标签：级别 esc exp rom ever turn latest contains cli
自动测试与测试的不同在于, 自动测试的测试工作是交给系统完成的
测试也有分类和级别, 有的用于一些细微的细节, 有的是针对整个软件整体
测试会保证一些看起来正常运行的功能在实际的多种情况下验证, 这样可以保证很好的准确性
测试的目的在于防止错误的产生
测试可以帮助形成良好的团队合作
事实上有不少测试驱动开发(test-driven development)的情况
在polls中就存在一个bug
在Question.was_published_recently() 函数中, 如果传入的参数是未来的一天内, 返回值也回事True
该情况测试如下
>>> import datetime
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> from polls.models import Question
>>> future_question = Question(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
>>> future_question.was_published_recently()
True
常规情况下, 应用的测试应该将测试代码写入到test.py文件中
polls/tests.py
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from .models import Question
class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
is in the future.
"""
time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
基本写法就是写一个类继承自TestCase
用assertIs()编写运行的实例和期望得到的结果
然后编写一个方法用于验证
执行命令
python manage.py test polls
运行结果为
整个运行过程为:
1) 现在polls应用下查找测试文件test.py
2) 在文件中查找继承django.test.TestCase类的子类
3) 创建一个特殊的数据库
4) 在类中查找以test开头的方法
5) 执行代码, 检查assertIs()的结果, 检查运行结果是否符合预期
修改为
polls/models.py
def was_published_recently(self):
now = timezone.now()
return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
polls/tests.py
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
is older than 1 day.
"""
time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date
is within the last day.
"""
time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)
Django提供了一个测试客户端, 用于模拟用户在视图级别与代码进行交互
启动测试环境
>>> from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
>>> setup_test_environment()
注意次测试不会创建专门的测试数据库, 测试结果都是源自于现有的数据库
创建客户端
>>> client = Client()
开始测试
>>> # get a response from ‘/‘
>>> response = client.get(‘/‘)
Not Found: /
>>> # we should expect a 404 from that address; if you instead see an
>>> # "Invalid HTTP_HOST header" error and a 400 response, you probably
>>> # omitted the setup_test_environment() call described earlier.
>>> response.status_code
404
>>> # on the other hand we should expect to find something at ‘/polls/‘
>>> # we‘ll use ‘reverse()‘ rather than a hardcoded URL
>>> from django.urls import reverse
>>> response = client.get(reverse(‘polls:index‘))
>>> response.status_code
200
>>> response.content
b‘\n <ul>\n \n <li><a href="/polls/1/">What‘s up?</a></li>\n \n </ul>\n\n‘
>>> response.context[‘latest_question_list‘]
<QuerySet [<Question: What‘s up?>]>
原有的polls/views.py为
class IndexView(generic.ListView):
template_name = ‘polls/index.html‘
context_object_name = ‘latest_question_list‘
def get_queryset(self):
"""Return the last five published questions."""
return Question.objects.order_by(‘-pub_date‘)[:5]
修改get_query()将其数据限定到最近
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Return the last five published questions (not including those set to be
published in the future).
"""
from django.utils import timezone
return Question.objects.filter(
pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
).order_by(‘-pub_date‘)[:5]
polls/tests.py
from django.urls import reverse
def create_question(question_text, days):
"""
Create a question with the given `question_text` and published the
given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
"""
time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)
class QuestionIndexViewTests(TestCase):
def test_no_questions(self):
"""
If no questions exist, an appropriate message is displayed.
"""
response = self.client.get(reverse(‘polls:index‘))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context[‘latest_question_list‘], [])
def test_past_question(self):
"""
Questions with a pub_date in the past are displayed on the
index page.
"""
create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
response = self.client.get(reverse(‘polls:index‘))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context[‘latest_question_list‘],
[‘<Question: Past question.>‘]
)
def test_future_question(self):
"""
Questions with a pub_date in the future aren‘t displayed on
the index page.
"""
create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse(‘polls:index‘))
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context[‘latest_question_list‘], [])
def test_future_question_and_past_question(self):
"""
Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
are displayed.
"""
create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse(‘polls:index‘))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context[‘latest_question_list‘],
[‘<Question: Past question.>‘]
)
def test_two_past_questions(self):
"""
The questions index page may display multiple questions.
"""
create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse(‘polls:index‘))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context[‘latest_question_list‘],
[‘<Question: Past question 2.>‘, ‘<Question: Past question 1.>‘]
)
标签：级别 esc exp rom ever turn latest contains cli
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/weihuchao/p/7082236.html
