使用 erlang OTP 模式编写非阻塞的 tcp 服务器（来自erlang wiki）

  1 %% TCP Server Application (tcp_server_app.erl)
  2 -module(tcp_server_app).
  3 -author(‘saleyn@gmail.com‘).
  4  
  5 %% 实现application模式
  6 -behaviour(application).
  7  
  8 -export([start_client/0]).
  9  
 10 %% 应用程序启动以及监控树回调函数
 11 -export([start/2, stop/1, init/1]).
 12  
 13 %% 宏变量定义
 14 -define(MAX_RESTART,    5).
 15 -define(MAX_TIME,      60).
 16 -define(DEF_PORT,    2222).
 17  
 18 %% 启动客户端进程的接口
 19 %% 在监听程序建立连接时调用
 20 start_client() ->
 21     %% 回调第二个init函数，因为第二个是动态添加监控树子节点
 22     %% 也就是说这里是两颗不同的监控树，使用了一个模块两个 init 函数来实现
 23     supervisor:start_child(tcp_client_sup, []). 
 24  
 25 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 26 %% Application behaviour callbacks
 27 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 28 start(_Type, _Args) ->
 29     %% 获取端口配置参数，找不到时返回默认端口 ?DEF_PORT
 30     ListenPort = get_app_env(listen_port, ?DEF_PORT), 
 31 
 32     %% 启动应用程序，回调函数为 第一个 init 函数，根据参数匹配，参数为 [端口，客户端回调模块]
 33     %% 第一个 init 函数仅仅是启动了两个监控树
 34     supervisor:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, [ListenPort, tcp_echo_fsm]).
 35  
 36 stop(_S) ->
 37     ok.
 38  
 39 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 40 %% Supervisor behaviour callbacks
 41 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 42 init([Port, Module]) ->
 43     {ok,
 44         %% 监控树策略参数，ono_for_one策略，设置MAX_TIME最多重启的MAX_RESTART次
 45         {_SupFlags = {one_for_one, ?MAX_RESTART, ?MAX_TIME},
 46             [
 47               % TCP Listener
 48               {   tcp_server_sup,                          % Id       = internal id
 49                   {tcp_listener,start_link,[Port,Module]}, % StartFun = {M, F, A}
 50                   permanent,                               % Restart  = permanent | transient | temporary
 51                   2000,                                    % Shutdown = brutal_kill | int() >= 0 | infinity
 52                   worker,                                  % Type     = worker | supervisor
 53                   [tcp_listener]                           % Modules  = [Module] | dynamic
 54               },
 55               % Client instance supervisor
 56               {   
 57                      %% Module参数初始化了tcp_client_sup监控树的 init 函数, init 函数在下面
 58                      tcp_client_sup, 
 59                      %% 子节点启动策略
 60                   {supervisor,start_link,[{local, tcp_client_sup}, ?MODULE, [Module]]}, 
 61                   permanent,                               % Restart  = permanent | transient | temporary
 62                   infinity,                                % Shutdown = brutal_kill | int() >= 0 | infinity
 63                   supervisor,                              % Type     = worker | supervisor
 64                   []                                       % Modules  = [Module] | dynamic
 65               }
 66             ]
 67         }
 68     };
 69  
 70 %% 在服务器接收连接时，创建客户端进程时会回调到这个函数，使用simple_one_for_one启动策略 
 71 %%　参数 Module 在第一个
 72 init([Module]) ->
 73     {ok,    
 74         %% 另外一种根监督树模式，simple_one_for_one策略子节点只能动态添加
 75         {_SupFlags = {simple_one_for_one, ?MAX_RESTART, ?MAX_TIME},
 76             [
 77               % TCP Client
 78               {   undefined,                               % Id       = internal id
 79                   {Module,start_link,[]},                  % StartFun = {M, F, A}
 80                   temporary,                               % Restart  = permanent | transient | temporary
 81                   2000,                                    % Shutdown = brutal_kill | int() >= 0 | infinity
 82                   worker,                                  % Type     = worker | supervisor
 83                   []                                       % Modules  = [Module] | dynamic
 84               }
 85             ]
 86         }
 87     }.
