Lumen手记：register与boot

/**
   *  注册外部服务
   */
$app->register(Dingo\Api\Provider\LumenServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(Barryvdh\LaravelIdeHelper\IdeHelperServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(Maatwebsite\Excel\ExcelServiceProvider::class);

/**
   *   注册内部服务
   */
$app->register(App\Providers\User\UserServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(App\Providers\Validate\ValidateServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(App\Providers\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class);

    /**
     * Register a service provider with the application.(申请登记服务提供商)
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|string  $provider
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider
     */
    public function register($provider)
    {
　　　　
        if (! $provider instanceof ServiceProvider) {　　
            $provider = new $provider($this);
        }

        if (array_key_exists($providerName = get_class($provider), $this->loadedProviders)) {
            return;
        }

        $this->loadedProviders[$providerName] = true;

        if (method_exists($provider, ‘register‘)) {
            $provider->register();
        }

        if (method_exists($provider, ‘boot‘)) {
            return $this->call([$provider, ‘boot‘]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Call the given Closure / class@method and inject its dependencies.（调用给定的闭包/类@方法并注入它的依赖项。）
     *
     * @param  callable|string  $callback
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  string|null  $defaultMethod
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function call($callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
    {
        return BoundMethod::call($this, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);
    }

/**
     * Call the given Closure / class@method and inject its dependencies.(调用给定的闭包/类@方法并注入它的依赖项。)
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container
     * @param  callable|string  $callback
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  string|null  $defaultMethod
     * @return mixed
     */
    public static function call($container, $callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
    {
        if (static::isCallableWithAtSign($callback) || $defaultMethod) {
            return static::callClass($container, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);
        }

        return static::callBoundMethod($container, $callback, function () use ($container, $callback, $parameters) {
            return call_user_func_array(
                $callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters)
            );
        });
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given string is in Class@method syntax.（确定给定的字符串是类”方法的语法。）
     *
     * @param  mixed  $callback
     * @return bool
     */
    protected static function isCallableWithAtSign($callback)
    {
        return is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, ‘@‘) !== false;
    }

    /**
     * Call a method that has been bound to the container.（调用已绑定到容器的方法。）
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container  $container
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected static function callBoundMethod($container, $callback, $default)
    {
        if (! is_array($callback)) {
            return $default instanceof Closure ? $default() : $default;
        }

        // Here we need to turn the array callable into a Class@method string we can use to
        // examine the container and see if there are any method bindings for this given
        // method. If there are, we can call this method binding callback immediately.
        $method = static::normalizeMethod($callback);

        if ($container->hasMethodBinding($method)) {
            return $container->callMethodBinding($method, $callback[0]);
        }

        return $default instanceof Closure ? $default() : $default;
    }

return static::callBoundMethod($container, $callback, function () use ($container, $callback, $parameters) {
            return call_user_func_array(
                $callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters)
            );
        });

    /**
     * Get all dependencies for a given method.（获取给定方法的所有依赖项。）
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Container\Container
     * @param  callable|string  $callback
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return array
     */
    protected static function getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, array $parameters = [])
    {
        $dependencies = [];

        foreach (static::getCallReflector($callback)->getParameters() as $parameter) {
            static::addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter, $parameters, $dependencies);
        }

        return array_merge($dependencies, $parameters);
    }