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1 前言
1) What I hear, I forget; What I see,I remember; What I do, I underStand.
2) 理解硬件、软件、编译器、操作系统之间如何交互，透彻理解计算机的内部工作原理。
3) 本书需要的工具和资源下载地址：http://www.nand2tetris.org/software.php
4) 本书涵盖内容
2 基本逻辑门实现
1) Not
/**
* Not gate:
* out = not in
*/
CHIP Not {
IN in;
OUT out;
PARTS:
Nand(a=in,b=in,out=out);
}
2) And
/**
* And gate:
* out = 1 if (a == 1 and b == 1)
* 0 otherwise
*/
CHIP And {
IN a, b;
OUT out;
PARTS:
Nand(a=a,b=b,out=tp1);
Nand(a=tp1,b=tp1,out=out);
}
3) Or
/**
* Or gate:
* out = 1 if (a == 1 or b == 1)
* 0 otherwise
*/
CHIP Or {
IN a, b;
OUT out;
PARTS:
Nand(a=a,b=a,out=tp1);
Nand(a=b,b=b,out=tp2);
Nand(a=tp1,b=tp2,out=out);
}
4) Xor
/**
* Exclusive-or gate:
* out = not (a == b)
*/
CHIP Xor {
IN a, b;
OUT out;
PARTS:
Not(in=a,out=na);
Not(in=b,out=nb);
And(a=a,b=nb,out=tp1);
And(a=na,b=b,out=tp2);
Or(a=tp1,b=tp2,out=out);
}
5) Mux
/**
* Multiplexor:
* out = a if sel == 0
* b otherwise
*/
CHIP Mux {
IN a, b, sel;
OUT out;
PARTS:
Not(in=sel,out=nsel);
And(a=a,b=nsel,out=tp1);
And(a=b,b=sel,out=tp2);
Or(a=tp1,b=tp2,out=out);
}
6) Dmux
/**
* Demultiplexor:
* {a, b} = {in, 0} if sel == 0
* {0, in} if sel == 1
*/
CHIP DMux {
IN in, sel;
OUT a, b;
PARTS:
Not(in=sel,out=nsel);
And(a=in,b=nsel,out=a);
And(a=in,b=sel,out=b);
}
3 多位基本门
1) Not16
/**
* 16-bit Not:
* for i=0..15: out[i] = not in[i]
*/
CHIP Not16 {
IN in[16];
OUT out[16];
PARTS:
Not(in=in[0],out=out[0]);
Not(in=in[1],out=out[1]);
Not(in=in[2],out=out[2]);
Not(in=in[3],out=out[3]);
Not(in=in[4],out=out[4]);
Not(in=in[5],out=out[5]);
Not(in=in[6],out=out[6]);
Not(in=in[7],out=out[7]);
Not(in=in[8],out=out[8]);
Not(in=in[9],out=out[9]);
Not(in=in[10],out=out[10]);
Not(in=in[11],out=out[11]);
Not(in=in[12],out=out[12]);
Not(in=in[13],out=out[13]);
Not(in=in[14],out=out[14]);
Not(in=in[15],out=out[15]);
}
2) And16
/**
* 16-bit bitwise And:
* for i = 0..15: out[i] = (a[i] and b[i])
*/
CHIP And16 {
IN a[16], b[16];
OUT out[16];
PARTS:
And(a=a[0],b=b[0],out=out[0]);
And(a=a[1],b=b[1],out=out[1]);
And(a=a[2],b=b[2],out=out[2]);
And(a=a[3],b=b[3],out=out[3]);
And(a=a[4],b=b[4],out=out[4]);
And(a=a[5],b=b[5],out=out[5]);
And(a=a[6],b=b[6],out=out[6]);
And(a=a[7],b=b[7],out=out[7]);
And(a=a[8],b=b[8],out=out[8]);
And(a=a[9],b=b[9],out=out[9]);
And(a=a[10],b=b[10],out=out[10]);
And(a=a[11],b=b[11],out=out[11]);
And(a=a[12],b=b[12],out=out[12]);
And(a=a[13],b=b[13],out=out[13]);
And(a=a[14],b=b[14],out=out[14]);
And(a=a[15],b=b[15],out=out[15]);
}
3) Or16
/**
* 16-bit bitwise Or:
* for i = 0..15 out[i] = (a[i] or b[i])
*/
CHIP Or16 {
IN a[16], b[16];
OUT out[16];
PARTS:
Or(a=a[0],b=b[0],out=out[0]);
Or(a=a[1],b=b[1],out=out[1]);
Or(a=a[2],b=b[2],out=out[2]);
Or(a=a[3],b=b[3],out=out[3]);
Or(a=a[4],b=b[4],out=out[4]);
Or(a=a[5],b=b[5],out=out[5]);
Or(a=a[6],b=b[6],out=out[6]);
Or(a=a[7],b=b[7],out=out[7]);
Or(a=a[8],b=b[8],out=out[8]);
Or(a=a[9],b=b[9],out=out[9]);
Or(a=a[10],b=b[10],out=out[10]);
Or(a=a[11],b=b[11],out=out[11]);
Or(a=a[12],b=b[12],out=out[12]);
Or(a=a[13],b=b[13],out=out[13]);
Or(a=a[14],b=b[14],out=out[14]);
Or(a=a[15],b=b[15],out=out[15]);
}
