标签：输出 自动 派生类 绑定 经典 机械 run 课程 name
class 类名: """ 注释 """ 类体(可是任意代码)# 定义一个类class Chinese: country = ‘China‘ # 属性 def __init__(self, name, age): # 初始化,实例化出来的对象默认拥有name,age等属性 self.name = name # p1.name=name self.age = age # p1.age=age def talk(self): # 技能 print(‘say Chinese‘)p1 = Chinese(‘rain‘, 18) # 实例化出一个对象p1print(p1.country) # 类的数据属性print(p1.talk()) # 类的函数属性,加括号即可运行print(p1.name)
print(p1.age)
print(Chinese.__dict__)运行结果：(一个字典){‘talk‘: <function Chinese.talk at 0x0000000000B4E268>, ‘country‘: ‘China‘, ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘__dict__‘: <attribute ‘__dict__‘ of ‘Chinese‘ objects>, ‘__init__‘: <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x0000000000B4E1E0>, ‘__module__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘__weakref__‘: <attribute ‘__weakref__‘ of ‘Chinese‘ objects>}class Foo: count = 0 # 类的数据属性 def __init__(self, name): Foo.count += 1 self.name = nameobj1 = Foo(‘rain‘)obj2 = Foo(‘tom‘)print(‘该类共实例化了 %s 个对象.‘ % Foo.count)运行结果：该类共实例化了 2 个对象.class Garen: camp = ‘Demacia‘ # 定义通用属性：阵营 def __init__(self, nickname, life_value=600, agg = 100): self.nickname = nickname self.life_value = life_value self.agg = agg def attack(self, enemy): # 定义攻击方法，攻击敌人 enemy.life_value -= self.aggclass Riven: camp = ‘Noxus‘ def __init__(self, nickname, life_value=400, agg = 150): self.nickname = nickname self.life_value = life_value self.agg = agg def attack(self, enemy): enemy.life_value -= self.aggg = Garen(‘德码‘)r = Riven(‘瑞文‘)print(g.life_value) # 查看血量值print(r.life_value)g.attack(r) # 模拟攻击print(r.life_value) # 攻击后血量值 r.attack(g)print(g.life_value)class ParentClass1: passclass ParentClass2: passclass SubClass1(ParentClass1): """ 继承父类1 """ passclass SubClass2(ParentClass1, ParentClass2): # 调用时，会按照从左到右顺序查找 """ 继承2个父类：父类1和父类2 """ pass新式类：class Foo(object): pass经典类：class Foo: passPython3中都为新式类class Foo: passprint(Foo.__dict__())class E: def test(self): print(‘from E‘) passclass A(E): def test(self): print(‘from A‘) passclass D: def test(self): print(‘from D‘) passclass B(D): def test(self): print(‘from B‘) passclass C: def test(self): print(‘from C‘) pass # 优先找F自己类中的test函数,F类中没有，找A-->D,D没有回来找B-->E,还没有找C
class F(A, B, C): def test(self): print(‘from F‘) passf = F()f.test() class People: # 定义父类 def __init__(self, name, age, sex): self.name = name self.age = age self.sex = sexclass Teacher(People): # 子类继承父类,且有自己的独特的属性salary def __init__(self, name, age, sex, salary): People.__init__(self, name, age, sex) self.salary = salary class Student(People): # 子类继承父类 passt = Teacher(‘rain‘, 19, ‘male‘, 3000)print(t.salary)s = Student(‘a‘, 10, ‘male‘)print(s.name)print(s.age)print(s.sex)运行结果:3000a10maleclass Foo: def test(self): print(‘from foo.test...‘)class Bar(Foo): # 如果有多个父类，按照从左到右顺序查找,print(Bar.mro())可查看查看顺序 def test(self): super().test() # Foo.test(self) print(‘from Bar...‘) b = Bar()b.test()运行结果：from foo.test...from Bar...class Date: def __init__(self, year, mon, day): self.year = year self.mon = mon self.day = day def tell(self): print(‘%s-%s-%s‘ % (self.year, self.mon, self.day))class People: def __init__(self, name, age, sex): self.name = name self.age = age self.sex = sexclass Teacher(People): def __init__(self, name, age, sex, salary, year, mon, day): People.