django大全

DATABASES = {
    ‘default‘: {
    ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.mysql‘,
    ‘NAME‘:‘dbname‘,
    ‘USER‘: ‘root‘,
    ‘PASSWORD‘: ‘123456‘,
    ‘HOST‘: ‘‘,
    ‘PORT‘: ‘‘,
    }
}

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘templates‘),
)

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘static‘),
)

1、每个路由规则对应一个view中的函数

url(r‘^index/(\d*)‘, views.index),
url(r‘^list/(\d*)/(\d*)/$‘, views.list),    
url(r‘^manage/(?P<name>\w*)/(?P<id>\d*)‘, views.manage),
url(r‘^login/(?P<name>\w*)‘, views.login,{‘id‘:333}),
复制代码
def index(request,id):  # id形参的名字是随便定义的
    
    return render_to_response(‘index.html‘)

    
def list(request,id1,id2): # id1,id2形参的名字是随便定义的
    
    return render_to_response(‘list.html‘)


def manage(request,name,id):  # name,id形参的名字是和(?P<name>\w*)/(?P<id>\d*)是一样的
    
    return render_to_response(‘index.html‘)


def login(request,name,id):  # name,id形参的名字是和(?P<name>\w*)，{‘id‘:333}是一样的
    
    return render_to_response(‘login.html‘)
复制代码
2、根据app对路由规则进行一次分类

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from django.conf.urls import include
 
urlpatterns = patterns[
    url(r‘^web/‘, include(‘web.url‘)),
    url(r‘^app01/‘, include(‘app01.url‘)),
]
django中的路由系统和其他语言的框架有所不同，在django中每一个请求的url都要有一条路由映射，这样才能将请求交给对一个的view中的函数去处理。其他大部分的Web框架则是对一类的url请求做一条路由映射，从而是路由系统变得简洁。

>>> Publisher.objects.filter(name=‘广东人民出版社‘).aggregate(Count(‘name‘))

还可以自定义别名
>>> Publisher.objects.filter(name=‘广东人民出版社‘).aggregate(mycount = Count(‘name‘))

查询胡大海出的书的总价格是多少
>>> Book.objects.filter(authors__name=‘胡大海‘).aggregate(Sum(‘price‘))

查询各个作者出的书的总价格是多少
>>> Book.objects.values(‘authors__name‘).annotate(Sum(‘price‘))

查询各个出版社最便宜的书价是多少
>>> Book.objects.values(‘publisher__name‘).annotate(Min(‘price‘))

F 使用查询条件的值
    #
    # from django.db.models import F
    # models.Tb1.objects.update(num=F(‘num‘)+1)

    # Q 构建搜索条件
    from django.db.models import Q
    # con = Q()
    #
    # q1 = Q()
    # q1.connector = ‘OR‘
    # q1.children.append((‘id‘, 1))
    # q1.children.append((‘id‘, 10))
    # q1.children.append((‘id‘, 9))
    #
    # q2 = Q()
    # q2.connector = ‘OR‘
    # q2.children.append((‘c1‘, 1))
    # q2.children.append((‘c1‘, 10))
    # q2.children.append((‘c1‘, 9))
    #
    # con.add(q1, ‘AND‘)
    # con.add(q2, ‘AND‘)
    #
    # models.Tb1.objects.filter(con)

    #
    # from django.db import connection
    # cursor = connection.cursor()
    # cursor.execute("""SELECT * from tb where name = %s""", [‘Lennon‘])
    # row = cursor.fetchone()

from django import forms
from hello.models import Publisher

class PublisherForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(label="名称", error_messages={"required": "这个项必须填写"})
    address = forms.CharField(label="地址", error_messages={"required": "这个项必须填写"})
    city = forms.CharField(label="城市", error_messages={"required": "这个项必须填写"})
    state_province = forms.CharField(label="省份", error_messages={"required": "这个项必须填写"})
    country = forms.CharField(label="国家", error_messages={"required": "这个项必须填写"})
    website = forms.URLField(label="网址", error_messages={"required": "这个项必须填写"})

from django import forms
from hello.models import Publisher
    
class PublisherForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Publisher  # 把models中的Publisher类绑定过来
        exclude = ("id",)   # 指定不要显示的字段,fields是指定要显示的字段　

from django.shortcuts import render, render_to_response, redirect,HttpResponse
from hello.models import Publisher
from hello.forms import PublisherForm


def add_publisher(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        publisher_form = PublisherForm(request.POST)
        if publisher_form.is_valid():
            publisher_form.save()     # 这里这一句就把前端传过来的值全部写入数据库中了
            return HttpResponse("添加出版社信息成功！")
    else:
        publisher_form = PublisherForm()
    return render(request, ‘add_publisher.html‘, locals())

