STL之auto_ptr

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What‘s auto_ptr?

　　The auto_ptr type is provided by the C++ standard library as a kind of a smart pointer that helps to avoid resource leaks when exceptions are thrown. Note that I wrote "a kind of a smart pointer." There are several useful smart pointer types. This class is smart with respect to only one certain kind of problem. For other kinds of problems, type auto_ptr does not help. So, be careful and read the following subsections.

Why need auto_ptr?

　　C++中没有垃圾回收机制，需要程序员动态new和delete，这是不方便并且容易出现内存泄露等等问题的。例如：

　　This function is a source of trouble. One obvious problem is that the deletion of the object might be forgotten (especially if you have return statements inside the function). There also is a not-so-obvious danger that an exception might occur. Such an exception would exit the function immediately without calling the delete statement at the end of the function. The result would be a memory leak or, more generally, a resource leak. 

　　An auto_ptr is a pointer that serves as owner of the object to which it refers (if any).

　　这有点类似于Qt的内存处理机制，在Qt中，凡是继承于QObject的类，如果给类的对象指定父类，那么该对象会随着父类的destroyed而destroyed。 

　　As a result, an object gets destroyed automatically when its auto_ptr gets destroyed. A requirement of an auto_ptr is that its object has only one owner.

How to use auto_ptr?

//header file for auto_ptr
    #include <memory>


    void f()
    {
        //create and initialize an auto_ptr
        std::auto_ptr<ClassA> ptr(new ClassA);


        ...                           //perform some operations
    }

　　when we use auto_ptr, there is no need for delete statement any more.

　　An auto_ptr has much the same interface as an ordinary pointer; that is, operator * dereferences the object to which it points, whereas operator -> provides access to a member if the object is a class or a structure.

　　However, any pointer arithmetic (such as ++) is not defined (this might be an advantage, because pointer arithmetic is a source of trouble).

STL之auto_ptr

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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/wiessharling/p/3975974.html