标签：ceph
ceph介绍
Ceph是统一存储系统，支持三种接口。
Object：有原生的API，而且也兼容Swift和S3的API
Block：支持精简配置、快照、克隆
File：Posix接口，支持快照
Ceph也是分布式存储系统，它的特点是：
高扩展性：使用普通x86服务器，支持10~1000台服务器，支持TB到PB级的扩展。
高可靠性：没有单点故障，多数据副本，自动管理，自动修复。
高性能：数据分布均衡，并行化度高。对于objects storage和block storage,不需要元数据服务器。
ceph架构
组件
Ceph的底层是RADOS，它的意思是“A reliable, autonomous, distributed object storage”。 RADOS由两个组件组成：
OSD： Object Storage Device，提供存储资源。
Monitor：维护整个Ceph集群的全局状态。
环境：三台装有Centos7的 主机，每个主机有三个磁盘（虚拟机磁盘要大于100G）
[root@mon-1 cluster]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@mon-1 cluster]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 18.5G 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 200G 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 200G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 603M 0 rom
修改主机名并添加hosts
vim /etc/hostname #由于7和6.5修改主机名的方法不一样，这里举个例子 mon-1 [root@osd-1 ceph-osd-1]# cat /etc/hosts 192.168.50.123 mon-1 192.168.50.124 osd-1 192.168.50.125 osd-2
配置ssh无密码登陆
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ‘‘ Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 62:b0:4c:aa:e5:37:92:89:4d:db:c3:38:e2:f1:2a:d6 root@admin-node The key‘s randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | | | | | o | | + o | | + o o S | | B B . . | |+.@ * | |oooE o | |oo.. | +-----------------+ ssh-copy-id mon-1 ssh-copy-id osd-1 ssh-copy-id osd-2
2.集群配置
主机IP功能
3.环境清理
如果之前部署失败了，不必删除ceph客户端，或者重新搭建虚拟机，只需要在每个节点上执行如下指令即可将环境清理至刚安装完ceph客户端时的状态！强烈建议在旧集群上搭建之前清理干净环境，否则会发生各种异常情况。
ps aux|grep ceph |awk ‘{print $2}‘|xargs kill -9
ps -ef|grep ceph
#确保此时所有ceph进程都已经关闭！！！如果没有关闭，多执行几次。
umount /var/lib/ceph/osd/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/osd/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mon/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mds/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mon/*
rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/tmp/*
rm -rf /etc/ceph/*
rm -rf /var/run/ceph/*安装部署流程
yum源及ceph的安装
需要在每个主机上执行以下命令
yum clean all rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo sed -i ‘/aliyuncs/d‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo sed -i ‘/aliyuncs/d‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7.2.1511/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
增加ceph源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo [ceph] name=ceph baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0 [ceph-noarch] name=cephnoarch baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/noarch/ gpgcheck=0
安装ceph客户端
yum -y install ceph ceph-radosgw ntp ntpdate 关闭selinux和firewalld sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/‘ /etc/selinux/config #重启机器 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
同步各个节点时间：
ntpdate -s time-a.nist.gov echo ntpdate -s time-a.nist.gov >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local echo "01 01 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -s time-a.nist.gov >> /dev/null 2>&1" >> /etc/crontab
开始部署
在部署节点(mon-1)安装ceph-deploy，下文的部署节点统一指mon-1:
[root@mon-1 ~]# yum -y install ceph-deploy [root@mon-1 ~]# ceph-deploy --version 1.5.36 [root@mon-1 ~]# ceph -v ceph version 10.2.3 (ecc23778eb545d8dd55e2e4735b53cc93f92e65b)
在部署节点创建部署目录
[root@mon-1 ~]# mkdir cluster [root@mon-1 ~]# cd cluster [root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy new mon-1 osd-1 osd-2 [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (1.5.36): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy new mon-1 osd-1 osd-2 [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function new at 0x1803230> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x186d440> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ssh_copykey : True [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] mon : [‘mon-1‘, ‘osd-1‘, ‘osd-2‘] [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] public_network : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster_network : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] fsid : None [ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Creating new cluster named ceph [ceph_deploy.new][INFO ] making sure passwordless SSH succeeds [ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Writing initial config to ceph.conf... #如果能准确无误的走到这一步就算成功了
