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In the Quicksort challenges, you sorted an entire array. Sometimes, you just need specific information about a list of numbers, and doing a full sort would be unnecessary. Can you figure out a way to use your partition code to find the median in an array?
Challenge
Given a list of numbers, can you find the median?
Input Format
There will be two lines of input:
Output Format
Output one integer, the median.
Constraints
1<= n <= 1000001
-10000 <= x <= 10000 , x ∈ ar
There will be an odd number of elements.
题解：久闻Partition函数可以用来找到乱序数组的中位数，今天终于实现了一把。
设置一个变量need为数组长度的一半，另一个变量hasFound为当前比找到的比中位数小的数的个数，当hasFound=need的时候，我们就找到了中位数。
在每次Partition后，看比pivot小的那部分数组有多少个元素，如果hasFound加上这部分元素正好等于need，那么pivot就是所求的中位数。如果hasFound加上这部分元素大于need，说明比pivot小的这部分数组需要继续划分，递归的调用Partition；如果hasFound加上这部分元素小于need，那么就把这部分元素个数加到hasFound上，并且继续划分比pivot大的那部分数组。
例如数组：3 1 4 5 2，找中位数的过程如下图所示：
代码如下：
1 import java.util.*; 2 3 public class Solution { 4 private static int need = 0; 5 private static int hasFound = 0; 6 7 private static void swap(int[] ar,int i,int j){ 8 int temp = ar[i]; 9 ar[i]= ar[j]; 10 ar[j]=temp; 11 } 12 private static int Partition(int[] ar,int start,int end){ 13 int pivot = ar[end]; 14 int i = start; 15 int j = start; 16 while(i < end){ 17 if(ar[i] >= pivot) 18 i++; 19 else if(ar[i] < pivot){ 20 swap(ar,i,j); 21 i++; 22 j++; 23 } 24 } 25 swap(ar, j, end); 26 if(hasFound+j-start+1==need) 27 return pivot; 28 else if(hasFound+j-start+1<need){ 29 hasFound += j-start+1; 30 return Partition(ar, j+1, end); 31 } 32 else { 33 return Partition(ar, start, j-1); 34 } 35 36 } 37 38 public static void main(String[] args) { 39 Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); 40 int n = in.nextInt(); 41 need = n%2==0?n/2:n/2+1; 42 int[] ar = new int[n]; 43 44 for(int i = 0;i < n;i ++) 45 ar[i] = in.nextInt(); 46 System.out.println(Partition(ar, 0, n-1)); 47 48 } 49 }
以上代码就很容易扩展到找寻数组中第k小的数了，只要改变need变量的值即可。
【HackerRank】Find the Median(Partition找到数组中位数),布布扣,bubuko.com
【HackerRank】Find the Median(Partition找到数组中位数)
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/sunshineatnoon/p/3913148.html
