using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class BaggageInfo
{
   private int flightNo;
   private string origin;
   private int location;

   internal BaggageInfo(int flight, string from, int carousel)
   {
      this.flightNo = flight;
      this.origin = from;
      this.location = carousel;
   }

   public int FlightNumber {
      get { return this.flightNo; }
   }

   public string From {
      get { return this.origin; }
   }

   public int Carousel {
      get { return this.location; }
   }
}

public class BaggageHandler : IObservable<BaggageInfo>
{
   private List<IObserver<BaggageInfo>> observers;
   private List<BaggageInfo> flights;

   public BaggageHandler()
   {
      observers = new List<IObserver<BaggageInfo>>();
      flights = new List<BaggageInfo>();
   }

   public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<BaggageInfo> observer)
   {
      // Check whether observer is already registered. If not, add it
      if (! observers.Contains(observer)) {
         observers.Add(observer);
         // Provide observer with existing data.
         foreach (var item in flights)
            observer.OnNext(item);
      }
      return new Unsubscriber<BaggageInfo>(observers, observer);
   }

   // Called to indicate all baggage is now unloaded.
   public void BaggageStatus(int flightNo)
   {
      BaggageStatus(flightNo, String.Empty, 0);
   }

   public void BaggageStatus(int flightNo, string from, int carousel)
   {
      var info = new BaggageInfo(flightNo, from, carousel);

      // Carousel is assigned, so add new info object to list.
      if (carousel > 0 && ! flights.Contains(info)) {
         flights.Add(info);
         foreach (var observer in observers)
            observer.OnNext(info);
      }
      else if (carousel == 0) {
         // Baggage claim for flight is done
         var flightsToRemove = new List<BaggageInfo>();
         foreach (var flight in flights) {
            if (info.FlightNumber == flight.FlightNumber) {
               flightsToRemove.Add(flight);
               foreach (var observer in observers)
                  observer.OnNext(info);
            }
         }
         foreach (var flightToRemove in flightsToRemove)
            flights.Remove(flightToRemove);

         flightsToRemove.Clear();
      }
   }

   public void LastBaggageClaimed()
   {
      foreach (var observer in observers)
         observer.OnCompleted();

      observers.Clear();
   }
}

internal class Unsubscriber<BaggageInfo> : IDisposable
{
   private List<IObserver<BaggageInfo>> _observers;
   private IObserver<BaggageInfo> _observer;

   internal Unsubscriber(List<IObserver<BaggageInfo>> observers, IObserver<BaggageInfo> observer)
   {
      this._observers = observers;
      this._observer = observer;
   }

   public void Dispose() 
   {
      if (_observers.Contains(_observer))
         _observers.Remove(_observer);
   }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class ArrivalsMonitor : IObserver<BaggageInfo>
{
   private string name;
   private List<string> flightInfos = new List<string>();
   private IDisposable cancellation;
   private string fmt = "{0,-20} {1,5}  {2, 3}";

   public ArrivalsMonitor(string name)
   {
      if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
         throw new ArgumentNullException("The observer must be assigned a name.");

      this.name = name;
   }

   public virtual void Subscribe(BaggageHandler provider)
   {
      cancellation = provider.Subscribe(this);
   }

   public virtual void Unsubscribe()
   {
      cancellation.Dispose();
      flightInfos.Clear();
   }

   public virtual void OnCompleted() 
   {
      flightInfos.Clear();
   }

   // No implementation needed: Method is not called by the BaggageHandler class.
   public virtual void OnError(Exception e)
   {
      // No implementation.
   }

   // Update information.
   public virtual void OnNext(BaggageInfo info) 
   {
      bool updated = false;

      // Flight has unloaded its baggage; remove from the monitor.
      if (info.Carousel == 0) {
         var flightsToRemove = new List<string>();
         string flightNo = String.Format("{0,5}", info.FlightNumber);

         foreach (var flightInfo in flightInfos) {
            if (flightInfo.Substring(21, 5).Equals(flightNo)) {
               flightsToRemove.Add(flightInfo);
               updated = true;
            }
         }
         foreach (var flightToRemove in flightsToRemove)
            flightInfos.Remove(flightToRemove);

         flightsToRemove.Clear();
      }
      else {
         // Add flight if it does not exist in the collection.
         string flightInfo = String.Format(fmt, info.From, info.FlightNumber, info.Carousel);
         if (! flightInfos.Contains(flightInfo)) {
            flightInfos.Add(flightInfo);
            updated = true;
         }
      }
      if (updated) {
         flightInfos.Sort();
         Console.WriteLine("Arrivals information from {0}", this.name);
         foreach (var flightInfo in flightInfos)
            Console.WriteLine(flightInfo);