 88  
 89 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 90 %% Internal functions
 91 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 92 %% 获取配置文件xxx.app文件中的配置变量 
 93 get_app_env(Opt, Default) ->
 94     case application:get_env(application:get_application(), Opt) of
 95     {ok, Val} -> Val;
 96     _ ->
 97         case init:get_argument(Opt) of
 98         [[Val | _]] -> Val;
 99         error       -> Default
100         end
101     end.

  1 % TCP Listener Process (tcp_listener.erl)    
  2 -module(tcp_listener).
  3 -author(‘saleyn@gmail.com‘).
  4  
  5 %% 实现 gen_server 模式 
  6 -behaviour(gen_server).
  7  
  8 %% 内部接口
  9 -export([start_link/2]).
 10  
 11 %% gen_server 回调函数
 12 -export([init/1, handle_call/3, handle_cast/2, handle_info/2, terminate/2,
 13          code_change/3]).
 14  
 15 %% 定义了一个 record 记录 gen_server 进程的状态
 16 -record(state, {
 17                 listener,       % Listening socket
 18                 acceptor,       % Asynchronous acceptor‘s internal reference
 19                 module          % FSM handling module
 20                }).
 21  
 22 %%--------------------------------------------------------------------
 23 %% @spec (Port::integer(), Module) -> {ok, Pid} | {error, Reason}
 24 %% @doc 监控树调用并开始进行tcp套接字监听
 25 %% @end
 26 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 27 start_link(Port, Module) when is_integer(Port), is_atom(Module) ->
 28     gen_server:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, [Port, Module], []).
 29  
 30 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
 31 %%% Callback functions from gen_server
 32 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
 33  
 34 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 35 %% @spec (Port::integer()) -> {ok, State}           |
 36 %%                            {ok, State, Timeout}  |
 37 %%                            ignore                |
 38 %%                            {stop, Reason}
 39 %%
 40 %% @doc gen_server启动时回调，并创建 tcp 监听
 41 %% @end
 42 %%----------------------------------------------------------------------
 43 init([Port, Module]) ->
 44     process_flag(trap_exit, true),
 45     Opts = [binary, {packet, 2}, {reuseaddr, true},
 46             {keepalive, true}, {backlog, 30}, {active, false}],
 47     %%　使用 gen_tcp 模块启动套接字监听，这是一个阻塞动作
 48     case gen_tcp:listen(Port, Opts) of
 49     {ok, Listen_socket} -> %% 创建监听成功返回监听socket
 50         %% 创建第一个接受连接的进程
 51         %% prim_inet:async_accept/2开启异步监听
 52         %% 之后有客户端连接时会向此进程发送一个异步消息inet_async到进程消息队列
 53         %% Ref 存储接受进程的引用
 54         {ok, Ref} = prim_inet:async_accept(Listen_socket, -1),
 55         {ok, #state{listener = Listen_socket,
 56                     acceptor = Ref,
 57                     module   = Module}};
 58     {error, Reason} ->
 59         {stop, Reason}
 60     end.
 61  
 62 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 63 %% @spec (Request, From, State) -> {reply, Reply, State}          |
 64 %%                                 {reply, Reply, State, Timeout} |
 65 %%                                 {noreply, State}               |
 66 %%                                 {noreply, State, Timeout}      |
 67 %%                                 {stop, Reason, Reply, State}   |
 68 %%                                 {stop, Reason, State}
 69 %% @doc 服务进程被同步调用时的回调函数
 70 %% @end
 71 %% @private
 72 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 73 handle_call(Request, _From, State) ->
 74     {stop, {unknown_call, Request}, State}.
 75  
 76 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 77 %% @spec (Msg, State) ->{noreply, State}          |
 78 %%                      {noreply, State, Timeout} |
 79 %%                      {stop, Reason, State}
 80 %% @doc 服务进程被异步调用时的回调函数
 81 %% @end
 82 %% @private
 83 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 84 handle_cast(_Msg, State) ->
 85     {noreply, State}.
