标签:des style blog http java os io for
解决的问题是:我有一个类A,里面可能须要非常多不同行为的功能。
如今有三种解决方法,第一种:每一个功能都弄成一个类,然后继承类A,这样的的问题是,假设功能非常多,会造成类爆炸。
另外一种:我将功能类组合上类A上,这样的想法是好的,但还没够弹性,由于这样我没法在不改动类A的情况下对功能的动态添删。(我的目的就是在不改动类A的情况下,对类A进行功能扩展)
第三种:就是我要说的装饰者模式。
举个样例,我有一个饮品店,我有非常多饮料,也有非常多调料,我通过对饮料搭配不同种类和不同数量的调料,来组合成我的饮品。对吧,由于有非常多种组合,所以这里须要动态组合。
所以我须要一个被装饰者类(饮料和调料的总类,即须要被装饰的内核类):
public abstract class Beverage {
String description = "Unknown Beverage";
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public abstract double cost();
}
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
public abstract String getDescription();
}
public class Espresso extends Beverage {
public Espresso() {
description = "Espresso";
}
public double cost() {
return 1.99;
}
}
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
public HouseBlend() {
description = "House Blend Coffee";
}
public double cost() {
return .89;
}
}
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
}
public double cost() {
return .20 + beverage.cost();
}
}public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Whip";
}
public double cost() {
return .10 + beverage.cost();
}
}
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage;
public Soy(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
}
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ", Soy";
}
public double cost() {
return .15 + beverage.cost();
}
}
public class StarbuzzCoffee {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()
+ " $" + beverage.cost());
Beverage beverage2 = new DarkRoast();
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);/*这里就解析了为什么我须要饮料和调料同一类型了。如果不同的类型,我如果饮料为A类(被装饰者),调料为B类,我第一次装饰时,我实例化后,那个被装饰者就变成B类型的,我在此基础上再装饰还有一个调料,由于我须要传一个A类型的进去,但我的已经变成B类型了,所以就不能再装饰第二次了。同类型的就解决问题了*/
beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()
+ " $" + beverage2.cost());
Beverage beverage3 = new HouseBlend();
beverage3 = new Soy(beverage3);
beverage3 = new Mocha(beverage3);
beverage3 = new Whip(beverage3);
System.out.println(beverage3.getDescription()
+ " $" + beverage3.cost());
}
}
还记得java中的i/o流不,没错,java.io类就是用装饰者模式的。记得大一时初次学java,看i/o流这部分最烦了,也不懂它的原理,它的类也非常多。如今知道它的运作了:
以InputStream为例,它的“饮料”有FileInputStream,StringBufferInputStream,ByteArrayInputStream,
它的“调料”总类是:FilterInputStream,
装饰者是:BufferedInputStream,DataInputStream,LineNumberInputStream等。
我来自己写一个i/o的装饰者类来加深理解吧:
import java.io.*;
public class LowerCaseInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
public LowerCaseInputStream(InputStream in) {
super(in);
}
public int read() throws IOException {
int c = super.read();
return (c == -1 ? c : Character.toLowerCase((char)c));
}
public int read(byte[] b, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
int result = super.read(b, offset, len);
for (int i = offset; i < offset+result; i++) {
b[i] = (byte)Character.toLowerCase((char)b[i]);
}
return result;
}
}
import java.io.*;
public class InputTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
int c;
try {
InputStream in =
new LowerCaseInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("test.txt")));
while((c = in.read()) >= 0) {
System.out.print((char)c);
}
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
很多其它设计模式解说,关注我吧,我会不时地更新,还有我还会发一些其它如java方法、框架、Linux等一些的心得,我会努力成为大神,并帮助大家一起成为大神的。
标签:des style blog http java os io for
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/mfrbuaa/p/3916467.html