__init__(self, name, age, sex) self.salary = salary self.birth = Date(year, mon, day)class Student(People): def __init__(self, name, age, sex, year, mon, day): People.__init__(self, name, age, sex) self.birth = Date(year, mon, day)t = Teacher(‘rain‘, 19, ‘male‘, 10000, 1990, 6,20)print(t.salary)t.birth.tell()s = Student(‘a‘, 11, ‘male‘, 2007, 12, 12)print(s.name)s.birth.tell()运行结果:10001990-6-20a2007-12-12class Animal: def talk(self): print(‘发声...‘)class People(Animal): def talk(self): print(‘人在说话...‘)class Pig(Animal): def talk(self): print(‘猪在叫...‘)class Dog(Animal): def talk(self): print(‘狗在叫...‘)class Cat(Animal): def talk(self): print(‘猫在叫...‘)def func(obj): """ 统一接口 obj具有多态性，没有类型概念 :param obj: :return: """ obj.talk()peo1 = People()dog1 = Dog()pig1 = Pig()cat1 = Cat()# peo1.talk()# dog1.talk()# pig1.talk()func(peo1)func(dog1)func(pig1)func(cat1)运行结果:人在说话...狗在叫...猪在叫...猫在叫...class Foo: __x = 1 def test(self): print(‘from test...‘)print(Foo.__dict__) # {‘_Foo__x‘: 1}print(Foo._Foo__x) # 1class People: """ 变形仅在定义阶段完成，后续不再变形 """ def __init__(self, name, age, sex): self.__name = name # self._People__name = name self.__age = age # self._People__age = age self.__sex = sex # self._People__sex = sex def tell_info(self): print(‘人的名字是：%s, 人的性别是: %s, 人的年龄是: %s‘ % (self.__name, self.__sex, self.__age))p = People(‘rain‘, 18, ‘male‘)p.tell_info()运行结果:人的名字是：rain, 人的性别是: male, 人的年龄是: 18class Parent: def foo(self): """ # 那么我要让他调用父类中的bar呢 改成self.__bar() :return: """ print(‘from parent foo...‘) self.bar() # self._Parent__bar def bar(self): # _Parent__bar """ 改成def __bar(self): :return: """ print(‘from parent bar...‘)class Sub(Parent): def bar(self): # _Sub__bar print(‘from sub bar...‘)a = Sub()a.foo() # 默认按照查找顺序，对象本身-->对象所属的类-->父类：from sub bar...class People: def __init__(self, name, age): self.__name = name self.__age = age def tell_info(self): print(‘人的名字是：%s, 人的年龄是: %s‘ % (self.__name, self.__age)) def set_info(self, x, y): """ 我们为了限制输入的类型: 比如名字规定必须是字符串，年龄必须是整形， 就需要加一点逻辑判断：isinstance(a,b) :param x: :param y: :return: """ if not isinstance(x, str): raise TypeError(‘名字必须是字符串...‘) if not isinstance(y, int): raise TypeError(‘年龄必须是整形...‘) self.__name = x self.__age = yp = People(‘alex‘, 1000)p.tell_info()p.set_info(‘alex‘, 2000) # 修改p.tell_info()p.set_info(1111, 3000) # TypeError: 名字必须是字符串...p.tell_info()p.set_info(‘alex‘, ‘3000‘) # TypeError: 年龄必须是整形...p.tell_info()class Foo: @property def test(self): print(‘from Foo.test...‘)f = Foo()#f.test() # 结果：from Foo.test...f.test # 结果：from Foo.test...class People: def __init__(self, name, weight, height): self.name = name self.weight = weight self.height = height return self.weight / (self.height ** 2)p = People(‘rain‘, 75, 1.80)运行结果：23.148148148148145import mathclass Circle: def __init__(self, radius): # 圆的半径radius self.radius = radius @property def area(self): # 计算圆的面积 return math.pi * self.radius ** 2 @property def perimeter(self): # 计算圆的周长 return 2 * math.pi * self.radiusc = Circle(10)print(c.radius)print(c.area)print(c.perimeter)运行结果：10314.159265358979362.83185307179586class People: def __init__(self, name, permission=False): self.__name = name # 可转换为:self._People__name = name self.permission = permission # 用于判断,是否允许删除 @property # 可转换为:name = property(name) def name(self): return self.__name # 可转换为:self._People__name @name.setter # name = name.setter(name) def name(self, value): if not isinstance(value, str): # 判断value是否是字符串 raise TypeError(‘输入的内容必须是字符串.