LINQ全语法

Customer cust =
    db.Customers.First(c => c.CustomerID == "ALFKI");
cust.ContactTitle = "Vice President";
db.SubmitChanges();

var q = from p in db.Products
        where p.CategoryID == 1
        select p;
foreach (var p in q)
{
    p.UnitPrice += 1.00M;
}
db.SubmitChanges();

//我们打开一个新的连接来模拟另外一个用户
NorthwindDataContext otherUser_db = new NorthwindDataContext();
var otherUser_product =
    otherUser_db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 1);
otherUser_product.UnitPrice = 999.99M;
otherUser_db.SubmitChanges();
//我们当前连接
var product = db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 1);
product.UnitPrice = 777.77M;
try
{
    db.SubmitChanges();//当前连接执行成功
}
catch (ChangeConflictException)
{
}

//当前用户
var product = db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 1);
//我们打开一个新的连接来模拟另外一个用户
NorthwindDataContext otherUser_db = new NorthwindDataContext() ;
var otherUser_product = 
    otherUser_db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 1);
otherUser_product.UnitPrice = 999.99M;
otherUser_db.SubmitChanges();
//当前用户修改
product.UnitPrice = 777.77M;
try
{
    db.SubmitChanges();
}
catch (ChangeConflictException)
{
    //发生异常！
}

try
{
    Product prod1 = db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 4);
    Product prod2 = db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 5);
    prod1.UnitsInStock -= 3;
    prod2.UnitsInStock -= 5;//错误:库存数量的单位不能是负数
    //要么全部成功要么全部失败
    db.SubmitChanges();
}
catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e)
{
    //执行异常处理
}

using (TransactionScope ts = new TransactionScope())
{
    try
    {
        Product prod1 = db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 4);
        Product prod2 = db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 5);
        prod1.UnitsInStock -= 3;
        prod2.UnitsInStock -= 5;//错误:库存数量的单位不能是负数
        db.SubmitChanges();
    }
    catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e)
    {
        //执行异常处理
    }
}

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where e.ReportsToEmployee == null
    select e;

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where !e.ReportsTo.HasValue
    select e;

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where e.ReportsTo.HasValue
    select new
    {
        e.FirstName,
        e.LastName,
        ReportsTo = e.ReportsTo.Value
    };

var q =
    from o in db.Orders
    where o.OrderDate.Value.Year == 1997
    select o;

var q =
    from o in db.Orders
    where o.OrderDate.Value.Month == 12
    select o;

var q =
    from o in db.Orders
    where o.OrderDate.Value.Day == 31
    select o;

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    select new
    {
        c.CustomerID,
        Location = c.City + ", " + c.Country
    };

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    where p.ProductName.Length < 10
    select p;

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where c.ContactName.Contains("Anders")
    select c;

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    select new
    {
        c.ContactName,
        SpacePos = c.ContactName.IndexOf(" ")
    };

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where c.ContactName.StartsWith("Maria")
    select c;

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where c.ContactName.EndsWith("Anders")
    select c;

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    select p.ProductName.Substring(3);

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where e.HomePhone.Substring(6, 3) == "555"
    select e;

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    select new
    {
        LastName = e.LastName.ToUpper(),
        e.FirstName
    };

var q =
    from c in db.Categories
    select c.CategoryName.ToLower();

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    select e.HomePhone.Substring(0, 5).Trim();

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where e.HomePhone.Substring(4, 1) == ")"
    select e.HomePhone.Insert(5, ":");

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where e.HomePhone.Substring(4, 1) == ")"
    select e.HomePhone.Remove(9);

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where e.HomePhone.Substring(4, 1) == ")"
    select e.HomePhone.Remove(0, 6);

var q =
    from s in db.Suppliers
    select new
    {
        s.CompanyName,
        Country = s.Country
        .Replace("UK", "United Kingdom")
        .Replace("USA", "United States of America")
    };

