#include
void malloc_init()
{
/* grab the last valid address from the OS */
last_valid_address = sbrk(0);
/* we don‘t have any memory to manage yet, so
*just set the beginning to be last_valid_address
*/
managed_memory_start = last_valid_address;
/* Okay, we‘re initialized and ready to go */
has_initialized = 1;
}
清单 4. 解除分配函数
void free(void *firstbyte) {
struct mem_control_block *mcb;
/* Backup from the given pointer to find the
* mem_control_block
*/
mcb = firstbyte - sizeof(struct mem_control_block);
/* Mark the block as being available */
mcb->is_available = 1;
/* That‘s It! We‘re done. */
return;
}
清单 5. 主分配程序的伪代码
1. If our allocator has not been initialized, initialize it.
2. Add sizeof(struct mem_control_block) to the size requested.
3. start at managed_memory_start.
4. Are we at last_valid address?
5. If we are:
A. We didn‘t find any existing space that was large enough
-- ask the operating system for more and return that.
6. Otherwise:
A. Is the current space available (check is_available from
the mem_control_block)?
B. If it is:
i) Is it large enough (check "size" from the
mem_control_block)?
ii) If so:
a. Mark it as unavailable
b. Move past mem_control_block and return the
pointer
iii) Otherwise:
a. Move forward "size" bytes
b. Go back go step 4
C. Otherwise:
i) Move forward "size" bytes
ii) Go back to step 4
我们主要使用连接的指针遍历内存来寻找开放的内存块。这里是代码:
清单 6. 主分配程序
void *malloc(long numbytes) {
/* Holds where we are looking in memory */
void *current_location;
/* This is the same as current_location, but cast to a
* memory_control_block
*/
struct mem_control_block *current_location_mcb;
/* This is the memory location we will return. It will
* be set to 0 until we find something suitable
*/
void *memory_location;
/* Initialize if we haven‘t already done so */
if(! has_initialized) {
malloc_init();
}
/* The memory we search for has to include the memory
* control block, but the users of malloc don‘t need
* to know this, so we‘ll just add it in for them.
*/
numbytes = numbytes + sizeof(struct mem_control_block);
/* Set memory_location to 0 until we find a suitable
* location
*/
memory_location = 0;
/* Begin searching at the start of managed memory */
current_location = managed_memory_start;
/* Keep going until we have searched all allocated space */
while(current_location != last_valid_address)
{
/* current_location and current_location_mcb point
* to the same address. However, current_location_mcb
* is of the correct type, so we can use it as a struct.
* current_location is a void pointer so we can use it
* to calculate addresses.
*/
current_location_mcb =
(struct mem_control_block *)current_location;
if(current_location_mcb->is_available)
{
if(current_location_mcb->size >= numbytes)
{
/* Woohoo! We‘ve found an open,
* appropriately-size location.
*/
/* It is no longer available */
current_location_mcb->is_available = 0;
/* We own it */
memory_location = current_location;
/* Leave the loop */
break;
}
}
/* If we made it here, it‘s because the Current memory
* block not suitable; move to the next one
*/
current_location = current_location +
current_location_mcb->size;
}
/* If we still don‘t have a valid location, we‘ll
* have to ask the operating system for more memory
*/
if(! memory_location)
{
/* Move the program break numbytes further */
sbrk(numbytes);
/* The new memory will be where the last valid
* address left off
*/
memory_location = last_valid_address;
/* We‘ll move the last valid address forward
* numbytes
*/
last_valid_address = last_valid_address + numbytes;
/* We need to initialize the mem_control_block */
current_location_mcb = memory_location;
current_location_mcb->is_available = 0;
current_location_mcb->size = numbytes;
}
/* Now, no matter what (well, except for error conditions),
* memory_location has the address of the memory, including
* the mem_control_block
*/
/* Move the pointer past the mem_control_block */
memory_location = memory_location + sizeof(struct mem_control_block);
/* Return the pointer */
return memory_location;
}