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期末作品检查

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标签:参数   pass   tle   item   des   文章   模板   评论列表   检查   

一、个人学期总结

       通过一学期的学习,我学会了使用Flask框架搭建一个web service,并在其中加上一些简单的css,js,html等。为数18周的信息管理系统的学习让我感受颇深,每学一点新内容,老师都发布作业给我们完成,这对于我们是一种知识巩固的好方法,让我们及时发现没有理解的地方,并及时问老师和同学,及时掌握好新内容。学习过程中我也会自己通过网络学习简单的css的设计,一点一点修改自己页面的样式等等。

 

二、总结Python+Flask+MysqL的web建设技术过程

   1、使用软件

         Python3.5+mysql5.7+pycharm2017.2

   2、数据库

        (1)、连接数据库

 

import os

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI=mysql+pymysql://root:@127.0.0.1:3306/hog?charset=utf8
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATTONS = False

SECRET_KEY = os.urandom(24)

 

       (2)、创建数据库

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

#创建用户模型
class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = user
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False)
    _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)  #内部使用

    @property
    def password(self):#外部使用,取值
        return self._password

    @password.setter
    def password(self, row_password):
        self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self, row_password):#外部使用,赋值
        result = check_password_hash(self._password, row_password)
        return result

class Question(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = question
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    question = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
    questionDetail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(user.id))
    author = db.relationship(User, backref=db.backref(question))#User类添加question属性,定义反向关系,这一属性可以访问Question模型

class Comment(db.Model):
    _tablename_=comment
    id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    author_id=db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey(user.id))
    question_id=db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey(question.id))
    detail=db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False)
    creat_time=db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.now)
    question=db.relationship(Question,backref=db.backref(comments,order_by=creat_time.desc))
    author=db.relationship(User,backref=db.backref(comments))

db.create_all()

   3、页面设计

       (1)注册&登录界面

               js文件: onclick函数return True时才提交表单,return False时不提交表单。

              html文件:

    1. <form>中设置 action和method="post"
    2. <input> 中设置 name
    3. onclick="return fnLogin()"

               主py文件中:

    1. from flask import  request, redirect, url_for
    2. @app.route(‘/regist/‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST’])
    3. 设置`SECRET_KEY`
    4. `session`:增加用户名`session[‘username‘]=`username

技术分享图片   技术分享图片

主要代码:

html:

 <div class="box">
        <h3>欢迎注册</h3>
        <form action="{{ url_for("sign_in") }}" method="post">
            <div class="input_box">
               输入用户名: <input id="name"  name="username" type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" class="b1">
        </div>
             <div class="input_box">
                输入密码: <input id="password" name="password" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" class="b1">
             </div>
            <div class="input_box">
                确认密码: <input id="passwordagain" name="passwordagain" type="password" placeholder="请确认密码" class="b1">
             </div>
        <div id="error_box" class="error_box"><br></div>
        <div class="button">
            <button  class="login" onclick="fnLogin()">登录</button>
            <button  class="cancel" onclick=window.alert("是否确认离开,您输入的数据可能不会被保存")>取消</button></div>
    </div>


  <div class="box">
        <h3>欢迎登陆</h3>
        <form action="{{ url_for(‘sign_up‘) }}" method="post">
            <div class="input_box">
               用户名: <input id="name" name=‘username‘ type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" class="b1">
        </div>
             <div class="input_box">
                密码: <input id="password" name="password" type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" class="b1">
             </div>
        <div id="error_box" class="error_box"><br></div>
        <div class="button">
            <button  class="login" onclick="fnLogin()">登录</button>
            <button  class="cancel" onclick=window.alert("是否确认离开,您输入的数据可能不会被保存")>取消</button>
        </div>
    </div>

js:

function fnLogin() {
    var uname=document.getElementById("name");
    var upassword=document.getElementById("password");
    var uError=document.getElementById("error_box");
    var upasswordagain = document.getElementById("passwordagain");
    var isError = true;
    uError.innerHTML="<br>";
    if(uname.value.length<6||uname.value.length>20){
        uError.innerHTML="用户名的长度需为6-20位";
        isError = false;
        return isError;
    }else if((uname.value.charCodeAt(0)>=48)&&(uname.value.charCodeAt(0)<=57)){
        uError.innerHTML="首字母不能是数字。";
        isError = false;
        return isError;
    }else for(var i=0;i<uname.value.length;i++){
        if((uname.value.charCodeAt(i)<48||uname.value.charCodeAt(i)>57)&&(uname.value.charCodeAt(i)<97||uname.value.charCodeAt(i)>122)){
            uError.innerHTML="只能包含字母或数字。";
            isError = false;
            return isError;
        }
    }
    if (upassword.value.length<6||upassword.value.length>20){
        uError.innerHTML="密码的长度需为6-20位";
        isError = false;
        return isError;
    }
    if(upasswordagain.value!=upassword.value){
        uError.innerHTML="输入密码不一致。";
        isError = false;
        return isError;
    }else if(upasswordagain.value==""){
        uError.innerHTML="未确认密码。";
        isError = false;
        return isError;
    }
    return isError;
    window.alert("登录成功!")
}

py:

@app.route(/sign_up/,methods=[GET,POST])#登录
def sign_up():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("sign_up.html")
    else:
        username = request.form.get("username")
        password = request.form.get("password")
        user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
        if user:
            if user.check_password(password):
                session[user] = username
                session[userid] = user.id
                session.permanent = True
                return redirect(url_for(first))
            else:
                return password error
        else:
           return username is not existed


@app.route(/sign_in/,methods=[GET,POST])#注册
def sign_in():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("sign_in.html")
    else:
        username = request.form.get("username")
        password = request.form.get("password")
        user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
        if user:
            return username existed.
        else:
            user = User(username=username, password=password)
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            return redirect(url_for(sign_up))

(2)父模板,首页

技术分享图片

主要代码:

html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}Hogwarts</title>
    <base  target="_blank">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=‘css/base.css‘) }}">
    <script src="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=‘js/base.js‘) }}"></script>
{% block head %}
{% endblock %}

</head>
<body class="body" id="myBody">


<header>

    <nav class="nav">
        <ul>
            <li><img id="on_off" onclick="mySwitch()" src="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=‘images/bulboff.jpg‘) }}" width="40px"></li>
            <li><a href="{{ url_for(‘first‘) }}">首页</a></li>
            <li><a href="">校园新闻</a></li>
            <li><a href="{{ url_for(‘question‘) }}">讨论交流</a></li>


            <form action="{{ url_for(‘search‘) }}" method="get">
                <li><input type="text"id="search" class="form-control" name="search"placeholder="请输入搜索内容" ></li>
                <li><button id="button1"type="submit">搜索</button></li>
            </form>
            {% if username %}
                <li>[<a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id =session.get(‘userid‘),tag=1) }}" id="aaa">{{ username }}</a>·<a href="{{ url_for(‘logout‘) }}">注销</a>]</li>
            {% else %}
                <li>[<a href="{{ url_for(‘sign_up‘) }}">登录</a>·<a href="{{ url_for(‘sign_in‘) }}">注册</a>]</li>
            {% endif %}
        </ul>
    </nav>
</header>
<div class="title">
    <h1>霍格沃兹论坛</h1>
    <h2>Hogwarts‘BBS</h2>
</div>


{% block main %}

{% endblock %}

<div id="bottom">
    <a href="">联系我们</a>
    <a href="">加入我们</a>
    <a href="">校长室</a>
    <a href="">帮助中心</a>
    <a href="">合作伙伴</a>
</div>

<div class="copyright">
    <p>Copyright &copy; 2017. Created by <a href="#" target="_blank">Judy_L</a></p>
</div>

</body> </html>




<p class="slogan">欢迎你,{{username}}</p>
    {% for foo in question %}
        <ul class="list-group" >
        <li class="list-group-item">
            <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-leaf" aria-hidden="true"></span>
            <a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id = foo.author_id,tag=1) }}">id:{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
            <br>
            <a href="{{ url_for(‘question_detail‘ ,question_id=foo.id)}}">标题:{{ foo.question }}</a>
            <br>
            <a >详情:{{ foo.questionDetail }}</a>
            <br>
          <span class="badge">{{ foo.creat_time }}</span>
        </li>
        </ul>

py:

@app.route(/)
def first():
    context = {
        question: Question.query.order_by(creat_time).all()
    }
    return render_template(first.html,**context)

(3)登陆后更新导航条

  • 用上下文处理器app_context_processor定义函数
    1. 获取session中保存的值
    2. 返回字典
  • 在父模板中更新导航,插入登录状态判断代码。
    1. 注意用{% ... %}表示指令。
    2. {{ }}表示变量
  • 完成注销功能。
    1. 清除session
    2. 跳转

技术分享图片

html:

{% if username %}
    <li>[<a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id =session.get(‘userid‘),tag=1) }}" id="aaa">{{ username }}</a>·<a href="{{ url_for(‘logout‘) }}">注销</a>]</li>
{% else %}
    <li>[<a href="{{ url_for(‘sign_up‘) }}">登录</a>·<a href="{{ url_for(‘sign_in‘) }}">注册</a>]</li>
{% endif %}

py:

@app.context_processor
def mycontext():
    usern=session.get(user)
    if usern:
        return {username:usern}
    else:
        return {}

@app.route(/logout/)
def logout():
    session.clear()
    return render_template("first.html")

(4)发布功能 并在首页显示

  • 编写要求登录的装饰器

from functools import wraps

def loginFirst(func): #参数是函数

@wraps(func)

      def wrapper(*args, ** kwargs): #定义个函数将其返回

          #要求登录

          return func(*args, ** kwargs)

      return wrapper #返回一个函数

  • 应用装饰器,要求在发布前进行登录,登录后可发布。
@app.route(‘/question/‘,methods=[‘GET‘,‘POST‘])
@loginFirst
def question():

 

  • 建立发布内容的对象关系映射。
class Question(db.Model):
  • 完成发布函数。

保存到数据库。

重定向到首页:

  • 在首页添加显示问答的列表,并定义好相应的样式。
  • 用字典向index.html传递参数。

技术分享图片     技术分享图片

html:

<p class="slogan">欢迎你,{{username}}</p>
    {% for foo in question %}
        <ul class="list-group" >
        <li class="list-group-item">
            <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-leaf" aria-hidden="true"></span>
            <a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id = foo.author_id,tag=1) }}">id:{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
            <br>
            <a href="{{ url_for(‘question_detail‘ ,question_id=foo.id)}}">标题:{{ foo.question }}</a>
            <br>
            <a >详情:{{ foo.questionDetail }}</a>
            <br>
          <span class="badge">{{ foo.creat_time }}</span>
        </li>
        </ul>


 <div class="box1" >
    <form action="{{ url_for(‘question‘) }}" method="post">
    <h3 > 发帖</h3>
        <div class="TT">
            <label for="question">标题:</label><br>
            <textarea id="question" name="question" cols="100" rows="1"></textarea><br>
            <label for="questionDetail">内容:</label><br>
            <textarea  id="questionDetail" name="questionDetail" cols="100" rows="10"></textarea>
        </div>
       <br>
        <div class="ja">
            <button  class="sent" onclick="fnchat">发布</button>
        </div>
    </div>

py:

def loginFirst(func): #参数是函数
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): #定义个函数将其返回
        if session.get(user):
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            return redirect(url_for(sign_up))
    return wrapper #返回一个函数

@app.route(/question/, methods=[GET , POST])
@loginFirst
def question():
    if request.method == GET:
        return render_template(question.html)
    else:
        question = request.form.get(question)
        questionDetail = request.form.get(questionDetail)
        author_id = User.query.filter(User.username == session.get(user)).first().id
        question = Question(question = question, questionDetail = questionDetail, author_id = author_id)
        db.session.add(question) #保存数据库
        db.session.commit() #提交
        return redirect(url_for(first))

(5)、首页链接到问答详情页

技术分享图片

主PY文件写视图函数,带id参数。 

@app.route(/question_detail/<question_id>)
def question_detail(question_id):
    quest = Question.query.filter(Question.id == question_id).first()
    return render_template(question_detail.html,ques=quest)

首页标题的标签做带参数的链接。

{{ url_for(‘question_detail‘ ,question_id=foo.id)}}

在详情页将数据的显示在恰当的位置。

<div class="detail">
    <div class="detail_left">
       <h3>{{ ques.question }}</h3>
        <a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id=session.get(‘userid‘),tag=1) }}" style="font-size: 18px">{{ ques.author.username }} <span class="badge">{{ ques.creat_time }}</span></a>
        <hr>
        <a>{{ ques.questionDetail }}</a>
        <hr>
        <form action="{{ url_for(‘comment‘) }}" method="post">
            <textarea  name="new_comment" class="form-control1" rows="3" id="new_comment" placeholder="请写下你的评论..."></textarea>
            <input name="question_id" type="hidden" value="{{ ques.id }}"/>
            <br><button type="submit" class="btn-default">发布</button>
        </form>
        <h4>评论:({{ ques.comments|length }})</h4>
        <ul class="list-group">
        {% for foo in ques.comments %}
            <li class="list-group-item">
                <span class="glyphion-heart-empty" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                ?<a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id=session.get(‘userid‘),tag=1) }}">{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
                <span class="badge">{{ foo.creat_time }}</span>
                <p class="comdetail">{{ foo.detail }}</p>

            </li>

(6)完成评论功能

定义评论的视图函数
@app.route(‘/comment/‘,methods=[‘POST‘])
def comment():
读取前端页面数据,保存到数据库中

