fail-fast机制

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/*
 * @desc java集合中Fast-Fail的测试程序。
 *
 *   fast-fail事件产生的条件：当多个线程对Collection进行操作时，若其中某一个线程通过iterator去遍历集合时，该集合的内容被其他线程所改变；则会抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常。
 *   fast-fail解决办法：通过util.concurrent集合包下的相应类去处理，则不会产生fast-fail事件。
 *
 *   本例中，分别测试ArrayList和CopyOnWriteArrayList这两种情况。ArrayList会产生fast-fail事件，而CopyOnWriteArrayList不会产生fast-fail事件。
 *   (01) 使用ArrayList时，会产生fast-fail事件，抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常；定义如下：
 *            private static List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
 *   (02) 使用时CopyOnWriteArrayList，不会产生fast-fail事件；定义如下：
 *            private static List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
 *
 * @author skywang
 */
public class FastFailTest {

    private static List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    //private static List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        // 同时启动两个线程对list进行操作！
        new ThreadOne().start();
        new ThreadTwo().start();
    }

    private static void printAll() {
        System.out.println("");

        String value = null;
        Iterator iter = list.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext()) {
            value = (String)iter.next();
            System.out.print(value+", ");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 向list中依次添加0,1,2,3,4,5，每添加一个数之后，就通过printAll()遍历整个list
     */
    private static class ThreadOne extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            int i = 0;
            while (i<6) {
                list.add(String.valueOf(i));
                printAll();
                i++;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 向list中依次添加10,11,12,13,14,15，每添加一个数之后，就通过printAll()遍历整个list
     */
    private static class ThreadTwo extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            int i = 10;
            while (i<16) {
                list.add(String.valueOf(i));
                printAll();
                i++;
            }
        }
    }

}

package java.util;

public abstract class AbstractList<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> implements List<E> {

    ...

    // AbstractList中唯一的属性
    // 用来记录List修改的次数：每修改一次(添加/删除等操作)，将modCount+1
    protected transient int modCount = 0;

    // 返回List对应迭代器。实际上，是返回Itr对象。
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new Itr();
    }

    // Itr是Iterator(迭代器)的实现类
    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
        int cursor = 0;

        int lastRet = -1;

        // 修改数的记录值。
        // 每次新建Itr()对象时，都会保存新建该对象时对应的modCount；
        // 以后每次遍历List中的元素的时候，都会比较expectedModCount和modCount是否相等；
        // 若不相等，则抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常，产生fail-fast事件。
        int expectedModCount = modCount;

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return cursor != size();
        }

        public E next() {
            // 获取下一个元素之前，都会判断“新建Itr对象时保存的modCount”和“当前的modCount”是否相等；
            // 若不相等，则抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常，产生fail-fast事件。
            checkForComodification();
            try {
                E next = get(cursor);
                lastRet = cursor++;
                return next;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                checkForComodification();
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet == -1)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();

            try {
                AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
                if (lastRet < cursor)
                    cursor--;
                lastRet = -1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }

        final void checkForComodification() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }

    ...
}

package java.util;

public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
        implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{

    ...

    // list中容量变化时，对应的同步函数
    public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
            Object oldData[] = elementData;
            int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1;
            if (newCapacity < minCapacity)
                newCapacity = minCapacity;
            // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
        }
    }


    // 添加元素到队列最后
    public boolean add(E e) {
        // 修改modCount
        ensureCapacity(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }


    // 添加元素到指定的位置
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        if (index > size || index < 0)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
            "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);

        // 修改modCount
        ensureCapacity(size+1);  // Increments modCount!!
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
             size - index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        size++;
    }

    // 添加集合
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        int numNew = a.length;
        // 修改modCount
        ensureCapacity(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount
        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
        size += numNew;
        return numNew != 0;
    }
   

    // 删除指定位置的元素 
    public E remove(int index) {
        RangeCheck(index);

        // 修改modCount
        modCount++;
        E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];

        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work

        return oldValue;
    }


    // 快速删除指定位置的元素 
    private void fastRemove(int index) {

        // 修改modCount
        modCount++;
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work
    }

    // 清空集合
    public void clear() {
        // 修改modCount
        modCount++;

        // Let gc do its work
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            elementData[i] = null;

        size = 0;
    }

    ...
}

public boolean add(T e) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {

        Object[] elements = getArray();

        int len = elements.length;
        // 复制出新数组

        Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
        // 把新元素添加到新数组里

        newElements[len] = e;
        // 把原数组引用指向新数组

        setArray(newElements);

        return true;

    } finally {

        lock.unlock();

    }

}

final void setArray(Object[] a) {
    array = a;
}

package com.ifeve.book;

import java.util.Map;

import com.ifeve.book.forkjoin.CopyOnWriteMap;

/**
 * 黑名单服务
 *
 * @author fangtengfei
 *
 */
public class BlackListServiceImpl {

    private static CopyOnWriteMap<String, Boolean> blackListMap = new CopyOnWriteMap<String, Boolean>(
            1000);

    public static boolean isBlackList(String id) {
        return blackListMap.get(id) == null ? false : true;
    }

    public static void addBlackList(String id) {
        blackListMap.put(id, Boolean.TRUE);
    }

    /**
     * 批量添加黑名单
     *
     * @param ids
     */
    public static void addBlackList(Map<String,Boolean> ids) {
        blackListMap.putAll(ids);
    }

}