 86  
 87 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 88 %% @spec (Msg, State) ->{noreply, State}          |
 89 %%                      {noreply, State, Timeout} |
 90 %%                      {stop, Reason, State}
 91 %% @doc 回调函数，处理那些直接发消息到进程邮箱的事件
 92 %% 这里处理的是 {inet_async, ListSock, Ref, {ok, CliSocket}}事件，
 93 %% inet_async 表示是一个异步事件，服务器端接收连接采用异步的方式，
 94 %% 客户端连接最终会被转化成一个 inet_async 消息发送到进程邮箱等待处理
 95 %% {{ok, CliSocket}} 里的CliSocket表示客户端建立的连接套接口
 96 %% @end
 97 %% @private
 98 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 99 
100 %% 注意这里 ListSock 以及 Ref 做了匹配,只有匹配了才是该监听口接收的连接
101 handle_info({inet_async, ListSock, Ref, {ok, CliSocket}},
102             #state{listener=ListSock, acceptor=Ref, module=Module} = State) ->
103     try
104         case set_sockopt(ListSock, CliSocket) of
105         ok              -> ok;
106         {error, Reason} -> exit({set_sockopt, Reason})
107         end,
108  
109         %% 接收新的客户端连接，启动一个新的客户端状态机进程，动态添加到 tcp_client_sup 客户端监控树
110         {ok, Pid} = tcp_server_app:start_client(),
111 
112         %% 绑定 CliSocet 到客户端进程 Pid, 这样CliSocket接收数据都会被转化成Pid代表进程的邮箱消息
113         gen_tcp:controlling_process(CliSocket, Pid),
114         %% Instruct the new FSM that it owns the socket.
115 
116         Module:set_socket(Pid, CliSocket),
117  
118         %% Signal the network driver that we are ready to accept another connection
119         %% 重新设置异步监听下一个客户端连接的消息，设置新的监听引用
120         %% 必须重新设置才能监听到 {inet_async,S,Ref,Status} 消息
121         case prim_inet:async_accept(ListSock, -1) of
122         {ok,    NewRef} -> ok;
123         {error, NewRef} -> exit({async_accept, inet:format_error(NewRef)})
124         end,
125          
126          %% 更新新的监听引用
127         {noreply, State#state{acceptor=NewRef}}
128     catch exit:Why ->
129         error_logger:error_msg("Error in async accept: ~p.\n", [Why]),
130         {stop, Why, State}
131     end;
132 
133 %%客户端建立连接的容错处理
134 handle_info({inet_async, ListSock, Ref, Error}, #state{listener=ListSock, acceptor=Ref} = State) ->
135     error_logger:error_msg("Error in socket acceptor: ~p.\n", [Error]),
136     {stop, Error, State};
137  
138 handle_info(_Info, State) ->
139     {noreply, State}.
140  
141 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
142 %% @spec (Reason, State) -> any
143 %% @doc  Callback executed on server shutdown. It is only invoked if
144 %%       `process_flag(trap_exit, true)‘ is set by the server process.
145 %%       The return value is ignored.
146 %% @end
147 %% @private
148 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
149 terminate(_Reason, State) ->
150     gen_tcp:close(State#state.listener),
151     ok.
152  
153 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
154 %% @spec (OldVsn, State, Extra) -> {ok, NewState}
155 %% @doc  Convert process state when code is changed.
156 %% @end
157 %% @private
158 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
159 code_change(_OldVsn, State, _Extra) ->
160     {ok, State}.
161  
162 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
163 %%% Internal functions
164 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
165  
166 %% 设置客户端socket的参数选项，只是简单的复制了监听服务器的配置选项
167 set_sockopt(ListSock, CliSocket) ->
168     true = inet_db:register_socket(CliSocket, inet_tcp),
169     case prim_inet:getopts(ListSock, [active, nodelay, keepalive, delay_send, priority, tos]) of
170     {ok, Opts} ->
171         case prim_inet:setopts(CliSocket, Opts) of
172         ok    -> ok;
173         Error -> gen_tcp:close(CliSocket), Error
174         end;
175     Error ->
176         gen_tcp:close(CliSocket), Error
177     end.