Customer cust1 = db.Customers.First(c => c.CustomerID == "BONAP");
Customer cust2 = db.Customers.First(c => c.CustomerID == "BONAP");

Customer cust1 = db.Customers.First(c => c.CustomerID == "BONAP");
Customer cust2 = (
    from o in db.Orders
    where o.Customer.CustomerID == "BONAP"
    select o )
    .First()
    .Customer;

var custs =
     from c in db.Customers
     where c.City == "Sao Paulo"
     select c;
//上面的查询句法不会导致语句立即执行,仅仅是一个描述性的语句,
只有需要的时候才会执行它
foreach (var cust in custs)
{
    foreach (var ord in cust.Orders)
    {
        //同时查看客户数据和订单数据
    }
}

NorthwindDataContext db = new NorthwindDataContext();
DataLoadOptions ds = new DataLoadOptions();
ds.LoadWith<Customer>(p => p.Orders);
db.LoadOptions = ds;
var custs = (
     from c in db2.Customers
     where c.City == "Sao Paulo"
     select c);
foreach (var cust in custs)
{
    foreach (var ord in cust.Orders)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("CustomerID {0} has an OrderID {1}.",
            cust.CustomerID,
            ord.OrderID);
    }
}

NorthwindDataContext db2 = new NorthwindDataContext();
DataLoadOptions ds = new DataLoadOptions();
ds.AssociateWith<Customer>(
     p => p.Orders.Where(o => o.ShipVia > 1));
db2.LoadOptions = ds;
var custs =
     from c in db2.Customers
     where c.City == "London"
     select c;
foreach (var cust in custs)
{
    foreach (var ord in cust.Orders)
    {
        foreach (var orderDetail in ord.OrderDetails)
        {
           //可以查询出cust.CustomerID, ord.OrderID, ord.ShipVia,
           //orderDetail.ProductID, orderDetail.Product.ProductName
        }
    }
}

NorthwindDataContext db2 = new NorthwindDataContext();
DataLoadOptions ds = new DataLoadOptions();
ds.LoadWith<Customer>(p => p.Orders);
ds.LoadWith<Order>(p => p.OrderDetails);
ds.AssociateWith<Order>(
     p => p.OrderDetails.OrderBy(o => o.Quantity));
db2.LoadOptions = ds;
var custs = (
     from c in db2.Customers
     where c.City == "London"
     select c);
foreach (var cust in custs)
{
    foreach (var ord in cust.Orders)
    {
        foreach (var orderDetail in ord.OrderDetails)
        {
           //查询cust.CustomerID, ord.OrderID
           //orderDetail.ProductID, orderDetail.Quantity
        }
    }
}

private IEnumerable<Product> LoadProducts(Category category)
{
    //在执行LINQ to SQL的时候，这个LoadProducts分部方法
    //优先加载执行，这里用存储过程也可以. 
    return this.Products
        .Where(p => p.CategoryID == category.CategoryID)
        .Where(p => !p.Discontinued);
}

NorthwindDataContext db2 = new NorthwindDataContext();
DataLoadOptions ds = new DataLoadOptions();
ds.LoadWith<Category>(p => p.Products);
db2.LoadOptions = ds;
var q = (
     from c in db2.Categories
     where c.CategoryID < 3
     select c);
foreach (var cat in q)
{
    foreach (var prod in cat.Products)
    {
       //查询cat.CategoryID, prod.ProductID
    }
}

var q =
    from p in db.Products.AsEnumerable()
    where isValidProduct(p)
    select p;

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    where c.City == "London"
    select c;
Customer[] qArray = q.ToArray();

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    where e.HireDate >= new DateTime(1994, 1, 1)
    select e;
List<Employee> qList = q.ToList();

var q =
    from p in db.Products
    where p.UnitsInStock <= p.ReorderLevel && !p.Discontinued
    select p;
Dictionary<int, Product> qDictionary =
    q.ToDictionary(p => p.ProductID);
foreach (int key in qDictionary.Keys)
{
    Console.WriteLine(key);
}

