接口--interface

//: Music5.java
// Interfaces
173
import java.util.*;
interface Instrument5 {
// Compile-time constant:
int i = 5; // static & final
// Cannot have method definitions:
void play(); // Automatically public
String what();
void adjust();
}
class Wind5 implements Instrument5 {
public void play() {
System.out.println("Wind5.play()");
}
public String what() { return "Wind5"; }
public void adjust() {}
}
class Percussion5 implements Instrument5 {
public void play() {
System.out.println("Percussion5.play()");
}
public String what() { return "Percussion5"; }
public void adjust() {}
}
class Stringed5 implements Instrument5 {
public void play() {
System.out.println("Stringed5.play()");
}
public String what() { return "Stringed5"; }
public void adjust() {}
}
class Brass5 extends Wind5 {
public void play() {
System.out.println("Brass5.play()");
}
public void adjust() {
System.out.println("Brass5.adjust()");
}
}
class Woodwind5 extends Wind5 {
public void play() {
System.out.println("Woodwind5.play()");
}
public String what() { return "Woodwind5"; }
}
public class Music5 {
174
// Doesn‘t care about type, so new types
// added to the system still work right:
static void tune(Instrument5 i) {
// ...
i.play();
}
static void tuneAll(Instrument5[] e) {
for(int i = 0; i < e.length; i++)
tune(e[i]);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Instrument5[] orchestra = new Instrument5[5];
int i = 0;
// Upcasting during addition to the array:
orchestra[i++] = new Wind5();
orchestra[i++] = new Percussion5();
orchestra[i++] = new Stringed5();
orchestra[i++] = new Brass5();
orchestra[i++] = new Woodwind5();
tuneAll(orchestra);
}
} ///:~
代码剩余的部分按相同的方式工作。我们可以自由决定上溯造型到一个名为Instrument5 的“普通”类，一
个名为Instrument5 的“抽象”类，或者一个名为Instrument5 的“接口”。所有行为都是相同的。事实
上，我们在tune()方法中可以发现没有任何证据显示Instrument5 到底是个“普通”类、“抽象”类还是一
个“接口”。这是做是故意的：每种方法都使程序员能对对象的创建与使用进行不同的控制。