  1 %% TCP Client Socket Handling FSM (tcp_echo_fsm.erl)
  2 %% 客户端输出处理状态机,这里其实就是一个 echo_server 的客户端版本
  3     
  4 -module(tcp_echo_fsm).
  5 -author(‘saleyn@gmail.com‘).
  6  
  7 %% 实现 gen_fsm 模式，事实上状态机应用场景没有 gen_server 多
  8 %% 不过能用的场景都比较特殊，比如游戏客户端，服务端战斗模块
  9 -behaviour(gen_fsm).
 10  
 11 -export([start_link/0, set_socket/2]).
 12  
 13 %% gen_fsm 回调函数
 14 -export([init/1, handle_event/3,
 15          handle_sync_event/4, handle_info/3, terminate/3, code_change/4]).
 16  
 17 %% FSM States FSM 状态机的状态
 18 -export([
 19     ‘WAIT_FOR_SOCKET‘/2, %% 等待socket
 20     ‘WAIT_FOR_DATA‘/2    %% 等待socket数据
 21 ]).
 22  
 23 -record(state, {
 24                 socket,    % client socket
 25                 addr       % client address
 26                }).
 27  
 28 -define(TIMEOUT, 120000).
 29  
 30 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
 31 %%% API
 32 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
 33  
 34 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 35 %% @spec (Socket) -> {ok,Pid} | ignore | {error,Error}
 36 %% @doc To be called by the supervisor in order to start the server.
 37 %%      If init/1 fails with Reason, the function returns {error,Reason}.
 38 %%      If init/1 returns {stop,Reason} or ignore, the process is
 39 %%      terminated and the function returns {error,Reason} or ignore,
 40 %%      respectively.
 41 %% @end
 42 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 43 start_link() ->
 44     gen_fsm:start_link(?MODULE, [], []).
 45  
 46 set_socket(Pid, Socket) when is_pid(Pid), is_port(Socket) ->
 47     gen_fsm:send_event(Pid, {socket_ready, Socket}).
 48  
 49 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
 50 %%% Callback functions from gen_server
 51 %%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
 52  
 53 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 54 %% Func: init/1
 55 %% Returns: {ok, StateName, StateData}          |
 56 %%          {ok, StateName, StateData, Timeout} |
 57 %%          ignore                              |
 58 %%          {stop, StopReason}
 59 %% @private
 60 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 61 init([]) ->
 62     process_flag(trap_exit, true),
 63 
 64       %% 状态机启动之后的初始化状态
 65     {ok, ‘WAIT_FOR_SOCKET‘, #state{}}.
 66  
 67 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 68 %% Func: StateName/2
 69 %% Returns: {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData}          |
 70 %%          {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData, Timeout} |
 71 %%          {stop, Reason, NewStateData}
 72 %% @private
 73 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 74 
 75 %% 创建客户端之后 set_socket 函数发送消息之后在这里被处理了
 76 %% 大致逻辑是:收到通知,客户端连接socket到手，可以设置套接字选项并开始接收数据
 77 ‘WAIT_FOR_SOCKET‘({socket_ready, Socket}, State) when is_port(Socket) ->
 78     % Now we own the socket
 79     inet:setopts(Socket, [{active, once}, {packet, 2}, binary]),
 80     {ok, {IP, _Port}} = inet:peername(Socket),
 81 
 82     %% 确定了socket之后，状态机的下一个状态就是等着接收数据了
 83     {next_state, ‘WAIT_FOR_DATA‘, State#state{socket=Socket, addr=IP}, ?TIMEOUT};
 84 ‘WAIT_FOR_SOCKET‘(Other, State) ->
 85     error_logger:error_msg("State: ‘WAIT_FOR_SOCKET‘. Unexpected message: ~p\n", [Other]),
 86     %% Allow to receive async messages
 87     {next_state, ‘WAIT_FOR_SOCKET‘, State}.
