标签：开源 and 快捷键 -- 链接 course web 数据 use
原文: http://www.tuicool.com/articles/vy2Ajyu
本文翻译自 Drawing Graphs using Dot and Graphviz
Copyright (C) 2013, 2014 Tony Ballantyne. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
Code in this document is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
DOT是纯文本图像描述语言，对于计算机和人来说，都很容易阅读。
Graphviz是一个开源的图像可视化的软件，所谓图像可视化就是使用一种简单的方法，来将结构化的信息表现成用抽象图片和网络构成的示意图。
这篇文章本来是我写来给自己当速成手册看的。不过现在看起来已经被我弄成给学计算机的学生看的教程了。现在这篇文章可以给任何想通过例子学习DOT的人看。
我博客还有类似的其他文章 TonyBallantyne.com/tech
如果你是想了解关于我作为一名SF and Fantasy writer的工作，但不幸点到这篇文章的话，下面的链接可能就对你比较有用：
如果你要顺着这个教程继续下去，那你可能就需要要装Graphviz套件了。Graphviz可以在 官网 免费下载。
graph graphname {
a -- b;
b -- c;
b -- d;
d -- a;
}
graph graphname {
rankdir=LR; //Rank Direction Left to Right
a -- b;
b -- c;
b -- d;
d -- a;
}
digraph graphname{
a -> b;
b -> c;
a -> c;
}
digraph graphname{
T [label="Teacher"] // node T
P [label="Pupil"] // node P
T->P [label="Instructions", fontcolor=darkgreen] // edge T->P
}
digraph graphname {
T [label="Teacher" color=Blue, fontcolor=Red, fontsize=24, shape=box] // node T
P [label="Pupil" color=Blue, fontcolor=Red, fontsize=24, shape=box] // node P
T->P [label="Instructions", fontcolor=darkgreen] // edge T->P
}
这儿你可以选择的形状有: box , polygon , ellipse , oval , circle , point , egg , triangle , plaintext , diamond , trapezium , parallelogram , house , pentagon , hexagon , septagon , octagon , doublecircle , doubleoctagon , tripleoctagon 更多的形状看 这里
digraph summary{
start [label="Start with a Node"]
next [label="Choose your shape", shape=box]
warning [label="Don‘t go overboard", color=Blue, fontcolor=Red,fontsize=24,style=filled, fillcolor=green,shape=octagon]
end [label="Draw your graph!", shape=box, style=filled, fillcolor=yellow]
start->next
start->warning
next->end [label="Getting Better...", fontcolor=darkblue]
}
单独地去定义每一个节点其实很浪费时间的，下面这个技巧能够让你快点儿。
digraph hierarchy {
nodesep=1.0 // increases the separation between nodes
node [color=Red,fontname=Courier,shape=box] //All nodes will this shape and colour
edge [color=Blue, style=dashed] //All the lines look like this
Headteacher->{Deputy1 Deputy2 BusinessManager}
Deputy1->{Teacher1 Teacher2}
BusinessManager->ITManager
{rank=same;ITManager Teacher1 Teacher2} // Put them on the same level
}
你现在可以用HTML来定义这一类节点了， 这里 有更多相关信息。
digraph structs {
node[shape=record]
struct1 [label="<f0> left|<f1> mid\ dle|<f2> right"];
struct2 [label="{<f0> one|<f1> two\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord];
struct3 [label="hello\nworld |{ b |{c|<here> d|e}| f}| g | h"];
struct1:f1 -> struct2:f0;
struct1:f0 -> struct3:f1;
}
digraph finite_state_machine {
rankdir=LR;
size="8,5"
node [shape = circle];
S0 -> S1 [ label = "Lift Nozzle" ]
S1 -> S0 [ label = "Replace Nozzle" ]
S1 -> S2 [ label = "Authorize Pump" ]
S2 -> S0 [ label = "Replace Nozzle" ]
S2 -> S3 [ label = "Pull Trigger" ]
S3 -> S2 [ label = "Release Trigger" ]
}
digraph dfd{
node[shape=record]
store1 [label="<f0> left|<f1> Some data store"];
proc1 [label="{<f0> 1.0|<f1> Some process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord];
enti1 [label="Customer" shape=box];
store1:f1 -> proc1:f0;
enti1-> proc1:f0;
}
digraph dfd2{
node[shape=record]
subgraph level0{
enti1 [label="Customer" shape=box];
enti2 [label="Manager" shape=box];
}
subgraph cluster_level1{
label ="Level 1";
proc1 [label="{<f0> 1.0|<f1> One process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord];
