1.安装
(1) rpm -qa | grep vsftpd查看是否已经安装
(2) yum -y install vsftpd
(3) 默认配置文件在/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
2.创建虚拟用户
(1) 创建ftp文件夹 mkdir ftpfile 例如 /ftpfile
(2) 添加匿名用户 : useradd ftpuser -d /ftpfile -s /sbin/nologin (用户没有登陆linux的权限)
(3) 修改ftpfile权限: chown -R ftpuser.ftpuser /ftpfile
(4) 重设ftpuser密码: passwd ftpuser
3.配置
(1) cd /etc/vsftpd
(2) sudo vim chroot_list (以前没有)
(3) 把刚才新增的虚拟用户添加到此配置文件中，后续要引用
(4) sudo vim /etc/selinux/config,修改SELINUX=disabled
注意:如果一会验证时遇到550拒绝访问执行: sudo setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1
(5) 配置/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
4.vsftp配置参数介绍
本项目要用到的配置项：
1）local_root=/ftpfile(当本地用户登入时，将被更换到定义的目录下，默认值为各用户的家目录)
2）anon_root=/ftpfile(使用匿名登入时，所登入的目录)
3）use_localtime=YES(默认是GMT时间，改成使用本机系统时间)
4）anonymous_enable=NO(不允许匿名用户登录)
5）local_enable=YES(允许本地用户登录)
6）write_enable=YES(本地用户可以在自己家目录中进行读写操作)
7）local_umask=022(本地用户新增档案时的umask值)
8）dirmessage_enable=YES(如果启动这个选项，那么使用者第一次进入一个目录时，会检查该目录下是否有.message这个档案，如果有，则会出现此档案的内容，通常这个档案会放置欢迎话语，或是对该目录的说明。默认值为开启)
9）xferlog_enable=YES(是否启用上传/下载日志记录。如果启用，则上传与下载的信息将被完整纪录在xferlog_file 所定义的档案中。预设为开启。)
10）connect_from_port_20=YES(指定FTP使用20端口进行数据传输，默认值为YES)
11）xferlog_std_format=YES(如果启用，则日志文件将会写成xferlog的标准格式)
12）ftpd_banner=Welcome to mmall FTP Server(这里用来定义欢迎话语的字符串)
13）chroot_local_user=NO(用于指定用户列表文件中的用户是否允许切换到上级目录)
14）chroot_list_enable=YES(设置是否启用chroot_list_file配置项指定的用户列表文件)
15）chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list(用于指定用户列表文件)
16）listen=YES(设置vsftpd服务器是否以standalone模式运行，以standalone模式运行是一种较好的方式，此时listen必须设置为YES，此为默认值。建议不要更改，有很多与服务器运行相关的配置命令，需要在此模式下才有效，若设置为NO，则vsftpd不是以独立的服务运行，要受到xinetd服务的管控，功能上会受到限制)
17）pam_service_name=vsftpd(虚拟用户使用PAM认证方式，这里是设置PAM使用的名称，默认即可，与/etc/pam.d/vsftpd对应) userlist_enable=YES(是否启用vsftpd.user_list文件，黑名单,白名单都可以
18)pasv_min_port=61001(被动模式使用端口范围最小值)
19)pasv_max_port=62000(被动模式使用端口范围最大值)
20)pasv_enable=YES(pasv_enable=YES/NO（YES）
若设置为YES，则使用PASV工作模式；若设置为NO，则使用PORT模式。默认值为YES，即使用PASV工作模式。
FTP协议有两种工作方式：PORT方式和PASV方式，中文意思为主动式和被动式。
一、PORT（主动）方式的连接过程是：客户端向服务器的FTP端口（默认是21）发送连接请求，服务器接受连接，建立一条命令链路。
当需要传送数据时，客户端在命令链路上用 PORT命令告诉服务器：“我打开了****端口，你过来连接我”。于是服务器从20端口向客户端的****端口发送连接请求，建立一条数据链路来传送数据。
二、PASV（被动）方式的连接过程是：客户端向服务器的FTP端口（默认是21）发送连接请求，服务器接受连接，建立一条命令链路。
当需要传送数据时，服务器在命令链路上用 PASV命令告诉客户端：“我打开了****端口，你过来连接我”。于是客户端向服务器的****端口发送连接请求，建立一条数据链路来传送数据。
从上面可以看出，两种方式的命令链路连接方法是一样的，而数据链路的建立方法就完全不同。而FTP的复杂性就在于此。
)
5.防火墙的配置
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
添加下面的配置
#vsftpd
-A INPUT -p TCP --dport 61001:62000 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p TCP --sport 61001:62000 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p TCP --dport 20 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p TCP --sport 20 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p TCP --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p TCP --sport 21 -j ACCEPT
重启防火墙:
sudo service iptables restart
6.vsftpd.conf
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd‘s
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd‘s)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
local_root=/home/ftpfile
anon_root=/home/ftpfile
use_localtime=yes
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
pasv_min_port=61001
pasv_max_port=62000
7.浏览器登陆
ftp://121.42.165.99/