 88  
 89 %% 显示来自客户端的事件
 90 ‘WAIT_FOR_DATA‘({data, Data}, #state{socket=S} = State) ->
 91     ok = gen_tcp:send(S, Data),
 92     {next_state, ‘WAIT_FOR_DATA‘, State, ?TIMEOUT};
 93  
 94 ‘WAIT_FOR_DATA‘(timeout, State) ->
 95     error_logger:error_msg("~p Client connection timeout - closing.\n", [self()]),
 96     {stop, normal, State};
 97  
 98 ‘WAIT_FOR_DATA‘(Data, State) ->
 99     io:format("~p Ignoring data: ~p\n", [self(), Data]),
100     {next_state, ‘WAIT_FOR_DATA‘, State, ?TIMEOUT}.
101  
102 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
103 %% Func: handle_event/3
104 %% Returns: {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData}          |
105 %%          {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData, Timeout} |
106 %%          {stop, Reason, NewStateData}
107 %% @private
108 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
109 handle_event(Event, StateName, StateData) ->
110     {stop, {StateName, undefined_event, Event}, StateData}.
111  
112 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
113 %% Func: handle_sync_event/4
114 %% Returns: {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData}            |
115 %%          {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData, Timeout}   |
116 %%          {reply, Reply, NextStateName, NextStateData}          |
117 %%          {reply, Reply, NextStateName, NextStateData, Timeout} |
118 %%          {stop, Reason, NewStateData}                          |
119 %%          {stop, Reason, Reply, NewStateData}
120 %% @private
121 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
122 handle_sync_event(Event, _From, StateName, StateData) ->
123     {stop, {StateName, undefined_event, Event}, StateData}.
124  
125 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
126 %% Func: handle_info/3
127 %% Returns: {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData}          |
128 %%          {next_state, NextStateName, NextStateData, Timeout} |
129 %%          {stop, Reason, NewStateData}
130 %% @private
131 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
132 handle_info({tcp, Socket, Bin}, StateName, #state{socket=Socket} = StateData) ->
133     % Flow control: enable forwarding of next TCP message
134     inet:setopts(Socket, [{active, once}]),
135     ?MODULE:StateName({data, Bin}, StateData);
136  
137 handle_info({tcp_closed, Socket}, _StateName,
138             #state{socket=Socket, addr=Addr} = StateData) ->
139     error_logger:info_msg("~p Client ~p disconnected.\n", [self(), Addr]),
140     {stop, normal, StateData};
141  
142 handle_info(_Info, StateName, StateData) ->
143     {noreply, StateName, StateData}.
144  
145 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
146 %% Func: terminate/3
147 %% Purpose: Shutdown the fsm
148 %% Returns: any
149 %% @private
150 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
151 terminate(_Reason, _StateName, #state{socket=Socket}) ->
152     (catch gen_tcp:close(Socket)),
153     ok.
154  
155 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
156 %% Func: code_change/4
157 %% Purpose: Convert process state when code is changed
158 %% Returns: {ok, NewState, NewStateData}
159 %% @private
160 %%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
161 code_change(_OldVsn, StateName, StateData, _Extra) ->
162     {ok, StateName, StateData}.

 1 %% tcp_server.app 文件
 2     
 3 {application, tcp_server,
 4  [
 5   {description, "Demo TCP server"},
 6   {vsn, "1.0"},
 7   {id, "tcp_server"},
 8   {modules,      [tcp_listener, tcp_echo_fsm]},
 9   {registered,   [tcp_server_sup, tcp_listener]},
10   {applications, [kernel, stdlib]},
11   %%
12   %% mod: 指定应用启动初始化的模块
13   %%
14   {mod, {tcp_server_app, []}},
15   {env, []}
16  ]
17 }.