‘) self.__name = value # self._People__name = value @name.deleter def name(self): if not self.permission: raise TypeError(‘禁止删除.‘) del self.__name print(‘已删除名字‘)p = People(‘rain‘)print(p.name())print(p.name)p.name = ‘rain656‘print(p.name)p.name = 123123print(p.name)p.permission = Truedel p.nameprint(p.name)import hashlibimport timeclass MySQL: def __init__(self,host,port): self.id=self.create_id() self.host=host self.port=port @staticmethod def create_id(): #就是一个普通工具 m=hashlib.md5(str(time.clock()).encode(‘utf-8‘)) return m.hexdigest()print(MySQL.create_id)conn=MySQL(‘127.0.0.1‘,3306)print(conn.create_id)运行结果：<function MySQL.create_id at 0x0000000000D6E378><function MySQL.create_id at 0x0000000000D6E378>HOST=‘127.0.0.1‘PORT=3306DB_PATH=r‘C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\test\面向对象编程\test1\db‘import settingsimport hashlibimport timeclass MySQL: def __init__(self, host, port): self.host = host self.port = port @classmethod def from_conf(cls): print(cls) return cls(settings.HOST, settings.PORT)print(MySQL.from_conf)conn=MySQL.from_conf()print(conn.host, conn.port)conn.from_conf() #对象也可以调用，但是默认传的第一个参数仍然是类运行结果：<bound method MySQL.from_conf of <class ‘__main__.MySQL‘>><class ‘__main__.MySQL‘>127.0.0.1 3306<class ‘__main__.MySQL‘>import settingsclass MySQL: def __init__(self, host, port): self.host = host self.port = port @staticmethod def from_conf(): return MySQL(settings.HOST,settings.PORT) @classmethod def from_conf(cls): return cls(settings.HOST,settings.PORT) def __str__(self): return ‘就不告诉你...‘class Mariadb(MySQL): def __str__(self): return ‘host:%s, port: %s‘ %(self.host,self.port)m=Mariadb.from_conf()print(m)运行结果：# @classmethod存在时运行结果：host:127.0.0.1, port: 3306# @classmethod不存在时运行结果：就不告诉你...import settingsimport hashlibimport timeimport randomimport pickleimport osclass MySQL: def __init__(self,host,port): self.id=self.create_id() self.host=host self.port=port def save(self): file_path=r‘%s%s%s‘ %(settings.DB_PATH,os.sep,self.id) pickle.dump(self,open(file_path,‘wb‘)) def get(self): file_path=r‘%s%s%s‘ %(settings.DB_PATH,os.sep,self.id) return pickle.load(open(file_path,‘rb‘)) @staticmethod def create_id(): m=hashlib.md5(str(time.clock()).encode(‘utf-8‘)) return m.hexdigest() @classmethod def from_conf(cls): print(cls) return cls(settings.HOST,settings.PORT)print(MySQL.from_conf) #<bound method MySQL.from_conf of <class ‘__main__.MySQL‘>>conn=MySQL.from_conf()print(conn.id)print(conn.create_id())print(MySQL.create_id())conn.save()obj=conn.get()print(obj.id)运行结果：<bound method MySQL.from_conf of <class ‘__main__.MySQL‘>><class ‘__main__.MySQL‘>36d644ee6ae993da6a1e9530bbd7edfe387747d3e0c9034e68cb459b89322364578a0ec95b1d051128dcdfba3f67375436d644ee6ae993da6a1e9530bbd7edfeimport timeclass Date: def __init__(self,year,month,day): self.year=year self.month=month self.day=day @staticmethod def now(): t=time.localtime() return Date(t.tm_year,t.tm_mon,t.tm_mday) @staticmethod def tomorrow(): t=time.localtime(time.time()+86400) return Date(t.tm_year,t.tm_mon,t.tm_mday)a=Date(‘1987‘,11,21)b=Date.now()c=Date.tomorrow()print(a.year,a.month,a.day)print(b.year,b.month,b.day)print(c.year,c.month,c.day)运行结果：1987 11 212017 6 132017 6 14import timeclass Date: def __init__(self,year,month,day): self.year=year self.month=month self.day=day @staticmethod def now(): t=time.localtime() return Date(t.tm_year,t.tm_mon,t.tm_mday)class EuroDate(Date): def __str__(self): return ‘year:%s month:%s day:%s‘ %(self.year,self.month,self.day)e=EuroDate.now()print(e) #我们的意图是想触发EuroDate.