fastIO

char cc;
namespace fastIO {
	const int size=1<<15|1;
	char buf[size],*l,*r;
	void getChar(char &c) {
		if(l==r) r=(l=buf)+fread(buf,1,size,stdin);
		c= l==r? (char)EOF:*l++;
	}
	template<typename T> void read(T &aa) {
		aa=0;getChar(cc);
		while(cc<‘0‘||cc>‘9‘) getChar(cc);
		while(cc>=‘0‘&&cc<=‘9‘) aa=aa*10+cc-‘0‘,getChar(cc);
	}
}