Django的Models(二)映射关系

#一对多(ForeignKey):

    #方式一: 由于绑定一对多的字段,比如publish,存到数据库中的字段名叫publish_id,所以我们可以直接给这个
    #       字段设定对应值:
           Book.objects.create(title=‘php‘,
                               publisher_id=2,   #这里的2是指为该book对象绑定了Publisher表中id=2的行对象
                               publication_date=‘2017-7-7‘,
                               price=99)


    #方式二:
    #       <1> 先获取要绑定的Publisher对象:
        pub_obj=Publisher(name=‘河大出版社‘,address=‘保定‘,city=‘保定‘,
                state_province=‘河北‘,country=‘China‘,website=‘http://www.hbu.com‘)
    OR  pub_obj=Publisher.objects.get(id=1)

    #       <2>将 publisher_id=2 改为  publisher=pub_obj

#多对多(ManyToManyField()):

    author1=Author.objects.get(id=1)
    author2=Author.objects.filter(name=‘alvin‘)[0]
    book=Book.objects.get(id=1)
    book.authors.add(author1,author2)
    #等同于:
    book.authors.add(*[author1,author2])
    book.authors.remove(*[author1,author2])
    #-------------------
    book=models.Book.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
    authors=models.Author.objects.filter(id=1)[0]
    authors.book_set.add(*book)
    authors.book_set.remove(*book)
    #-------------------
    book.authors.add(1)
    book.authors.remove(1)
    authors.book_set.add(1)
    authors.book_set.remove(1)

#注意: 如果第三张表是通过models.ManyToManyField()自动创建的,那么绑定关系只有上面一种方式
#     如果第三张表是自己创建的:
     class Book2Author(models.Model):
            author=models.ForeignKey("Author")
            Book=  models.ForeignKey("Book")
#     那么就还有一种方式:
            author_obj=models.Author.objects.filter(id=2)[0]
            book_obj  =models.Book.objects.filter(id=3)[0]

            s=models.Book2Author.objects.create(author_id=1,Book=book_obj)

            s=models.Book2Author(author=author_obj,Book_id=1)
            s.save()

 1 #正向
 2 book = models.Book.objects.filter(id=1).first()
 3 #这里不能使QuerySet的对象
 4 #删除第三张表中和女孩1关联的所有关联信息
 5 book.author.clear()        #清空与book中id=1 关联的所有数据
 6 book.author.remove(2)  #可以为id
 7 book.author.remove(*[1,2,3,4])     #可以为列表,前面加*
 8 
 9 #反向
10 author = models.Author.objects.filter(id=1)[0]
11 author.book_set.clear() #清空与boy中id=1 关联的所有数据

obj=Book.objects.filter(id=1)[0]
    author=Author.objects.filter(id__gt=2)

    obj.author.clear()
    obj.author.add(*author)

#--------------------对象形式的查找--------------------------
    # 正向查找
    ret1=models.Book.objects.first()
    print(ret1.title)
    print(ret1.price)
    print(ret1.publisher)
    print(ret1.publisher.name)  #因为一对多的关系所以ret1.publisher是一个对象,而不是一个queryset集合

    # 反向查找
    ret2=models.Publish.objects.last()
    print(ret2.name)
    print(ret2.city)
    #如何拿到与它绑定的Book对象呢?
    print(ret2.book_set.all()) #ret2.book_set是一个queryset集合

#---------------了不起的双下划线(__)之单表条件查询----------------

#    models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1)   # 获取id大于1 且 小于10的值
#
#    models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33])   # 获取id等于11、22、33的数据
#    models.Tb1.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33])  # not in
#
#    models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven")
#    models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains大小写不敏感
#
#    models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 2])   # 范围bettwen and
#
#    startswith，istartswith, endswith, iendswith,

#----------------了不起的双下划线(__)之多表条件关联查询---------------

# 正向查找(条件)

#     ret3=models.Book.objects.filter(title=‘Python‘).values(‘id‘)
#     print(ret3)#[{‘id‘: 1}]

      #正向查找(条件)之一对多

      ret4=models.Book.objects.filter(title=‘Python‘).values(‘publisher__city‘)
      print(ret4)  #[{‘publisher__city‘: ‘北京‘}]

      #正向查找(条件)之多对多
      ret5=models.Book.objects.filter(title=‘Python‘).values(‘author__name‘)
      print(ret5)
      ret6=models.Book.objects.filter(author__name="alex").values(‘title‘)
      print(ret6)

      #注意
      #正向查找的publisher__city或者author__name中的publisher,author是book表中绑定的字段
      #一对多和多对多在这里用法没区别

# 反向查找(条件)

    #反向查找之一对多:
    ret8=models.Publisher.objects.filter(book__title=‘Python‘).values(‘name‘)
    print(ret8)#[{‘name‘: ‘人大出版社‘}]  注意,book__title中的book就是Publisher的关联表名

    ret9=models.Publisher.objects.filter(book__title=‘Python‘).values(‘book__authors‘)
    print(ret9)#[{‘book__authors‘: 1}, {‘book__authors‘: 2}]

    #反向查找之多对多:
    ret10=models.Author.objects.filter(book__title=‘Python‘).values(‘name‘)
    print(ret10)#[{‘name‘: ‘alex‘}, {‘name‘: ‘alvin‘}]

    #注意
    #正向查找的book__title中的book是表名Book
    #一对多和多对多在这里用法没区别