//新建一个标准的ADO.NET连接:
SqlConnection nwindConn = new SqlConnection(connString);
nwindConn.Open();
// ... 其它的ADO.NET数据操作代码... //
//利用现有的ADO.NET连接来创建一个DataContext:
Northwind interop_db = new Northwind(nwindConn);
var orders =
     from o in interop_db.Orders
     where o.Freight > 500.00M
     select o;
//返回Freight>500.00M的订单
nwindConn.Close();

using (TransactionScope ts = new TransactionScope())
{
    db.SubmitChanges();
    ts.Complete();
}

var q =
     from p in db.Products
     where p.ProductID == 3
     select p;
//使用LINQ to SQL查询出来
//新建一个标准的ADO.NET连接:
SqlConnection nwindConn = new SqlConnection(connString);
nwindConn.Open();
//利用现有的ADO.NET连接来创建一个DataContext:
Northwind interop_db = new Northwind(nwindConn);
SqlTransaction nwindTxn = nwindConn.BeginTransaction();
try
{
    SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("UPDATE Products SET"
    +"QuantityPerUnit = ‘single item‘ WHERE ProductID = 3");
    cmd.Connection = nwindConn;
    cmd.Transaction = nwindTxn;
    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
    interop_db.Transaction = nwindTxn;
    Product prod1 = interop_db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 4);
    Product prod2 = interop_db.Products.First(p => p.ProductID == 5);
    prod1.UnitsInStock -= 3;
    prod2.UnitsInStock -= 5;//这有一个错误，不能为负数
    interop_db.SubmitChanges();
    nwindTxn.Commit();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
    //如果有一个错误，所有的操作回滚
    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
nwindConn.Close();

var products = db.ExecuteQuery<Product>(
    "SELECT [Product List].ProductID,"+
    "[Product List].ProductName " +
    "FROM Products AS [Product List] " +
    "WHERE [Product List].Discontinued = 0 " +
    "ORDER BY [Product List].ProductName;"
);

db.ExecuteCommand
    ("UPDATE Products SET UnitPrice = UnitPrice + 1.00");

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[NonRowset]
    (@param1 NVARCHAR(15))
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
     DECLARE @count int
     SELECT @count = COUNT(*)FROM Customers 
     WHERECustomers.Region = @Param1
     RETURN @count
END

[Function(Name = "dbo.[Customers Count By Region]")]
public int Customers_Count_By_Region([Parameter
(DbType = "NVarChar(15)")] string param1)
{
    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,
    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);
    return ((int)(result.ReturnValue));
}

int count = db.CustomersCountByRegion("WA");
Console.WriteLine(count);

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[Customers By City]
     -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
     (@param1 NVARCHAR(20))
AS
BEGIN
     -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
     -- interfering with SELECT statements.
     SET NOCOUNT ON;
     SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName, City from 
     Customers as c where c.City=@param1
END

[Function(Name="dbo.[Customers By City]")]
public ISingleResult<Customers_By_CityResult> Customers_By_City(
[Parameter(DbType="NVarChar(20)")] string param1)
{
    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, (
    (MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);
    return ((ISingleResult<Customers_By_CityResult>)
    (result.ReturnValue));
}

ISingleResult<Customers_By_CityResult> result =
 db.Customers_By_City("London");
foreach (Customers_By_CityResult cust in result)
{
    Console.WriteLine("CustID={0}; City={1}", cust.CustomerID,
        cust.City);
}

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[SingleRowset_MultiShape]
     -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
     (@param1 int )
AS
BEGIN
     -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
     -- interfering with SELECT statements.
     SET NOCOUNT ON;
     if(@param1 = 1)
     SELECT * from Customers as c where c.Region = ‘WA‘
     else if (@param1 = 2)
     SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName from 
     Customers as c where c.Region = ‘WA‘
END