(1)LOCATION：

    Redis 服务器信息，可以是 address/port，也可以是 unix 域套接字。
    可配置单个string，或者是 strings 的列表。

    示例：
        127.0.0.1:6379                          #普通的TCP连接
        /path/to/socket                            # Unix 域套接字连接
        redis://[:password]@localhost:6379/0    # 普通的TCP连接
        rediss://[:password]@localhost:6379/0   # SSL 封装的 TCP 连接
                                                # http://redis.io/topics/encryption
        unix://[:password]@/path/to/socket.sock?db=0    # Unix 域套接字连接


    (2)Database Number：

    设置存储空间， 可在 OPTIONS 和 LOCATION 中配置 ( Default DB: 1)

    redis://@localhost:6379/0

    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘OPTIONS‘: {
                ‘DB‘: 1,
                ..
            },
            ...
        }
    }


    (3)Password：

    如果 Redis Server 设置了密码，则 CACHE 中也需要设置密码, 可在 OPTIONS 中配置，也可在 LOCATION 中配置

    CACHES = {
        ‘default‘: {
            ‘OPTIONS‘: {
                ‘PASSWORD‘: ‘yadayada‘,
                ...
            },
            ...
        }
    }

(1)配置好redis主从
$ sudo cp /etc/redis/redis.conf{,1}

$ sudo vi /etc/redis/redis.conf
37 daemonize yes
45 port 6379
64 bind 127.0.0.1
391 requirepass 123456

$ sudo vi /etc/redis/redis.conf1
37 daemonize yes
45 port 6380
64 bind 127.0.0.1
206 slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379
391 requirepass 123456

$ sudo redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
$ sudo redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf1
$ ps -ef | grep redis-server
root      44429   1627  0 14:53 ?        00:00:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379       
root      44447   1627  1 14:54 ?        00:00:00 redis-server 127.0.0.1:6380        
xiaozhi+  44480  27618  0 14:54 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto redis-server



(2)配置settings
CACHES = {
    ‘default‘: {
        ‘BACKEND‘: ‘redis_cache.RedisCache‘,
        ‘LOCATION‘: [‘127.0.0.1:6379‘,‘127.0.0.1:6380‘],
        ‘OPTIONS‘: {
            
            ‘MASTER_CACHE‘: ‘127.0.0.1:6379‘,
            ‘DB‘: 2,
            ‘PASSWORD‘: ‘123456‘,
        },
        ‘KEY_PREFIX‘: ‘MyProject‘,
        ‘TIMEOUT‘: 480
    }
}

(3)使用url方式进行view缓存

from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^admin/‘, include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r‘^$‘,cache_page(60 * 15)(Index.as_view())=,name=‘INDEX‘),
    url(r‘^index2/$‘,Index2.as_view(),name=‘INDEX2‘),
]

或者在views中的方法上调用装饰器
from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page

@cache_page(60 * 15, key_prefix=‘index2‘)
def Index2(request):
    return render(request,‘index.html‘)
    
    
    

(4)使用template片段缓存
{% extends ‘base.html‘ %}
{% load cache %}
{% load staticfiles %}
.
.
{% cache 500 sidebar %}
.
{% endcache %}　　

Model signals
    pre_init                    # django的modal执行其构造方法前，自动触发
    post_init                   # django的modal执行其构造方法后，自动触发
    pre_save                    # django的modal对象保存前，自动触发
    post_save                   # django的modal对象保存后，自动触发
    pre_delete                  # django的modal对象删除前，自动触发
    post_delete                 # django的modal对象删除后，自动触发
    m2m_changed                 # django的modal中使用m2m字段操作第三张表（add,remove,clear）前后，自动触发
    class_prepared              # 程序启动时，检测已注册的app中modal类，对于每一个类，自动触发
Management signals
    pre_migrate                 # 执行migrate命令前，自动触发
    post_migrate                # 执行migrate命令后，自动触发
Request/response signals
    request_started             # 请求到来前，自动触发
    request_finished            # 请求结束后，自动触发
    got_request_exception       # 请求异常后，自动触发
Test signals
    setting_changed             # 使用test测试修改配置文件时，自动触发
    template_rendered           # 使用test测试渲染模板时，自动触发
Database Wrappers
    connection_created          # 创建数据库连接时，自动触发

from django.core.signals import request_finished
from django.core.signals import request_started
from django.core.signals import got_request_exception

from django.db.models.signals import class_prepared
from django.db.models.signals import pre_init, post_init
from django.db.models.signals import pre_save, post_save
from django.db.models.signals import pre_delete, post_delete
from django.db.models.signals import m2m_changed
from django.db.models.signals import pre_migrate, post_migrate

from django.test.signals import setting_changed
from django.test.signals import template_rendered

from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created


def callback(sender, **kwargs):
    print("xxoo_callback")
    print(sender,kwargs)

xxoo.connect(callback)
# xxoo指上述导入的内容

from django.core.signals import request_finished
from django.dispatch import receiver

@receiver(request_finished)
def my_callback(sender, **kwargs):
    print("Request finished!")