目录内容如下
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197 Dec 6 02:24 ceph.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2921 Dec 6 02:24 ceph-deploy-ceph.log -rw------- 1 root root 73 Dec 6 02:24 ceph.mon.keyring
根据自己的IP配置向ceph.conf中添加public_network，并稍微增大mon之间时差允许范围(默认为0.05s，现改为2s)：
[root@mon-1 cluster]# echo public_network=192.168.50.0/24 >>ceph.conf [root@mon-1 cluster]# echo mon_clock_drift_allowed = 2 >> ceph.conf [root@mon-1 cluster]# cat ceph.conf [global] fsid = 0865fe85-1655-4208-bed6-274cae945746 mon_initial_members = mon-1, osd-1, osd-2 mon_host = 192.168.50.123,192.168.50.124,192.168.50.125 auth_cluster_required = cephx auth_service_required = cephx auth_client_required = cephx public_network=192.168.50.0/24 mon_clock_drift_allowed = 2
部署监控节点
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy mon create-initial [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (1.5.36): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy mon create-initial [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] subcommand : create-initial [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x2023fc8> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function mon at 0x201d140> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] keyrings : None [ceph_deploy.mon][DEBUG ] Deploying mon, cluster ceph hosts mon-1 osd-1 osd-2 ......省略 [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO ] Storing ceph.client.admin.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO ] Storing ceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO ] keyring ‘ceph.mon.keyring‘ already exists [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO ] Storing ceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO ] Storing ceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring [ceph_deploy.gatherkeys][INFO ] Destroy temp directory /tmp/tmpVLiIFr
目录内容如下
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ll total 76 -rw------- 1 root root 113 Dec 6 22:49 ceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring -rw------- 1 root root 113 Dec 6 22:49 ceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring -rw------- 1 root root 113 Dec 6 22:49 ceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring -rw------- 1 root root 129 Dec 6 22:49 ceph.client.admin.keyring -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 300 Dec 6 22:47 ceph.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50531 Dec 6 22:49 ceph-deploy-ceph.log -rw------- 1 root root 73 Dec 6 22:46 ceph.mon.keyring
查看集群状态
[root@mon-1 ceph]# ceph -s
cluster 1b27aaf2-8b29-49b1-b50e-7ccb1f72d1fa
health HEALTH_ERR
no osds
monmap e1: 1 mons at {mon-1=192.168.50.123:6789/0}
election epoch 3, quorum 0 mon-1
osdmap e1: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
flags sortbitwise
pgmap v2: 64 pgs, 1 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
0 kB used, 0 kB / 0 kB avail
64 creating开始部署OSD：
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf osd prepare mon-1:/dev/sdb mon-1:/dev/sdc mon-1:/dev/sdd osd-1:/dev/sdb osd-1:/dev/sdc osd-1:/dev/sdd osd-2:/dev/sdb osd-2:/dev/sdc osd-2:/dev/sdd --zap-disk 这里如果部署osd-2有问题，就删除程序和目录，重新分区以后成功创建osd-2 ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf osd prepare osd-2:/dev/sdb osd-2:/dev/sdc osd-2:/dev/sdd
[root@mon-1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 18.5G 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0 └─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1 └─sdc2 8:34 0 5G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdd1 8:49 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-2 └─sdd2 8:50 0 5G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 603M 0 rom [root@osd-1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 18.5G 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-3 └─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-4 └─sdc2 8:34 0 5G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdd1 8:49 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-5 └─sdd2 8:50 0 5G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 603M 0 rom [root@osd-2 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 18.5G 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-6 └─sdb2 8:18 0 5G 0 part sdc 8:32 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdc1 8:33 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-7 └─sdc2 8:34 0 5G 0 part sdd 8:48 0 2T 0 disk ├─sdd1 8:49 0 2T 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-8 └─sdd2 8:50 0 5G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 603M 0 rom
