英语语法之并列句/复合句/特殊用途句子

陈述句 → 宾语从句

ex. You are right. → I know (that) you are right.

p.s.其中that不做成分可以省略

特殊疑问句 → 宾语从句

（由特殊疑问词开头的 what/which.../how）

前后句子语气不一样，要改成主句的形式，主语提到谓语动词前。

ex. What will she say? → I know what she will say.

一般疑问句 → 宾语从句

1.调整语序，2.前加whether或if。

ex. Is he happy? → I know whether/if he is happy.

p.s.有的时候if不能用，建议用whether

物

which

that

人

who

whom（whom指人时专作宾语）

that

人的/物的

whose

时间

when

地点

where

原因

why

限定性定语从句

名词范围不明确 + 没有逗号

ex. 我看到了你的朋友（哪个朋友）

I met your friend who is staying in Paris.

非限定性定语从句

名词范围明确 + 有逗号 + 可以省略 + 关系词不能省略不能用that

ex. 我看到了你的妈妈（只有一个妈妈）

I met your mother, who is staying in Paris.

p.s. 特殊情况：which可以修饰前面整句话 ex. The company will get back to you in three days,which is one of the typical rules.

sup. 介词提前的定于从句

介词提前

一旦介词提前了，关系词不能用that也不能省略，指人做宾语时只能用whom，指物用which

ex. This is the job which / that / 省 I have dreamed of for years.

→ This is the job of which I have dreamed for years.

在这里，dream of which 是介宾短语

时间状语从句

when

while

as

before

after

since

until

as soon as

no sooner...than 一...就...

地点状语从句

where

原因状语从句

because

since

as

结果状语从句

so/such...that 太...所以...（so+adj/adv,such+n/n词组）

so that...

目的状语从句

so...that...（+情态动词时表目的，没有情态动词表结果）

in order that...

条件状语从句

if

unless

as long as 只要...

让步状语从句

（明让步暗转折）

although

though

even though

as

比较状语从句

than

as

方式状语从句

as 按照**方式像**一样

否定词位于句首

not,no,never,hardly,little,scarcely,seldom,not until,not only...

ex. The poor man had not only been arrested,but he had been sent to prison as well.

→ Not only had the poor man been arrested,but he had been sent to prison as well.

ex. You will never know the truth.

→ Never will you know the truth.

ex. He cares little for my words.

→ Little does he care for my words.
ex. I had no sooner got the invitation than I refused.

→ No sooner had I got the invitation than I refused.
ex. He had hardly had time to settle down when he left the country.

→ Hardly had he had time to settle down when he left the country.

only位于句首

ex. We can learn English well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can we learn English well.

ex. He achieved his goal only by working hard.

→ Only by working hard,did he achieve his goal.
ex. Natural disasters will reduce,only when we solve the problems of environmental pollution.

→ Only when we solve the problems of environmental pollution,will Natural disasters reduce.

if从句

主句

假设过去

had done

would + have done

could + have done

should + have done

might + have done

ex. He was not a student,so he couldn‘t attend the lecture.

→If he had been a student,he could have attend the lecture.

假设现在

did (were)
p.s.无论是is还是are,都使用were

would+do

could+do

should +do

might+do

ex. If I were you,I would do it now.

ex. I am not you,so I can‘t make the decision.

→ If I were you,I could make the decision.
ex. I don‘t know his phone number,so I won‘t ring him up.

→ If I knew his phone number,I would ring him up.

假设将来

did (were)
were to do
should do

would+do

could+do

should +do

might+do

ex. If I had(were to have/should have) time tomorrow,I would help him.

如果是非真实条件句（混合时态的虚拟）

则分别选择从句和主句的时态

ex. 如果你（过去）嫁给他，你（现在）就是一个加油站工人的妻子

If you had married him,you would be the wife of a gas station attendant.

省略if需要部分倒装

ex. If you had joined us,we would have had more fun.

→ Had you joined us,we would have had more fun.

宾语从句

ex. He suggested that the system should be changed.
ex. The workers demanded they should be given the wages they should get.被动语态

表语从句

ex. His suggestion was that the system should be changed.

同位语从句

ex. He gave the suggestion that the system should be changed.

主语从句

ex. This year,It was suggested that the system be changed.