简介
Subversion(SVN) 是一个开源的版本控制系統, 也就是说 Subversion 管理着随时间改变的数据。这些数据放置在一个中央资料档案库(repository) 中。这个档案库很像一个普通的文件服务器, 不过它会记住每一次文件的变动。这样你就可以把档案恢复到旧的版本, 或是浏览文件的变动历史。
SVN 的一些概念
repository（源代码库）:源代码统一存放的地方
Checkout（提取）:当你手上没有源代码的时候，你需要从repository checkout一份
Commit（提交）:当你已经修改了代码，你就需要Commit到repository
Update (更新):当你已经Checkout了一份源代码，Update一下你就可以和Repository 上的源代码同步，你手上的代码就会有最新的变更
日常开发过程其实就是这样的（假设你已经Checkout并且已经工作了几天）：Update(获得最新的代码) —>作出自己的修改并调试成功 —> Commit(大家就可以看到你的修改了) 。
如果两个程序员同时修改了同一个文件呢, SVN可以合并这两个程序员的改动，实际上SVN管理源代码是以行为单位的，就是说两个程序员只要不是修改了同一行程序，SVN都会自动合并两种修改。
如果是同一行，SVN会提示文件Confict, 冲突，需要手动确认。
subversion目录说明：
db目录：就是所有版本控制的数据存放文件。
hooks目录：放置hook脚本文件的目录。
locks目录：用来放置subversion见艰苦锁定数据的目录，用来追踪存取文件库的客户端。
format文件：是一个文本文件，里面只放了一个整数，表示当前文件库配置的版本号。
conf目录：是这个仓库的配置文件（仓库的用户访问账号、权限等）。
进入conf目录（该svn版本库配置文件）cd conf/
authz 文件是权限控制文件
passwd 是帐号密码文件
svnserve.conf SVN服务配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install subversion -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package subversion.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: subversion-libs(x86-64) = 1.7.14-10.el7 for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_wc-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_subr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_repos-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra_svn-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra_neon-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra_local-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_ra-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs_util-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs_fs-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs_base-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_fs-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_diff-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_delta-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libsvn_client-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libneon.so.27()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package neon.x86_64 0:0.30.0-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libpakchois.so.0()(64bit) for package: neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64 ---> Package subversion-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package pakchois.x86_64 0:0.4-10.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: subversion x86_64 1.7.14-10.el7 base 1.0 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k neon x86_64 0.30.0-3.el7 base 165 k pakchois x86_64 0.4-10.el7 base 14 k subversion-libs x86_64 1.7.14-10.el7 base 921 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+5 Dependent packages) Total download size: 2.3 M Installed size: 8.1 M Downloading packages: (1/6): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00 (2/6): neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 165 kB 00:00 (3/6): pakchois-0.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 14 kB 00:00 (4/6): subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00 (5/6): subversion-libs-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 921 kB 00:00 (6/6): apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:01 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.8 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/6 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/6 Installing : pakchois-0.4-10.el7.x86_64 3/6 Installing : neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64 4/6 Installing : subversion-libs-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 5/6 Installing : subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 6/6 Verifying : neon-0.30.0-3.el7.x86_64 1/6 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 2/6 Verifying : subversion-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 3/6 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 4/6 Verifying : pakchois-0.4-10.el7.x86_64 5/6 Verifying : subversion-libs-1.7.14-10.el7.x86_64 6/6 Installed: subversion.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7 Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 neon.x86_64 0:0.30.0-3.el7 pakchois.x86_64 0:0.4-10.el7 subversion-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7 Complete! [root@localhost ~]# svnserve -h usage: svnserve [-d | -i | -t | -X] [options] Valid options: -d [--daemon] : daemon mode -i [--inetd] : inetd mode -t [--tunnel] : tunnel mode -X [--listen-once] : listen-once mode (useful for debugging) -r [--root] ARG : root of directory to serve -R [--read-only] : force read only, overriding repository config file --config-file ARG : read configuration from file ARG --listen-port ARG : listen port [mode: daemon, listen-once] --listen-host ARG : listen hostname or IP address [mode: daemon, listen-once] -6 [--prefer-ipv6] : prefer IPv6 when resolving the listen hostname [IPv4 is preferred by default. Using IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time is not supported in daemon mode. Use inetd mode or tunnel mode if you need this.] -c [--compression] ARG : compression level to use for network transmissions [0 .. no compression, 5 .. default, 9 .. maximum compression] -M [--memory-cache-size] ARG : size of the extra in-memory cache in MB used to minimize redundant operations. Default is 128 for threaded and 16 for non- threaded mode. [used for FSFS repositories only] --cache-txdeltas ARG : enable or disable caching of deltas between older revisions. Default is no. [used for FSFS repositories only] --cache-fulltexts ARG : enable or disable caching of file contents Default is yes. [used for FSFS repositories only] -T [--threads] : use threads instead of fork [mode: daemon] --foreground : run in foreground (useful for debugging) [mode: daemon] --log-file ARG : svnserve log file --pid-file ARG : write server process ID to file ARG [mode: daemon, listen-once] --tunnel-user ARG : tunnel username (default is current uid‘s name) [mode: tunnel] -h [--help] : display this help --version : show program version information -q [--quiet] : no progress (only errors) to stderr [root@localhost ~]# svnserve --version svnserve, version 1.7.14 (r1542130) compiled Nov 20 2015, 19:25:09 Copyright (C) 2013 The Apache Software Foundation. This software consists of contributions made by many people; see the NOTICE file for more information. Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.apache.org/ The following repository back-end (FS) modules are available: * fs_base : Module for working with a Berkeley DB repository. * fs_fs : Module for working with a plain file (FSFS) repository. Cyrus SASL authentication is available. [root@localhost ~]# which svn /usr/bin/svn [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/svn [root@localhost ~]# cd /var/svn/ #创建版本库 [root@localhost svn]# svnadmin create /var/svn/svnrepos [root@localhost svn]# [root@localhost svn]# ls svnrepos [root@localhost svn]# cd svnrepos/ [root@localhost svnrepos]# ls conf db format hooks locks README.txt [root@localhost svnrepos]# cat README.txt This is a Subversion repository; use the ‘svnadmin‘ tool to examine it. Do not add, delete, or modify files here unless you know how to avoid corrupting the repository. Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information. [root@localhost svnrepos]# cd conf/ [root@localhost conf]# ls authz passwd svnserve.conf [root@localhost conf]# vim passwd ### This file is an example password file for svnserve. ### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the ### example below it contains one section labelled [users]. ### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line. [users] # harry = harryssecret # sally = sallyssecret #添加admin用户 admin = 123456 [root@localhost conf]# vim authz ### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve. ### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization ### files. ### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and ### (optional) repository specified by the section name. ### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to: ### - a single user, ### - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section, ### - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section, ### - all authenticated users, using the ‘$authenticated‘ token, ### - only anonymous users, using the ‘$anonymous‘ token, ### - anyone, using the ‘*‘ wildcard. ### ### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with ‘~‘. Rules can ### grant read (‘r‘) access, read-write (‘rw‘) access, or no access ### (‘‘). [aliases] # joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average [groups] # harry_and_sally = harry,sally # harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe # [/foo/bar] # harry = rw # &joe = r # * = # [repository:/baz/fuz] # @harry_and_sally = rw # * = r # #添加新建的用户admin，并授予rw权限 [/] admin = rw [root@localhost conf]# cat svnserve.conf ### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you ### use it to allow access to this repository. (If you only allow ### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is ### irrelevant.) ### Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information. [general] ### The anon-access and auth-access options control access to the ### repository for unauthenticated (a.k.a. anonymous) users and ### authenticated users, respectively. ### Valid values are "write", "read", and "none". ### Setting the value to "none" prohibits both reading and writing; ### "read" allows read-only access, and "write" allows complete ### read/write access to the repository. ### The sample settings below are the defaults and specify that anonymous ### users have read-only access to the repository, while authenticated ### users have read and write access to the repository. #匿名用户可读 # anon-access = read # auth-access = write ### The password-db option controls the location of the password ### database file. Unless you specify a path starting with a /, ### the file‘s location is relative to the directory containing ### this configuration file. ### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used. ### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file. #使用哪个文件作为账号文件 password-db = passwd ### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization ### rules for path-based access control. Unless you specify a path ### starting with a /, the file‘s location is relative to the the ### directory containing this file. If you don‘t specify an ### authz-db, no path-based access control is done. ### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file. #使用哪个文件作为权限文件 authz-db = authz ### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository. ### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should ### have the same password database, and vice versa. The default realm ### is repository‘s uuid. #认证空间名，版本库所在目录 realm = /var/svn/svnrepos ### The force-username-case option causes svnserve to case-normalize ### usernames before comparing them against the authorization rules in the ### authz-db file configured above. Valid values are "upper" (to upper- ### case the usernames), "lower" (to lowercase the usernames), and ### "none" (to compare usernames as-is without case conversion, which ### is the default behavior). # force-username-case = none [sasl] ### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL ### library for authentication. Default is false. ### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus ### SASL support; to check, run ‘svnserve --version‘ and look for a line ### reading ‘Cyrus SASL authentication is available.‘ # use-sasl = true ### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer ### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means ### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated ### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit ### encryption). The values below are the defaults. # min-encryption = 0 # max-encryption = 256 #启动svn [root@localhost conf]# svnserve -d -r /var/svn/svnrepos/ [root@localhost conf]# ps -ef|grep svn root 9114 1 0 16:06 ? 00:00:00 svnserve -d -r /var/svn/svnrepos/ root 9116 8214 0 16:06 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto svn [root@localhost conf]# netstat -ntlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3690 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9114/svnserve tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1049/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1282/master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 26795/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 4538/java tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1049/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1282/master [root@localhost conf]# cd .. [root@localhost svnrepos]# ls conf db format hooks locks README.txt [root@localhost svnrepos]# tree . ├── conf │ ├── authz │ ├── passwd │ └── svnserve.conf ├── db │ ├── current │ ├── format │ ├── fsfs.conf │ ├── fs-type │ ├── min-unpacked-rev │ ├── revprops │ │ └── 0 │ │ └── 0 │ ├── revs │ │ └── 0 │ │ └── 0 │ ├── transactions │ ├── txn-current │ ├── txn-current-lock │ ├── txn-protorevs │ ├── uuid │ └── write-lock ├── format ├── hooks │ ├── post-commit.tmpl │ ├── post-lock.tmpl │ ├── post-revprop-change.tmpl │ ├── post-unlock.tmpl │ ├── pre-commit.tmpl │ ├── pre-lock.tmpl │ ├── pre-revprop-change.tmpl │ ├── pre-unlock.tmpl │ └── start-commit.tmpl ├── locks │ ├── db.lock │ └── db-logs.lock └── README.txt 10 directories, 27 files #停止SVN命令 killall svnserve
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客户端连接
windows tortoisesvn 下载
https://tortoisesvn.net/downloads.html
参考：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/83737
本文出自 “禅剑一如” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://yanconggod.blog.51cto.com/1351649/1927768
原文地址：http://yanconggod.blog.51cto.com/1351649/1927768
