TS里面有泛型让我很意外,这个比AS3确实要强大:
let myIdentity_change : <T>(arg:T)=>T=function(a){ return a }; console.log(`generic : ${myIdentity_change<string>("Hello World!!!")}`);
结果:
看看泛型接口
①:注意接口(GenericFun)后面没有<T>
interface GenericFun{ <T>(arg : T):T; } function indentity<T>(arg:T):T{ return arg; } let myIdentity : GenericFun = indentity; console.log(`generic : ${myIdentity<string>("Hello World!!!")}`);
②:这里有一个缺陷
interface GenericFun_change<T>{ <T>(arg : T):T; } function indentity_01<T>(arg:T):T{ return arg; } let myIndentity_01 : GenericFun_change<string> = indentity_01; console.log(`generic : ${myIndentity_01<number>(123)}`);
结果:
但是,看代码参数123下面有红色波浪报错提示.虽然这样写能够得到正确的结果.但是myIndentity_01定义的泛型类型string和调用的类型number根本就不一致,在TS中不能这么干,但是生成的Js确实运行后能得到正确的结果.
以下是生成的JS的(没有类型的限制) :
function indentity_01(arg) { return arg; } var myIndentity_01 = indentity_01; console.log("generic : " + myIndentity_01(123));
泛型类:
class GenericHandler<T>{ zeroValue : T; add : ( x : T , y : T ) => T; } let myGenericHandler : GenericHandler<number> = new GenericHandler<number>(); myGenericHandler.zeroValue = 0; myGenericHandler.add = ( x : number , y : number ) => { return x + y; }; myGenericHandler.zeroValue = 2; console.log( `2+5 = ${ myGenericHandler.add(2,5) } ` ); console.log(`zeroValue Value : ${ myGenericHandler.zeroValue }`);
结果:
泛型约束
interface Lengthwise{ length : number; } class GenericHandler<T extends Lengthwise>{ zeroValue : T; add : ( x : T , y : T ) => number; } let myGenericHandler : GenericHandler<number[]> = new GenericHandler<number[]>(); myGenericHandler.zeroValue = null; myGenericHandler.add = ( x : number[] , y : number[] ) => { return x.length + y.length; }; let arr : number[] = [1,2,3]; myGenericHandler.zeroValue = arr; let arr_2 : number[] = [2,3]; console.log( `[1,2,3] + [2,3] all length = ${ myGenericHandler.add(arr,arr_2) }` ); console.log(`zeroValue Value : ${ myGenericHandler.zeroValue }`);
如果T要用length属性的话 , 可以用以上方式 ( extends interface )
结果:
补充泛型方法约束写法:
//方法的泛型约束1 function add_change_01< T extends Lengthwise>( x : T , y : T ):number{ return x.length + y.length; } //方法的泛型约束2 let add_change_02 = <T extends Lengthwise>( x : T , y : T ) =>{ return x.length + y.length; }; console.log( `add_change_01 ${ add_change_01<number[]>( arr , arr_2) }` ); console.log( `add_change_02 ${ add_change_02<number[]>( arr , arr_2) }` );
结果:
在泛型里使用类类型(2中方法的实际效果是一样的):
function create<T>( c : { new() : T } ):T{ return new c(); } let create_change_01 = <T>( c : { new() : T } ) => { return new c(); };
在泛型方法类类型中加入泛型约束(一下4个方法的效果是一样的):
interface LegthWish{ length : number; } function create_constraint< T extends LegthWish >( c : { new() : T }):T{ return new c(); } function create_constraint_01<T extends LegthWish>( c : new() => T ):T{ return new c(); } let create_constraint_change_02 : Function = < T extends LegthWish >( c : { new() : T } )=>{ return new c(); }; let create_constraint_change_03 : Function = < T extends LegthWish >( c : new()=>T)=>{ return new c(); };
扩展一下:::
interface LegthWish{ length : number; } function create_constraint< T extends LegthWish >( c : { new() : T }):T{ return new c(); } function create_constraint_01<T extends LegthWish>( c : new() => T ):T{ return new c(); } let create_constraint_change_02 : Function = < T extends LegthWish >( c : { new() : T } )=>{ return new c(); }; let create_constraint_change_03 : Function = < T extends LegthWish >( c : new()=>T)=>{ return new c(); }; class Ai implements LegthWish{ public length : number; constructor(){ this.length = 1; } } class Bi implements LegthWish{ public length : number; constructor(){ this.length = 2; } } enum Factory_Type{ AI = 0, BI = 1 } let create_factory:( type : Factory_Type )=>LegthWish=function( a ){ let legthClass : LegthWish = null; switch( a ){ case Factory_Type.AI: //legthClass = new Ai();//还可以用以下的方法来写 legthClass = create_constraint_01<LegthWish>(Ai); break; case Factory_Type.BI: //legthClass = new Bi(); legthClass = create_constraint_01<LegthWish>(Bi); break; } return legthClass; }; let _ai : LegthWish = create_factory( Factory_Type.AI ); console.log(`this is AI.length : ${_ai.length}`); let _bi : LegthWish = create_factory( Factory_Type.BI ); console.log(`this is BI.length : ${_bi.length}`);
结果:
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原文地址:http://aonaufly.blog.51cto.com/3554853/1955477