4) Mux16
/**
* 16-bit multiplexor:
* for i = 0..15 out[i] = a[i] if sel == 0
* b[i] if sel == 1
*/
CHIP Mux16 {
IN a[16], b[16], sel;
OUT out[16];
PARTS:
Mux(a=a[0],b=b[0],sel=sel,out=out[0]);
Mux(a=a[1],b=b[1],sel=sel,out=out[1]);
Mux(a=a[2],b=b[2],sel=sel,out=out[2]);
Mux(a=a[3],b=b[3],sel=sel,out=out[3]);
Mux(a=a[4],b=b[4],sel=sel,out=out[4]);
Mux(a=a[5],b=b[5],sel=sel,out=out[5]);
Mux(a=a[6],b=b[6],sel=sel,out=out[6]);
Mux(a=a[7],b=b[7],sel=sel,out=out[7]);
Mux(a=a[8],b=b[8],sel=sel,out=out[8]);
Mux(a=a[9],b=b[9],sel=sel,out=out[9]);
Mux(a=a[10],b=b[10],sel=sel,out=out[10]);
Mux(a=a[11],b=b[11],sel=sel,out=out[11]);
Mux(a=a[12],b=b[12],sel=sel,out=out[12]);
Mux(a=a[13],b=b[13],sel=sel,out=out[13]);
Mux(a=a[14],b=b[14],sel=sel,out=out[14]);
Mux(a=a[15],b=b[15],sel=sel,out=out[15]);
}
4 多通道逻辑门
1) Or8Way
/**
* 8-way Or:
* out = (in[0] or in[1] or ... or in[7])
*/
CHIP Or8Way {
IN in[8];
OUT out;
PARTS:
Or(a=in[0],b=in[1],out=tp1);
Or(a=in[2],b=in[3],out=tp2);
Or(a=in[4],b=in[5],out=tp3);
Or(a=in[6],b=in[7],out=tp4);
Or(a=tp1,b=tp2,out=tp5);
Or(a=tp3,b=tp4,out=tp6);
Or(a=tp5,b=tp6,out=out);
}
2) Mux4Way16
/**
* 4-way 16-bit multiplexor:
* out = a if sel == 00
* b if sel == 01
* c if sel == 10
* d if sel == 11
*/
CHIP Mux4Way16 {
IN a[16], b[16], c[16], d[16], sel[2];
OUT out[16];
PARTS:
Mux16(a=a,b=b,sel=sel[0],out=tp1);
Mux16(a=c,b=d,sel=sel[0],out=tp2);
Mux16(a=tp1,b=tp2,sel=sel[1],out=out);
}
3) Mux8Way16
/**
* 8-way 16-bit multiplexor:
* out = a if sel == 000
* b if sel == 001
* etc.
* h if sel == 111
*/
CHIP Mux8Way16 {
IN a[16], b[16], c[16], d[16],
e[16], f[16], g[16], h[16],
sel[3];
OUT out[16];
PARTS:
Mux4Way16(a=a,b=b,c=c,d=d,sel=sel[0..1],out=tp1);
Mux4Way16(a=e,b=f,c=g,d=h,sel=sel[0..1],out=tp2);
Mux16(a=tp1,b=tp2,sel=sel[2],out=out);
}
4) DMux4Way
/**
* 4-way demultiplexor:
* {a, b, c, d} = {in, 0, 0, 0} if sel == 00
* {0, in, 0, 0} if sel == 01
* {0, 0, in, 0} if sel == 10
* {0, 0, 0, in} if sel == 11
*/
CHIP DMux4Way {
IN in, sel[2];
OUT a, b, c, d;
PARTS:
Not(in=sel[0],out=nsel0);
Not(in=sel[1],out=nsel1);
And(a=in,b=nsel0,out=a1);
And(a=a1,b=nsel1,out=a);
And(a=in,b=sel[0],out=b1);
And(a=b1,b=nsel1,out=b);
And(a=in,b=nsel0,out=c1);
And(a=c1,b=sel[1],out=c);
And(a=in,b=sel[0],out=d1);
And(a=d1,b=sel[1],out=d);
}
5) DMux8Way
/**
* 8-way demultiplexor:
* {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h} = {in, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0} if sel == 000
* {0, in, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0} if sel == 001
* etc.
* {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, in} if sel == 111
*/
CHIP DMux8Way {
IN in, sel[3];
OUT a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
PARTS:
DMux4Way(in=in,sel=sel[0..1],a=a1,b=b1,c=c1,d=d1);
DMux4Way(in=in,sel=sel[0..1],a=e1,b=f1,c=g1,d=h1);
Not(in=sel[2],out=nsel2);
And(a=a1,b=nsel2,out=a);
And(a=b1,b=nsel2,out=b);
And(a=c1,b=nsel2,out=c);
And(a=d1,b=nsel2,out=d);
And(a=e1,b=sel[2],out=e);
And(a=f1,b=sel[2],out=f);
And(a=g1,b=sel[2],out=g);
And(a=h1,b=sel[2],out=h);
}
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/way19/p/5936685.html
