本文主要介绍使用ansible playbook中roles，在不同os版本下批量部署zabbix客户端。
一、facts介绍
playbook的部分fetch信息
ansible版本2.2.1.0
使用setup模块获取
# ansible 192.168.1.12 -m setup
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
"ansible_distribution_major_version": "6",
"ansible_distribution_release": "Final",
"ansible_distribution_version": "6.6",
"ansible_processor_cores": 2,
"ansible_processor_count": 1,
"ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 2,
"ansible_processor_vcpus": 4,
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.1.12",
"alias": "eth0",
"broadcast": "192.168.1.255",
"gateway": "192.168.1.1",
"interface": "eth0",
"macaddress": "10:bf:48:b7:98:96",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.1.0",
"type": "ether"
}
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"192.168.1.12"
],
# ansible 192.168.1.17 -m setup
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
"ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
"ansible_distribution_release": "Core",
"ansible_distribution_version": "7.0.1406",
"ansible_processor_cores": 2,
"ansible_processor_count": 1,
"ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 2,
"ansible_processor_vcpus": 4,
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.1.17",
"alias": "enp3s0",
"broadcast": "192.168.1.255",
"gateway": "192.168.1.1",
"interface": "enp3s0",
"macaddress": "74:d0:2b:31:c6:a1",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.1.0",
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.17.0.1",
"192.168.1.17",
"192.168.2.116",
"192.168.1.116"
],当需要用到主机ip地址时，使用"ansible_default_ipv4.address"变量获取主机ip地址，而使用ansible_all_ipv4_addresses[x]获取时，主机有多个ip地址时，不好判读使用哪个。
二、roles介绍
roles用于层次性、结构化地组织playbook。roles能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件、tasks以及handlers等。要使用roles只需要在playbook中使用include指令即可。简单来讲，roles就是通过分别将变量(vars)、文件(file)、任务(tasks)、模块(modules)及处理器(handlers)放置于单独的目录中，并可以便捷地include它们的一种机制。
三、创建roles的步骤
1.创建以roles命名的目录；
2.在roles目录中分别创建以各角色名称命名的目录，如webservers等；
3.在每个角色命名的目录中分别创建files、handlers、meta、tasks、templates和vars目录；用不到的目录可以创建为空目录，也可以不创建；
4.在playbook文件中，调用各角色；
四、roles内各目录中可用的文件
tasks目录：至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件，其定义了此角色的任务列表；此文件可以使用include包含其它的位于此目录中的task文件；
files目录：存放由copy或script等模块调用的文件；
templates目录：template模块会自动在此目录中寻找Jinja2模板文件；
handlers目录：此目录中应当包含一个main.yml文件，用于定义此角色用到的各handler；在handler中使用include包含的其它的handler文件也应该位于此目录中；
vars目录：应当包含一个main.yml文件，用于定义此角色用到的变量；
meta目录：应当包含一个main.yml文件，用于定义此角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系；ansible1.3及其以后的版本才支持；
default目录：为当前角色设定默认变量时使用此目录；应当包含一个main.yml文件。
五、自动安装zabbix客户端
1.环境介绍
zabbix server：192.168.1.49
zabbix agent1：192.168.1.12 centos6.6
zabbix agent2：192.168.1.17 centos7.0
zabbix版本3.0.4
2.定义hosts
# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [pltest] 192.168.1.17 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=12345678 192.168.1.12 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=l0jzt7yhudai12
3.目录结构
# cd /etc/ansible/
# mkdir zabbix_client_install
# mkdir zabbix_client_install/{files,handlers,meta,tasks,templates,vars}
# tree roles
roles
|-- zabbix_client_install
| |-- files
| | |-- zabbix_agent_centos6.tgz
| | `-- zabbix_agent_centos7.tgz
| |-- handlers
| | `-- main.yml
| |-- meta
| |-- tasks
| | |-- copy.yml
| | |-- delete.yml
| | |-- install.yml
| | `-- main.yml
| |-- templates
| | |-- zabbix_agentd_centos6
| | |-- zabbix_agentd_centos6.conf
| | |-- zabbix_agentd_centos7
| | `-- zabbix_agentd_centos7.conf
| `-- vars
| `-- main.yml
`-- zabbix_client_install.yml
7 directories, 13 files4.文件内容
zabbix_client_install.yml内容
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install.yml
---
- hosts: pltest
remote_user: root
gather_facts: True
roles:
- zabbix_client_install
files包含在不同平台上已经编译好的zabbix客户端程序
handlers目录下定义了配置文件发生变化后触发重启进程(notify)
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart zabbix_agentd
service: name=zabbix_agentd state=restarted
tasks下角色的任务列表
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/tasks/main.yml
- include: copy.yml
- include: install.yml
- include: delete.yml
copy.yml文件中使用tags定义标签，when语句判断os版本，复制对应版本的客户端程序。
tags用于让用户选择运行或路过playbook中的部分代码。ansible具有幂等性，因此会自动跳过没有变化的部分，即便如此，有些代码为测试其确实没有发生变化的时间依然会非常地长。此时，如果确信其没有变化，就可以通过tags跳过此些代码片断。
在task后添加when子句即可使用条件测试；when语句支持Jinja2表达式语法。
when语句中还可以使用facts或playbook中定义的变量。
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/tasks/copy.yml
- name: Create zabbix user in centos client
