81ea\u9762\u524d\u5934\u9053\u5b83\u540e\u7136\u8d70\u5f88\u50cf\u89c1\u4e24\u7528\u5979\u56fd\u52a8\u8fdb\u6210\u56de\u4ec0\u8fb9\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5f00\u800c\u5df1\u4e9b\u73b0\u5c71\u6c11\u5019\u7ecf\u53d1\u5de5\u5411\u4e8b\u547d\u7ed9\u957f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e49\u4e09\u58f0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u624b\u77e5\u7406\u773c\u5fd7\u70b9\u5fc3\u6218\u4e8c\u95ee\u4f46\u8eab\u65b9\u5b9e\u5403\u505a\u53eb\u5f53\u4f4f\u542c\u9769\u6253\u5462\u771f\u5168\u624d\u56db\u5df2\u6240\u654c\u4e4b\u6700\u5149\u4ea7\u60c5\u8def\u5206\u603b\u6761\u767d\u8bdd\u4e1c\u5e2d\u6b21\u4eb2\u5982\u88ab\u82b1\u53e3\u653e\u513f\u5e38\u6c14\u4e94\u7b2c\u4f7f\u5199\u519b\u5427\u6587\u8fd0\u518d\u679c\u600e\u5b9a\u8bb8\u5feb\u660e\u884c\u56e0\u522b\u98de\u5916\u6811\u7269\u6d3b\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u5f80\u8239\u671b\u65b0\u5e26\u961f\u5148\u529b\u5b8c\u5374\u7ad9\u4ee3\u5458\u673a\u66f4\u4e5d\u60a8\u6bcf\u98ce\u7ea7\u8ddf\u7b11\u554a\u5b69\u4e07\u5c11\u76f4\u610f\u591c\u6bd4\u9636\u8fde\u8f66\u91cd\u4fbf\u6597\u9a6c\u54ea\u5316\u592a\u6307\u53d8\u793e\u4f3c\u58eb\u8005\u5e72\u77f3\u6ee1\u65e5\u51b3\u767e\u539f\u62ff\u7fa4\u7a76\u5404\u516d\u672c\u601d\u89e3\u7acb\u6cb3\u6751\u516b\u96be\u65e9\u8bba\u5417\u6839\u5171\u8ba9\u76f8\u7814\u4eca\u5176\u4e66\u5750\u63a5\u5e94\u5173\u4fe1\u89c9\u6b65\u53cd\u5904\u8bb0\u5c06\u5343\u627e\u4e89\u9886\u6216\u5e08\u7ed3\u5757\u8dd1\u8c01\u8349\u8d8a\u5b57\u52a0\u811a\u7d27\u7231\u7b49\u4e60\u9635\u6015\u6708\u9752\u534a\u706b\u6cd5\u9898\u5efa\u8d76\u4f4d\u5531\u6d77\u4e03\u5973\u4efb\u4ef6\u611f\u51c6\u5f20\u56e2\u5c4b\u79bb\u8272\u8138\u7247\u79d1\u5012\u775b\u5229\u4e16\u521a\u4e14\u7531\u9001\u5207\u661f\u5bfc\u665a\u8868\u591f\u6574\u8ba4\u54cd\u96ea\u6d41\u672a\u573a\u8be5\u5e76\u5e95\u6df1\u523b\u5e73\u4f1f\u5fd9\u63d0\u786e\u8fd1\u4eae\u8f7b\u8bb2\u519c\u53e4\u9ed1\u544a\u754c\u62c9\u540d\u5440\u571f\u6e05\u9633\u7167\u529e\u53f2\u6539\u5386\u8f6c\u753b\u9020\u5634\u6b64\u6cbb\u5317\u5fc5\u670d\u96e8\u7a7f\u5185\u8bc6\u9a8c\u4f20\u4e1a\u83dc\u722c\u7761\u5174\u5f62\u91cf\u54b1\u89c2\u82e6\u4f53\u4f17\u901a\u51b2\u5408\u7834\u53cb\u5ea6\u672f\u996d\u516c\u65c1\u623f\u6781\u5357\u67aa\u8bfb\u6c99\u5c81\u7ebf\u91ce\u575a\u7a7a\u6536\u7b97\u81f3\u653f\u57ce\u52b3\u843d\u94b1\u7279\u56f4\u5f1f\u80dc\u6559\u70ed\u5c55\u5305\u6b4c\u7c7b\u6e10\u5f3a\u6570\u4e61\u547c\u6027\u97f3\u7b54\u54e5\u9645\u65e7\u795e\u5ea7\u7ae0\u5e2e\u5566\u53d7\u7cfb\u4ee4\u8df3\u975e\u4f55\u725b\u53d6\u5165\u5cb8\u6562\u6389\u5ffd\u79cd\u88c5\u9876\u6025\u6797\u505c\u606f\u53e5\u533a\u8863\u822c\u62a5\u53f6\u538b\u6162\u53d4\u80cc\u7ec6"; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { g.setColor(new Color(randNum(0, 200), randNum(0, 255), randNum(0,255))); g.setFont(new Font("黑体", Font.BOLD, 20)); int r = randNum(-45, 45); g.rotate(1.0*r/180*Math.PI, 5 + i * 30, 25); g.drawString(base.charAt(randNum(0, base.length()-1))+"", 5 + i * 30, 25); g.rotate(-1.0*r/180*Math.PI, 5 + i * 30, 25); } // 将图片输出到浏览器 ImageIO.write(img, "jpg", response.getOutputStream()); } private Random rand = new Random(); private int randNum(int begin, int end) { return rand.nextInt(end - begin) + begin; } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>regist.html</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"> <script type="text/javascript"> function changeImg(img){ img.src="/Day04/servlet/ValiImage?time="+new Date().getTime(); } </script> </head> <body> <form action="#" method="POST"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/> <br> 密码: <input type="password" name="password"/><br> 验证码:<input type="text" name="valistr"/><br> <img alt="验证码" src="/Day04/servlet/ValiImage" style="cursor:pointer" onclick="changeImg(this)" ><br> <input type="submit" value="注册"/> </form> </body> </html>
ServletResponse使用方法,布布扣,bubuko.com
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/dwyers/article/details/38493783