[Function(Name="dbo.[Whole Or Partial Customers Set]")]
public ISingleResult<Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_SetResult> 
Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set([Parameter(DbType="Int")] 
System.Nullable<int> param1)
{
    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, 
    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);
    return ((ISingleResult<Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_SetResult>)
    (result.ReturnValue));
}

[Function(Name="dbo.[Whole Or Partial Customers Set]")]
[ResultType(typeof(WholeCustomersSetResult))]
[ResultType(typeof(PartialCustomersSetResult))]
public IMultipleResults Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set([Parameter
(DbType="Int")] System.Nullable<int> param1)
{
    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, 
    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), param1);
    return ((IMultipleResults)(result.ReturnValue));
}

//返回全部Customer结果集
IMultipleResults result = db.Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set(1);
IEnumerable<WholeCustomersSetResult> shape1 =
 result.GetResult<WholeCustomersSetResult>();
foreach (WholeCustomersSetResult compName in shape1)
{
    Console.WriteLine(compName.CompanyName);
}
//返回部分Customer结果集
result = db.Whole_Or_Partial_Customers_Set(2);
IEnumerable<PartialCustomersSetResult> shape2 =
 result.GetResult<PartialCustomersSetResult>();
foreach (PartialCustomersSetResult con in shape2)
{
    Console.WriteLine(con.ContactName);
}

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[Get Customer And Orders]
(@CustomerID nchar(5))
    -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
AS
BEGIN
    -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
    -- interfering with SELECT statements.
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
    SELECT * FROM Customers AS c WHERE c.CustomerID = @CustomerID  
    SELECT * FROM Orders AS o WHERE o.CustomerID = @CustomerID
END

[Function(Name="dbo.[Get Customer And Orders]")]
public ISingleResult<Get_Customer_And_OrdersResult>
Get_Customer_And_Orders([Parameter(Name="CustomerID",
DbType="NChar(5)")] string customerID)
{
     IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,
     ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), customerID);
     return ((ISingleResult<Get_Customer_And_OrdersResult>)
     (result.ReturnValue));
}

[Function(Name="dbo.[Get Customer And Orders]")]
[ResultType(typeof(CustomerResultSet))]
[ResultType(typeof(OrdersResultSet))]
public IMultipleResults Get_Customer_And_Orders
([Parameter(Name="CustomerID",DbType="NChar(5)")]
string customerID)
{
    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,
    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), customerID);
    return ((IMultipleResults)(result.ReturnValue));
}

IMultipleResults result = db.Get_Customer_And_Orders("SEVES");
//返回Customer结果集
IEnumerable<CustomerResultSet> customer = 
result.GetResult<CustomerResultSet>();
//返回Orders结果集
IEnumerable<OrdersResultSet> orders = 
 result.GetResult<OrdersResultSet>();
//在这里，我们读取CustomerResultSet中的数据
foreach (CustomerResultSet cust in customer)
{
    Console.WriteLine(cust.CustomerID);
}

ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[CustOrderTotal] 
@CustomerID nchar(5),
@TotalSales money OUTPUT
AS
SELECT @TotalSales = SUM(OD.UNITPRICE*(1-OD.DISCOUNT) * OD.QUANTITY)
FROM ORDERS O, "ORDER DETAILS" OD
where O.CUSTOMERID = @CustomerID AND O.ORDERID = OD.ORDERID

[Function(Name="dbo.CustOrderTotal")]
public int CustOrderTotal(
[Parameter(Name="CustomerID", DbType="NChar(5)")]string customerID,
[Parameter(Name="TotalSales", DbType="Money")]
  ref System.Nullable<decimal> totalSales)
{
    IExecuteResult result = this.ExecuteMethodCall(this,
    ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())),
    customerID, totalSales);
    totalSales = ((System.Nullable<decimal>)
    (result.GetParameterValue(1)));
    return ((int)(result.ReturnValue));
}

decimal? totalSales = 0;
string customerID = "ALFKI";
db.CustOrderTotal(customerID, ref totalSales);
Console.WriteLine("Total Sales for Customer ‘{0}‘ = {1:C}", 
customerID, totalSales);