visudo

标签：visudo

root = 用户名或者用户别名

第一个ALL = 所有主机    或者是 主机别名

第二个ALL = 作为所运行的用户  或者是用户别名

第三个ALL = 作为所有的用户组    或者是用户组的别名

 第四个ALL = 所有的命令     或者是该命令的别名

## Host Aliases

## Groups of machines. You may prefer to use hostnames (perhaps using

## wildcards for entire domains) or IP addresses instead.

# Host_Alias     FILESERVERS = fs1, fs2

# Host_Alias     MAILSERVERS = smtp, smtp2

## User Aliases

## These aren't often necessary, as you can use regular groups

## (ie, from files, LDAP, NIS, etc) in this file - just use %groupname

## rather than USERALIAS

# User_Alias ADMINS = jsmith, mikem

## Command Aliases

## These are groups of related commands...

## Networking

# Cmnd_Alias NETWORKING = /sbin/route, /sbin/ifconfig, /bin/ping, /sbin/dhclient, /usr/bin/net, /sbin/iptables, /usr/bin/rfcomm, /usr/bin/wvdial, /sbin/iwconfig, /sbin/mii-tool, /bin/netstat

## Installation and management of software

# Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum

## Services

# Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig, /usr/bin/systemctl start, /usr/bin/systemctl stop, /usr/bin/systemctl reload, /usr/bin/systemctl restart, /usr/bin/systemctl status, /usr/bin/systemctl enable, /usr/bin/systemctl disable

# Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig, /usr/bin/systemctl start, /usr/bin/systemctl stop, /usr/bin/systemctl reload, /usr/bin/systemctl restart, /usr/bin/systemctl status, /usr/bin/systemctl enable, /usr/bin/systemctl disable, /bin/netstat

## self_cmd

Cmnd_Alias SELF = /bin/netstat, /bin/systemctl, /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig, /sbin/iptables

## Updating the locate database

# Cmnd_Alias LOCATE = /usr/bin/updatedb

## Storage

# Cmnd_Alias STORAGE = /sbin/fdisk, /sbin/sfdisk, /sbin/parted, /sbin/partprobe, /bin/mount, /bin/umount

## Delegating permissions

# Cmnd_Alias DELEGATING = /usr/sbin/visudo, /bin/chown, /bin/chmod, /bin/chgrp

## Processes

# Cmnd_Alias PROCESSES = /bin/nice, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/kill, /usr/bin/killall

## Drivers

# Cmnd_Alias DRIVERS = /sbin/modprobe

# Defaults specification

#

# Refuse to run if unable to disable echo on the tty.

#

Defaults   !visiblepw

#

# Preserving HOME has security implications since many programs

# use it when searching for configuration files. Note that HOME

# is already set when the the env_reset option is enabled, so

# this option is only effective for configurations where either

# env_reset is disabled or HOME is present in the env_keep list.

#

Defaults    always_set_home

Defaults    match_group_by_gid

Defaults    env_reset

Defaults    env_keep =  "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE KDEDIR LS_COLORS"

Defaults    env_keep += "MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE"

Defaults    env_keep += "LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES"

Defaults    env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE"

Defaults    env_keep += "LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY"

#

# Adding HOME to env_keep may enable a user to run unrestricted

# commands via sudo.

#

# Defaults   env_keep += "HOME"

Defaults    secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

## Next comes the main part: which users can run what software on

## which machines (the sudoers file can be shared between multiple

## systems).

## Syntax:

##

##      user    MACHINE=COMMANDS

##

## The COMMANDS section may have other options added to it.

##

## Allow root to run any commands anywhere

#第一个字段是用户或用户别名， 第二个字段中的第一个ALL 是任意主机第二ALL是作为任意用户可换成具体的用户， 第三个字段的ALL代表的是具体的命令或者命令别名。

root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL

# 该用户运行命令别名是SELF下的命令时，不需要输入密码，该用户可以使用任意主机和任意用户执行SELF的

username ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: SELF   

# 该用户运行命令别名是SELF下的命令时，需要输入密码，该用户可以使用任意主机和任意用户执行SELF的

user  ALL=(ALL)       SELF

## Allows members of the 'sys' group to run networking, software,

## service management apps and more.

# %sys ALL = NETWORKING, SOFTWARE, SERVICES, STORAGE, DELEGATING, PROCESSES, LOCATE, DRIVERS

## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands

%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       ALL

## Same thing without a password

# %wheel        ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

## Allows members of the users group to mount and unmount the

## cdrom as root

# %users  ALL=/sbin/mount /mnt/cdrom, /sbin/umount /mnt/cdrom

## Allows members of the users group to shutdown this system

# %users  localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now

## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

visudo

标签：visudo

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/ting2junshui/2051416