tags:
- create_user
user: name={{ zabbix_user }} state=present createhome=no shell=/sbin/nologin
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 7 or ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 6
- name: Copy zabbix client software to centos client
tags:
- copy_files
copy: src=files/zabbix_agent_centos7.tgz dest=/tmp/zabbix_agent_centos7.tgz owner=root group=root
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 7
- name: Copy zabbix client software to centos client
tags:
- copy_files
copy: src=files/zabbix_agent_centos6.tgz dest=/tmp/zabbix_agent_centos6.tgz owner=root group=root
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 6
- name: Uncompression zabbix client software to centos client
tags:
- un_files
shell: tar xf /tmp/zabbix_agent_centos7.tgz -C {{ zabbix_dir }}/
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 7
- name: Uncompression zabbix client software to centos client
tags:
- un_files
shell: tar xf /tmp/zabbix_agent_centos6.tgz -C {{ zabbix_dir }}/
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 6
- name: Copy zabbix start script to centos client
tags:
- copy_script
template: src=zabbix_agentd_centos7 dest=/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd owner=root group=root mode=0755
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 7
- name: Copy zabbix start script to centos client
tags:
- copy_script
template: src=zabbix_agentd_centos6 dest=/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd owner=root group=root mode=0755
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 6
- name: Copy zabbix config to centos client
tags:
- copy_config
template: src=zabbix_agentd_centos7.conf dest={{ zabbix_dir }}/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf owner={{ zabbix_user }} group={{ zabbix_user }} mode=0644
notify:
- restart zabbix_agentd
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 7
- name: Copy zabbix config to centos client
tags:
- copy_config
template: src=zabbix_agentd_centos6.conf dest={{ zabbix_dir }}/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf owner={{ zabbix_user }} group={{ zabbix_user }} mode=0644
notify:
- restart zabbix_agentd
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 6
install.yml修改目录权限，启动服务
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/tasks/install.yml
- name: Modify Zabbix Dir Permission In Centos Client
tags:
- change_perm
file: path={{ zabbix_dir }}/zabbix owner={{ zabbix_user }} group={{ zabbix_user }} mode=0755
- name: Add Start Zabbix Service In Centos Client
tags:
- add_start_script
shell: chkconfig --add zabbix_agentd
- name: Start Zabbix Service In Centos Client
tags:
- start_server
service: name=zabbix_agentd state=started
delete.yml安装完删除软件包
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/tasks/delete.yml
- name: Delete zabbix compression software in centos client
tags:
- delete_files
file: path=/tmp/zabbix_agent_centos7.tgz state=absent
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 7
- name: Delete zabbix compression software in centos client
tags:
- delete_files
file: path=/tmp/zabbix_agent_centos6.tgz state=absent
when: ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version|int == 6
templates目录下的模板文件
zabbix_agentd_centos{6|7}服务启动脚本
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/templates/zabbix_agentd_centos6
BASEDIR={{ zabbix_dir }}/zabbix
zabbix_agentd_centos{6|7}.conf配置文件
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/templates/zabbix_agentd_centos6.conf
Server={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
ServerActive={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
Hostname={{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}
vars目录下定义变量文件
# cat /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix_client_install/vars/main.yml
zabbix_dir: /usr/local
zabbix_user: zabbix
zabbix_server_ip: 192.168.1.49六、执行任务
1.语法检查 ansible-playbook zabbix_client_install.yml --syntax-check 2.执行命令 ansible-playbook zabbix_client_install.yml 3.查看任务数 ansible-playbook zabbix_client_install.yml --list-tasks 4.查看标签 ansible-playbook zabbix_client_install.yml --list-tags 5.执行某个tag ansible-playbook zabbix_client_install.yml -t create_user 6.执行多个tags ansible-playbook zabbix_client_install.yml -t create_user,copy_files,delete_files
本文出自 “linux之路” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://hnr520.blog.51cto.com/4484939/1922287
原文地址：http://hnr520.blog.51cto.com/4484939/1922287
