这次为大家介绍一款批量部署工具ansible，主要有以下几点优点：1、充分利用现有设施。使用 Ansible 无需安装服务端和客户端，只要 SSH 即可。这意味着，任何一台装有 Ansible 的机器都可以成为强大的管理端。我觉得，这种去中心化的思路显得更为灵活。可能有人会担心 SSH 的效率，Ansible 的并行执行及加速模式或许可以打消你的顾虑。2、使用简单，快速上手相当容易。Ansible 上手十分快，用 Ad-Hoc 可以应付简单的管理任务，麻烦点的也可以定义 Playbook 文件来搞定。3、采用人类易读的格式。Ansible 的主机定义文件使用 INI 格式，支持分组，能够指定模式；此外也能动态生成，这对管理云主机应当很有用。而 Playbook 则是 YAML 格式。4、能够使用你熟悉的语言来编写模块。虽然 Ansible 是使用 Python 开发的，但它不会将你限制到某种具体的编程语言，Bash、Python、Perl、Ruby 等等都可以，你擅长什么就用什么。
一言以蔽之，Ansible 背后的简单化哲学深得我心。这也比较符合我选择软件的一贯原则。可能还有人会比较关心目前 Ansible 都有谁在用。毕竟，榜样的力量是无穷。Puppet 不正是因为 Google 在用而吸引了不少眼球么？据我所知，当前使用 Ansible 较为知名的用户包括 Fedora、Rackspace、Evernote 等等。
Ansible企业应用：
Ansible Core. //核心功能
Modules:
Core Modules //核心功能
Customed Modules //自定义模块
Host Inventory //主机库和主机清单，用来定义要管理的主机
File
CMDB(配置管理数据)
PlayBooks //剧本，定义没个主机扮演的角色
Hosts. //主机
roles. //角色
Connection Plugins. //连接插件，连接至被管控主机，完成并发连接，默认一次管理5台，但是可以修改。
★安装：
# yum install ansible -y （epel仓库中）
★程序：
ansible
ansible-playbook //唱剧本
ansible-doc //获取帮助文档
★配置文件
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg //核心配置文件
★主机清单：
/etc/ansible/hosts
★插件目录：
/usr/share/ansible_plugins/
[root@cml1~]# ssh-keygen
[root@cml1~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.5.102
[root@cml1~]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@cml1ansible]# vim hosts
[webserver]
192.168.5.102
192.168.5.104
[root@cml1ansible]# ansible webserver --list-hosts
hosts (2):
192.168.5.102
192.168.5.104
[root@cml1~]# cat /etc/ansible/nginx.yaml
- hosts: 192.168.5.102
remote_user: root
roles:
-nginx_install ###roles目录下的nginx_install目录
-nginx_config ###roles目录下的nginx_config目录
[root@cml1 roles]# tree
.