这里有个WARN，去掉这个WARN只需要增加rbd池的PG就好
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph osd pool set rbd pg_num 128
set pool 0 pg_num to 128
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph osd pool set rbd pgp_num 128
set pool 0 pgp_num to 128
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph -s
cluster 0865fe85-1655-4208-bed6-274cae945746
health HEALTH_OK
monmap e3: 2 mons at {mon-1=192.168.50.123:6789/0,osd-1=192.168.50.124:6789/0}
election epoch 30, quorum 0,1 mon-1,osd-1
osdmap e58: 9 osds: 9 up, 9 in
flags sortbitwise
pgmap v161: 128 pgs, 1 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
310 MB used, 18377 GB / 18378 GB avail
128 active+clean给各个节点推送config配置
请不要直接修改某个节点的/etc/ceph/ceph.conf文件的，而是要去部署节点(此处为ceph-1:/root/cluster/ceph.conf)目录下修改。因为节点到几十个的时候，不可能一个个去修改的，采用推送的方式快捷安全！
修改完毕后，执行如下指令，将conf文件推送至各个节点：
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push mon-1 osd-1 osd-2
[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /root/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (1.5.36): /usr/bin/ceph-deploy admin mon-1 osd-1 osd-2
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x1a34e18>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] client : [‘mon-1‘, ‘osd-1‘, ‘osd-2‘]
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function admin at 0x1964f50>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False
[ceph_deploy.admin][DEBUG ] Pushing admin keys and conf to mon-1
[mon-1][DEBUG ] connected to host: mon-1
[mon-1][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[mon-1][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[mon-1][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push ceph-1 ceph-2 ceph-3
[ceph_deploy.admin][DEBUG ] Pushing admin keys and conf to osd-1
[osd-1][DEBUG ] connected to host: osd-1
[osd-1][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[osd-1][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[osd-1][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[ceph_deploy.admin][DEBUG ] Pushing admin keys and conf to osd-2
[osd-2][DEBUG ] connected to host: osd-2
[osd-2][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[osd-2][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[osd-2][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf此时，需要重启各个节点的monitor服务
mon和osd的启动方式
#mon-1为各个monitor所在节点的主机名。 systemctl start ceph-mon@mon-1.service systemctl restart ceph-mon@mon-1.service systemctl stop ceph-mon@mon-1.service #0为该节点的OSD的id，可以通过`ceph osd tree`查看 systemctl start/stop/restart ceph-osd@0.service
遇到的报错
1. Monitor clock skew detected
http://www.iyunv.com/thread-157755-1-1.html
1. Monitor clock skew detected
[root@mon-1 cluster]# ceph -s cluster f25ad2c5-fd2a-4fcc-a522-344eb498fee5 health HEALTH_ERR clock skew detected on mon.osd-2 64 pgs are stuck inactive for more than 300 seconds 64 pgs stuck inactive no osds Monitor clock skew detected
添加配置参数：
vim /etc/ceph/ceph.conf mon clock drift allowed = 2 mon clock drift warn backoff = 30
同步配置文件
ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf admin osd-1 osd-2
重启mon服务
systemctl restart ceph-mon@osd-2.service
问题总结：
本问题主要是mon节点服务器，时间偏差比较大导致，本次遇到问题为测试环境，通过修改ceph对时间偏差阀值，规避的告警信息，线上业务环境，注意排查服务器时间同步问题。
参考网址：
http://xuxiaopang.com/2016/10/09/ceph-quick-install-el7-jewel/
http://bbs.ceph.org.cn/question/205
http://www.docoreos.com/?p=86
http://www.voidcn.com/blog/xiangpingli/article/p-5979182.html
本文出自 “不抛弃！不放弃” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://thedream.blog.51cto.com/6427769/1880378
标签：ceph
原文地址：http://thedream.blog.51cto.com/6427769/1880378