__str__,但是结果为‘‘‘输出结果:<__main__.Date object at 0x1013f9d68>‘‘‘#因为e就是用Date类产生的,所以根本不会触发EuroDate.__str__,解决方法就是用classmethodimport timeclass Date: def __init__(self,year,month,day): self.year=year self.month=month self.day=day # @staticmethod # def now(): # t=time.localtime() # return Date(t.tm_year,t.tm_mon,t.tm_mday) @classmethod #改成类方法 def now(cls): t=time.localtime() return cls(t.tm_year,t.tm_mon,t.tm_mday) #哪个类来调用,即用哪个类cls来实例化class EuroDate(Date): def __str__(self): return ‘year:%s month:%s day:%s‘ %(self.year,self.month,self.day)e=EuroDate.now()print(e) #我们的意图是想触发EuroDate.__str__,此时e就是由EuroDate产生的,所以会如我们所愿运行结果：<__main__.Date object at 0x0000000000AA0908>year:2017 month:6 day:13class Chinese: country = ‘China‘ def __init__(self,name,age): self.name=name self.age=agep=Chinese(‘jack‘, 19)print(Chinese.country) # 可转换为Chinese.__dict__[‘country]print(p.name) # 可转换为p.__dict__[‘name‘]class BlackMedium: feature=‘Ugly‘ def __init__(self,name,addr): self.name=name self.addr=addr def sell_house(self): print(‘%s 黑中介卖房子啦,傻逼才买呢,但是谁能证明自己不傻逼.‘ % self.name) def rent_house(self): print(‘%s 黑中介租房子啦,傻逼才租呢.‘ % self.name)# 检测是否含有某个属性b1 = BlackMedium(‘万成‘,‘回龙观‘)print(hasattr(b1,‘name‘)) # 判断对象b1是否有‘name‘这个属性，判断的属性必须是字符串形式print(hasattr(b1,‘sell_house‘))# 获取某个属性n = getattr(b1,‘name‘)print(n)func=getattr(b1,‘rent_house‘)func()# getattr(b1,‘aaaaa‘) # 提示报错print(getattr(b1,‘aaaaa‘,‘不存在...‘)) # 提示‘不存在‘# 设置某个属性setattr(b1,‘sb‘,True) # 设置对象b1的属性‘sb‘，值为Truesetattr(b1,‘show_name‘,lambda self:self.name+‘sb‘) # 设置b1属性‘show_name‘print(b1.__dict__) # 查看对象b1的属性字典print(b1.show_name(b1))# 删除属性delattr(b1,‘addr‘)delattr(b1,‘show_name‘)# delattr(b1,‘show_name111‘) # 不存在则报错print(b1.__dict__)class Foo(object): staticField = "old boy" def __init__(self): self.name = ‘wupeiqi‘ def func(self): return ‘func‘ @staticmethod def bar(): return ‘bar‘print getattr(Foo, ‘staticField‘)print getattr(Foo, ‘func‘)print getattr(Foo, ‘bar‘)#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import sysdef s1(): print ‘s1‘def s2(): print ‘s2‘this_module = sys.modules[__name__]hasattr(this_module, ‘s1‘)getattr(this_module, ‘s2‘)#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-def test(): print(‘from the test‘)#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-"""程序目录： module_test.py index.py当前文件： index.py"""import module_test as obj#obj.test()print(hasattr(obj,‘test‘))getattr(obj,‘test‘)()class FtpClient: ‘ftp客户端,但是还么有实现具体的功能‘ def __init__(self,addr): print(‘正在连接服务器[%s]‘ %addr) self.addr=addrimport ftpclientf1=ftpclient.FtpClient(‘192.168.1.1‘)if hasattr(f1,‘get‘): func_get=getattr(f1,‘get‘) func_get() class FtpCLient: def __init__(self,host): self.host=host print(‘connecting...‘) def run(self): while True: inp=input(‘>>: ‘).strip() inp_l=inp.split() if hasattr(self,inp_l[0]): func=getattr(self,inp_l[0]) func(inp_l) def get(self,arg): print(‘download file‘,arg[1])f=FtpCLient(‘192.168.1.2‘)f.run()标签：输出 自动 派生类 绑定 经典 机械 run 课程 name
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeiweb/p/7029398.html