         Console.WriteLine();
      }
   }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      BaggageHandler provider = new BaggageHandler();
      ArrivalsMonitor observer1 = new ArrivalsMonitor("BaggageClaimMonitor1");
      ArrivalsMonitor observer2 = new ArrivalsMonitor("SecurityExit");

      provider.BaggageStatus(712, "Detroit", 3);
      observer1.Subscribe(provider);
      provider.BaggageStatus(712, "Kalamazoo", 3);
      provider.BaggageStatus(400, "New York-Kennedy", 1);
      provider.BaggageStatus(712, "Detroit", 3);
      observer2.Subscribe(provider);
      provider.BaggageStatus(511, "San Francisco", 2);
      provider.BaggageStatus(712);
      observer2.Unsubscribe();
      provider.BaggageStatus(400);
      provider.LastBaggageClaimed();
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//      Arrivals information from BaggageClaimMonitor1
//      Detroit                712    3
//
//      Arrivals information from BaggageClaimMonitor1
//      Detroit                712    3
//      Kalamazoo              712    3
//
//      Arrivals information from BaggageClaimMonitor1
//      Detroit                712    3
//      Kalamazoo              712    3
//      New York-Kennedy       400    1
//
//      Arrivals information from SecurityExit
//      Detroit                712    3
//
//      Arrivals information from SecurityExit
//      Detroit                712    3
//      Kalamazoo              712    3
//
//      Arrivals information from SecurityExit
//      Detroit                712    3
//      Kalamazoo              712    3
//      New York-Kennedy       400    1
//
//      Arrivals information from BaggageClaimMonitor1
//      Detroit                712    3
//      Kalamazoo              712    3
//      New York-Kennedy       400    1
//      San Francisco          511    2
//
//      Arrivals information from SecurityExit
//      Detroit                712    3
//      Kalamazoo              712    3
//      New York-Kennedy       400    1
//      San Francisco          511    2
//
//      Arrivals information from BaggageClaimMonitor1
//      New York-Kennedy       400    1
//      San Francisco          511    2
//
//      Arrivals information from SecurityExit
//      New York-Kennedy       400    1
//      San Francisco          511    2
//
//      Arrivals information from BaggageClaimMonitor1
//      San Francisco          511    2

using System.Threading;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class TemperatureMonitor : IObservable<Temperature>
{
   List<IObserver<Temperature>> observers;

   public TemperatureMonitor()
   {
      observers = new List<IObserver<Temperature>>();
   }

   private class Unsubscriber : IDisposable
   {
      private List<IObserver<Temperature>> _observers;
      private IObserver<Temperature> _observer;

      public Unsubscriber(List<IObserver<Temperature>> observers, IObserver<Temperature> observer)
      {
         this._observers = observers;
         this._observer = observer;
      }

      public void Dispose() 
      {
         if (! (_observer == null)) _observers.Remove(_observer);
      }
   }

   public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<Temperature> observer)
   {
      if (! observers.Contains(observer))
         observers.Add(observer);

      return new Unsubscriber(observers, observer);
   }

   public void GetTemperature()
   {
      // Create an array of sample data to mimic a temperature device.
      Nullable<Decimal>[] temps = {14.6m, 14.65m, 14.7m, 14.9m, 14.9m, 15.2m, 15.25m, 15.2m,
                                   15.4m, 15.45m, null };
      // Store the previous temperature, so notification is only sent after at least .1 change.
      Nullable<Decimal> previous = null;
      bool start = true;

      foreach (var temp in temps) {
         System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2500);
         if (temp.HasValue) {
            if (start || (Math.Abs(temp.Value - previous.Value) >= 0.1m )) {
               Temperature tempData = new Temperature(temp.Value, DateTime.Now);
               foreach (var observer in observers)
                  observer.OnNext(tempData);
               previous = temp;
               if (start) start = false;
            }
         }
         else {
            foreach (var observer in observers.ToArray())
               if (observer != null) observer.OnCompleted();

            observers.Clear();
            break;
         }
      }
   }
}

public class TemperatureReporter : IObserver<Temperature>
{
   private IDisposable unsubscriber;
   private bool first = true;
   private Temperature last;

   public virtual void Subscribe(IObservable<Temperature> provider)
   {
      unsubscriber = provider.Subscribe(this);
   }

   public virtual void Unsubscribe()
   {
      unsubscriber.Dispose();
   }

   public virtual void OnCompleted() 
   {
      Console.WriteLine("Additional temperature data will not be transmitted.");
   }

   public virtual void OnError(Exception error)
   {
      // Do nothing.
   }

   public virtual void OnNext(Temperature value)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("The temperature is {0}°C at {1:g}", value.Degrees, value.Date);
      if (first)
      {
         last = value;
         first = false;
      }
      else
      {
         Console.WriteLine("   Change: {0}° in {1:g}", value.Degrees - last.Degrees,
                                                       value.Date.ToUniversalTime() - last.Date.ToUniversalTime());
      }
   }
}