一、FBV和CBV
FBV:是视图函数以函数的方式写逻辑代码
CBV:是视图以类的方式写逻辑代码
如CBV: views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from django.views import View
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt,csrf_protect
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from app01 import models
class LoginView(View):
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return super(LoginView, self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return render(request, ‘login.html‘)
def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
user = request.POST.get(‘user‘)
pwd = request.POST.get(‘pwd‘)
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
if obj:
request.session[‘user_info‘] = {‘id‘: obj.id, ‘username‘: obj.username}
return redirect(‘/users.html‘)
return render(request, ‘login.html‘, {‘msg‘: ‘去你的‘})
如FBV: views.py
def register(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = RegisterForm()
return render(request, ‘register.html‘, {‘form‘: form})
else:
response = {‘status‘: True, ‘data‘: None, ‘msg‘: None}
form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data)
else:
response[‘status‘] = False
response[‘msg‘] = form.errors
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response))
二、form表单组建使用
导入forms模块
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
#创建表单类
class UserForm(Form):
username = fields.CharField(
required=True,
error_messages={‘required‘: ‘用户名不能为空‘},
widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})
)
password = fields.CharField(
required=True,
error_messages={‘required‘: ‘邮箱不能为空‘, ‘invalid‘: ‘邮箱格式错误‘},
widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})
)
ut_id = fields.ChoiceField(
choices = [],
widget = widgets.Select(attrs={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})
)
role_id = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=[],
widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(UserForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
self.fields[‘ut_id‘].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘title‘)
self.fields[‘role_id‘].choices = models.Role.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘caption‘)
注: username, password,渲染到页面是input标签属性的name值
fields.CharField表示输入文本类型，
fields.ChoiceField表示单选下拉框
fields.MultipleChoiceField表示多选下拉框
required=True表示必填选项
error_messages={‘required‘: ‘用户名不能为空‘}表示错误提示
widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})表示增加class属性
form表单对页面渲染
views.py
class AddUserView(AuthView, View):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
form = UserForm()
return render(request, ‘add_user.html‘, {‘form‘: form})
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
form = UserForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
role_id_list = form.cleaned_data.pop(‘role_id‘)
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
obj.rl.add(*role_id_list)
return redirect(‘/users.html‘)
else:
print(form.errors)
return render(request, ‘add_user.html‘, {‘form‘: form})
add_user.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加用户</h1>
<form method="POST" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
用户名: {{ form.username }} {{ form.errors.username.0 }}
</p>
<p>
密码: {{ form.password }} {{ form.errors.password.0 }}
</p>
<p>
用户类型: {{ form.ut_id }} {{ form.errors.ut_id.0 }}
</p>
<p>
角色: {{ form.role_id }} {{ form.errors.role_id.0 }}
</p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
注: form.username表示name="username"的input框, form.errors.username.0验证填写是否正确，
错误返回error_messages={‘required‘: ‘用户名不能为空‘}编写的信息
三、登录验证:
继承：
单继承：
# class BaseView(View):
# def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# if request.session.get(‘username‘):
# response = super(BaseView,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
# return response
# else:
# return redirect(‘/login.html‘)
#
# class IndexView(BaseView):
#
# def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse(request.session[‘username‘])
多继承：
# 多继承方式：
# class BaseView(object):
# def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# if request.session.get(‘username‘):
# response = super(BaseView,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
# return response
# else:
# return redirect(‘/login.html‘)
#
# class IndexView(BaseView,View):
#
# def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# return HttpResponse(request.session[‘username‘])
装饰器：
def auth(func):
def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
if request.session.get(‘username‘):
obj = func(request,*args,**kwargs)
return obj
else:
return redirect(‘/login.html‘)
return inner
# @method_decorator(auth,name=‘get‘)
class IndexView(View):
@method_decorator(auth)
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
if request.session.get(‘username‘):
response = super(IndexView,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
return response
else:
return redirect(‘/login.html‘)
@method_decorator(auth)
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse(request.session[‘username‘])
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt) # 无效
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse(request.session[‘username‘])
四、序列化
方式一：
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
data = serializers.serialize("json", user_list)
[
{"model": "app01.userinfo", "pk": 1, "fields": {"username": "\u5174\u666e", "password": "123123"}},
{"model": "app01.userinfo", "pk": 2, "fields": {"username": "\u94f6\u79cb\u826f", "password": "666"}}
]
方式二：
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.values(‘id‘,‘username‘)
user_list = list(user_list)
data = json.dumps(user_list)
[
{"username": "\u5174\u666e", "id": 1},
{"username": "\u94f6\u79cb\u826f", "id": 2}
问题：对json.dumps做定制：
import json
from datetime import date
from datetime import datetime
class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, field):
if isinstance(field, datetime):
return field.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S‘)
elif isinstance(field, date):
return field.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d‘)
else:
return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, field)
user_list = [
{‘id‘:1,‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘ctime‘: datetime.now()},
{‘id‘:2,‘name‘:‘eric‘,‘ctime‘: datetime.now()}
]
data = json.dumps(user_list,cls=JsonCustomEncoder)
print(data)
五、form表单验证总结
1、创建Form类（本质就是正则表达式的集合）
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
class UserForm(Form):
username = fields.CharField(
required=True,
error_messages={‘required‘:‘用户名不能为空‘},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘:‘form-control‘})
)
password = fields.CharField(
required=True,
error_messages={‘required‘: ‘邮箱不能为空‘,‘invalid‘:‘邮箱格式错误‘},
widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})
ut_id = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=[],
widget=widgets.Select(attrs={‘class‘:‘form-control‘})
)
role_id = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=[],
widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={‘class‘:‘form-control‘})
)
def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
super(UserForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
# self.fields已经有所有拷贝的字段
self.fields[‘ut_id‘].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘title‘)
self.fields[‘role_id‘].choices = models.Role.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘caption‘)
2.只是生成HTML标签: 添加页面
form = MyForm()
{{form.xx}}
3. 带默认值的HTML标签： 编辑页面
form = MyForm(initial={‘xx‘: xxx})
{{form.xx}}
4. 提交数据
form = MyForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data)
else:
print(form.errors)
问题：下拉框数据无法实时更新
class UserForm(Form):
username = fields.CharField(
required=True,
error_messages={‘required‘:‘用户名不能为空‘}
)
password = fields.CharField(
required=True,
error_messages={‘required‘: ‘邮箱不能为空‘,‘invalid‘:‘邮箱格式错误‘}
)
ut_id = fields.ChoiceField(choices=[])
def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
super(UserForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
self.fields[‘ut_id‘].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘title‘)
本文出自 “linux技术” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://haoyonghui.blog.51cto.com/4278020/1964492
原文地址：http://haoyonghui.blog.51cto.com/4278020/1964492