├── nginx_config
│ ├── default
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── meta
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ │ └── temp_server.conf
│ └── vars
│ └── main.yml
└── nginx_install
├──default
├──files
│ └── nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
├──handlers
│ └── main.yml
├──meta
├──tasks
│ └── main.yml
├──templates
│ └── nginx.conf
└── vars
[root@cml1roles]# cd nginx_install/
[root@cml1nginx_install]# ls
default files handlers meta tasks templates vars
6、task定义开始任务：
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd tasks/
[root@cml1tasks]# cat main.yml
- name: copynginx package to remote host
copy: src=nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz dest=/tmp/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz ##拉取nginx解压吧
tags: cppkg
- name: tarnginx
shell: cd /tmp;tar -xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz ##解压nginx包
- name: installpakger
yum: name={{ item }} state=latest ##安装依赖包
with_items:
- openssl-devel
- pcre-devel
- gcc
- name: installnginx
shell: cd /tmp/nginx-1.12.0;./configure--user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre;make&& make install ####编译安装
- name: copyconf file nginx.conf
template: src=nginx.confdest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ###复制在template目录下的配置文件
tags: ngxconf
- name: copyshell
copy: src=/opt/create_users.shdest=/tmp/create_users.sh ##拉取创建用户的shell脚本
- name: createuser nginx
shell: /bin/bash /tmp/create_users.sh
tags: addnginx
notify: start nginx service为什么要写这个脚本？因为加入有些主机创建的用户已存在就会报错
[root@cml1tasks]# cat /opt/create_users.sh #!/bin/bash a=`cat/etc/passwd | grep nginx | wc -l` if [ $a == 0];then useradd nginx fi
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd files/ [root@cml1files]# ls nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd templates/
[root@cml1templates]# ls
nginx.conf
[root@cml1templates]# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user[$time_local] "$request" ‘
# ‘$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" ‘
# ‘"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
log_format xiaoluo ‘$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] ‘
‘"$request" $status$body_bytes_sent ‘
‘"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ‘;
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen {{ ngxport }};
server_name wwwNaNl.com
access_log logs/wwwNaNl.com xiaoluo;
#location / {
# proxy_pass http://192.168.5.101;
#}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to thestatic page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apachelistening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGIserver listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root /web;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, ifApache‘s document root
# concurs with nginx‘s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
include vhosts/*.conf;
}##需要注意的就是模板变量（客户端自动采集）、和在服务端定义的变量{{ngx_port}}
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd vars/ [root@cml1vars]# cat main.yml ngxport:"8080"
[root@cml1nginx_install]# cd handlers/ [root@cml1handlers]# cat main.yml - name: startnginx service shell: /usr/loal/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@cml1roles]# cd nginx_config/
[root@cml1nginx_config]# ls
default files handlers meta tasks templates vars
[root@cml1nginx_config]# cd templates/
[root@cml1templates]# ls
temp_server.conf
[root@cml1templates]# cat temp_server.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name {{server_name }};
index index.phpindex.html;
root {{root_dir }};
}
###在var定义变量：
[root@cml1templates]# cd ../vars/ [root@cml1vars]# cat main.yml server_name: "www.xiaoluo.com" root_dir:"/web"
11、写配置nginx的tasks步骤：
[root@cml1nginx_config]# cd tasks/
[root@cml1tasks]# ls
main.yml
[root@cml1tasks]# cat main.yml
- name: createvhosts
shell: mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/
tags: create_dir
- name: copyconf file nginx.conf # 调用templates模块
template: src=temp_server.confdest=/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/{{ server_name }}.conf
tags: ngxconf
notify: reload nginx service
###定义重启触发器：
[root@cml1tasks]# cd ../handlers/
You have newmail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@cml1handlers]# cat main.yml
- name: reloadnginx service
shell: /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx-t;/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
测试：
[root@cml1ansible]# ansible-playbook -C nginx.yaml PLAY[192.168.5.104] ********************************************************** GATHERING FACTS*************************************************************** ok:[192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] ********************* changed:[192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_install | tar nginx] ********************************************* skipping:[192.168.5.104] ok:[192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_install | install pakger] **************************************** changed: [192.168.5.104]=> (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc) TASK:[nginx_install | install nginx] ***************************************** skipping:[192.168.5.104] ok:[192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_install | copy conf file