proc2 [label="{<f0> 2.0|<f1> Other process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord];
store1 [label="<f0> |<f1> Data store one"];
store2 [label="<f0> |<f1> Data store two"];
{rank=same; store1, store2}
}
enti1 -> proc1
enti2 -> proc2
store1 -> proc1
store2 -> proc2
proc1 -> store2
store2 -> proc1
}
digraph obj{
node[shape=record];
rankdir="BT";
teacher [label = "{<f0> Teacher|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
course [label = "{<f0> Course|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
student [label = "{<f0> Student|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
lesson [label = "{<f0> Lesson |<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
tutorial [label = "{<f0> Tutorial|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
assessment[label = "{<f0> Assessment|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
coursework [label = "{<f0> Coursework|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
exam [label = "{<f0> Exam|<f1> \n |<f2> \n }"];
{rank=same; teacher course student}
teacher->course [dir="forward",arrowhead="none",arrowtail="normal",headlabel="1",taillabel="1.."];
student->course [dir="forward",arrowhead="none",arrowtail="normal",headlabel="1",taillabel="1.."];
lesson->course [dir="forward",arrowhead="diamond",arrowtail="normal"];
tutorial->course [dir="forward",arrowhead="diamond",arrowtail="normal"];
assessment->course [dir="forward",arrowhead="diamond",arrowtail="normal"];
coursework->assessment;
exam->assessment;
}
digraph ER{
node[shape=box];
Book;
Customer;
Loan;
{rank=same;Book,Customer,Loan}
Book->Loan[dir="forward",arrowhead="crow",arrowtail="normal"];
Customer->Loan[dir="forward",arrowhead="crow",arrowtail="normal"];
}
以下可能是你在画图时候最有用的一些属性，完整的列表可以在 这里 看。
label="My Graph"; # 给图像设置标签
rankdir=LR; # 将图片由原来的从上到下布局变成从左到右布局
{rank=same; a, b, c } # 将一组元素放到同一个level
splines="line"; # 让边框变为直线，没有曲线和锐角
K=0.6; # 用来在布局中影响spring属性，spring属性可以用于将节点往外推，这个在twopi和sfdp布局中很有用。
[label="Some Label"] # 给交点打标签
[color="red"] # 给交点上色
[fillcolor="blue"] # 设置交点的填充色
[label="Some Label"] # 给边设置标签 (设置路径权重的时候很有用)
[color="red"] # 给交点上色 (标示路径的时候很有用)
[penwidth=2.0] # 给边适配厚度，标示路径的时候很有用。
fixedsize=true;
size="1,1";
resolution=72;
bgcolor="#C6CFD532";
# 不是我偷懒不翻译哦，原文就没有解释。
An Introduction to GraphViz and dot
Graphviz Examples and Tutorial
Emacs的Org Mode不管对于写作，还是执行和导出DOT图片都是个很理想的工作环境。
下载并安装Graphviz，然后把相关路径加到exec-path这个变量里去。
你也要把你的.emacs文件更新成能够把DOT作为babel语言加载，下面这个配置可以很容易的设置DOT为babel语言，其他语言也可以类似操作
(org-babel-do-load-languages
(quote org-babel-load-languages)
(quote
(
(emacs-lisp . t)
(java . t)
(dot . t)
(ditaa . t)
(R . t)
(python . t)
(ruby . t)
(gnuplot . t)
(clojure . t)
(sh . t)
(ledger . t)
(org . t)
(plantuml . t)
(latex . t)
)
)
)
Org Mode通过使用Library of Babel来解析各种语言。要想这么做的话，就用 begin_src 和 end_src 标签把你的dot代码想下面这样包含进去。你也需要在包裹的时候像下面那样添加一些命令行参数。
用 <s[TAB] 快捷键可以快速生成一个 begin_src 代码块。
#+begin_src dot :file ./img/example1.png :cmdline -Kdot -Tpng
graph graphname {
a -- b;
b -- c;
b -- d;
d -- a;
}
#+end_src
#+begin_ src dot :file ./img/example1.png :cmdline -Kdot -Tpng 里的 :cmdline -Kdot -Tpng 就是命令行参数. 他们告诉dot如何渲染和展示。
-Kdot 使用 dot 布局方式. 你也可以尝试其他的布局方式，比如 Kneato , Kcirco , Ktwopi , Kfdp , Ksfdp-Tpng 渲染成png格式完整的命令行参数可以看 这里
Date: <2013-10-21 Mon>
Author: Tony Ballantyne
Translator: Casa Taloyum
Created: 2014-04-12 Sat 10:13
Emacs 23.3.1 (Org mode 8.0.2)
标签：开源 and 快捷键 -- 链接 course web 数据 use
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/YiXiaoZhou/p/6375694.html