nginx.conf] ***************************** changed:[192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_install | copy shell] ******************************************** changed:[192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_install | create user nginx] ************************************* skipping:[192.168.5.104] ok: [192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_config | create vhosts] ****************************************** skipping:[192.168.5.104] ok:[192.168.5.104] TASK:[nginx_config | copy conf file nginx.conf] ****************************** changed:[192.168.5.104] NOTIFIED:[nginx_config | reload nginx service] ******************************* skipping:[192.168.5.104] ok:[192.168.5.104] PLAY RECAP******************************************************************** 192.168.5.104 : ok=6 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@cml1 ansible]# ansible-playbook nginx.yaml PLAY [192.168.5.104] ********************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_install | copy nginx package to remote host] ********************* ok: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_install | tar nginx] ********************************************* changed: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_install | install pakger] **************************************** ok: [192.168.5.104] => (item=openssl-devel,pcre-devel,gcc) TASK: [nginx_install | install nginx] ***************************************** changed: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_install | copy conf file nginx.conf] ***************************** ok: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_install | copy shell] ******************************************** ok: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_install | create user nginx] ************************************* changed: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_config | create vhosts] ****************************************** changed: [192.168.5.104] TASK: [nginx_config | copy conf file nginx.conf] ****************************** ok: [192.168.5.104] NOTIFIED: [nginx_install | start nginx service] ******************************* changed: [192.168.5.104] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.5.104 : ok=11 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@cml3 ~]# ifconfig
ens34: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.5.104 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.5.255
[root@cml3 ~]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29264/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29264/nginx: master
下面是介绍如何定义日志：（在ansible1.9.1版本之后有个bug所以定义不了日志文件只能降版本到1.9.1了）
需要安装gcc、python-devel [root@cml1 ~]#yum install python-pip [root@cml1 ~]#pip install ansible==1.9.1
[root@cml1tasks]# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg callback_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback bin_ansible_callbacks= True
[root@cml1tasks]# cd /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback
[root@cml1callback]# ls
log.py log.pyc
[root@cml1callback]# cat log.py
import os
import time
import json
TIME_FORMAT="%b%d %Y %H:%M:%S"
MSG_FORMAT="%(now)s- %(category)s - %(data)s\n\n"
if notos.path.exists("/var/log/ansible/hosts"):
os.makedirs("/var/log/ansible/hosts")
def log(host,category, data):
if type(data) == dict:
if ‘verbose_override‘ in data:
# avoid logging extraneous datafrom facts
data = ‘omitted‘
else:
data = data.copy()
invocation = data.pop(‘invocation‘,None)
data = json.dumps(data)
if invocation is not None:
data = json.dumps(invocation) +" => %s " % data
path =os.path.join("/var/log/ansible/hosts", host)
now = time.strftime(TIME_FORMAT,time.localtime())
fd =open(path, "a")
fd.write(MSG_FORMAT % dict(now=now,category=category, data=data))
fd.close()
classCallbackModule(object):
"""
logs playbook results, per host, in/var/log/ansible/hosts
"""
def on_any(self, *args, **kwargs):
pass
def runner_on_failed(self, host, res,ignore_errors=False):
log(host, ‘FAILED‘, res)
def runner_on_ok(self, host, res):
log(host, ‘OK‘, res)
def runner_on_skipped(self, host,item=None):
log(host, ‘SKIPPED‘, ‘...‘)
def runner_on_unreachable(self, host, res):
log(host, ‘UNREACHABLE‘, res)
def runner_on_no_hosts(self):
pass
def runner_on_async_poll(self, host, res,jid, clock):
pass
def runner_on_async_ok(self, host, res,jid):
pass
def runner_on_async_failed(self, host, res,jid):
log(host, ‘ASYNC_FAILED‘, res)
def playbook_on_start(self):
pass
def playbook_on_notify(self, host,handler):
pass
def playbook_on_no_hosts_matched(self):
pass
def playbook_on_no_hosts_remaining(self):
pass
def playbook_on_task_start(self, name,is_conditional):
pass
def playbook_on_vars_prompt(self, varname,private=True, prompt=None, encrypt=None, confirm=False, salt_size=None,salt=None, default=None):
pass
def playbook_on_setup(self):
pass
def playbook_on_import_for_host(self, host,imported_file):
log(host, ‘IMPORTED‘, imported_file)
def playbook_on_not_import_for_host(self,host, missing_file):
log(host, ‘NOTIMPORTED‘, missing_file)
def playbook_on_play_start(self, name):
pass
def playbook_on_stats(self, stats):
pass本文出自 “第一个legehappy51cto博客” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://legehappy.blog.51cto.com/13251607/1975399
原文地址：http://legehappy.blog.51cto.com/13251607/1975399