@app.route(/comment/, methods=[POST])
@loginFirst
def comment():
    comment = request.form.get("new_comment")
    question_id = request.form.get("question_id")
    author_id = User.query.filter(User.username == session.get(user)).first().id
    comm = Comment(author_id=author_id,question_id=question_id,detail=comment)
    db.session.add(comm)
    db.session.commit()
    context = {
        question: Question.query.order_by(creat_time).all(),
        comments: Comment.query.order_by(creat_time).all()
    }
    question = Question.query.filter(Question.id == question_id).first()
    return render_template(question_detail.html, ques=question, **context)

用<input type="hidden" 方法获取前端的"question_id" 

<input name="question_id" type="hidden" value="{{ ques.id }}"/>

显示评论次数

<h4>评论:({{ ques.comments|length }})</h4>

要求评论前登录

@loginFirst

尝试实现详情页面下的评论列表显示

<ul class="list-group">
{% for foo in ques.comments %}
    <li class="list-group-item">
        <span class="glyphion-heart-empty" aria-hidden="true"></span>
        ?<a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id=session.get(‘userid‘),tag=1) }}">{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
        <span class="badge">{{ foo.creat_time }}</span>
        <p class="comdetail">{{ foo.detail }}</p>
    </li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

(7)个人中心

新页面userbase.html,用<ul ><li role="presentation"> 实现标签页导航。
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
  <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
  <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
  <li role="presentation"><a href="#">Messages</a></li>
</ul>

<ul class="nav_ul">
    <h4>{{ user.username }}‘s zone</h4>
    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id=user.id,tag=1) }}">全部问答</a> </li>
    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id=user.id,tag=2) }}">全部评论</a> </li>
    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id=user.id,tag=3) }}">个人信息</a> </li>
    <br><br><br><br><br>
</ul>
    {% block user %}
    {% endblock %}

制作个人中心的三个子页面,重写userbase.html中定义的user块,分别用于显示问答、评论、个人信息

   <div class="col-md-8 column" style="margin:0 auto;width:1000px;height:auto;border-style:groove; background-color:black;
    opacity: 0.7;">
     <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>{{username}} 发布的问题<span class="badge"></span> </h3>
        <ul class="list-unstyled">
            {% for foo in questions %}
                <li class="list-group-item" style="list-style: none;">
                    <br><p>文章标题:<a href="{{ url_for(‘question_detail‘,question_id=foo.id)}}">{{ foo.question}}</a></p>
                    <p>主要内容:{{ foo.questionDetail }}</p>
                    <small><a>{{ foo.author.username }}</a></small>
                    <span class="badge">{{foo.creat_time}}</span>
                    <hr>
                </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    </div>


    <div class="col-md-8 column" style="margin:0 auto;width:1000px;height:auto;border-style:groove; background-color:black;
    opacity: 0.7;">
        <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>
            {{username}} 发布的评论<span class="badge"></span> </h3>
        <ul class="list-unstyled">
            {% for foo in comments %}
                <li class="list-group-item">
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                    <a href="#">{{foo.author.username }}</a>
                    <span class="badge">{{foo.creat_time}}</span>
                    <p style="">{{foo.detail}}</p>
                    <br>
                </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    </div>


    <div class="col-md-8 column"style="margin:0 auto;width:1000px;height:auto;border-style:groove; background-color:black;
    opacity: 0.7;" >
        <h3><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user" aria-hidden="true"></span>
            {{username}}<small>个人信息<span class="badge"></span> </small></h3>
        <ul class="list-unstyled" >
            <li class="list-group-item">用户:{{username}}<a href="{{ url_for(‘ModifyPassword‘) }}">修改密码</a></li>
            <li class="list-group-item">文章篇:{{ user.question|length }}</li>
            <li class="list-group-item">评论数:{{ user.comments|length }}</li>
        </ul>
    </div>

py定义视图函数

@app.route(/usercenter/<user_id>/<tag>)
@loginFirst
def usercenter(user_id,tag):
    user=User.query.filter(User.id==user_id).first()
    mycontext={
        user:user,
        questions: user.question,
        comments: user.comments,
    }
    if tag == 1:
        return render_template(user1.html,**mycontext)
    elif tag == 2:
        return render_template(user2.html, **mycontext)
    else:
        return render_template(user3.html, **mycontext)

技术分享图片

(8)搜索功能

      1. 准备视图函数search()
      2. 完成视图函数search()
        1. 获取搜索关键字q = request.args.get(‘q’)
        2. 条件查询qu = Question.query.filter(Question.title.contains(q)).order_by(‘-creat_time’)
        3. 加载查询结果:return render_template(‘index.html‘, question=qu)
@app.route(‘/search/‘)
def search():
    qu = request.args.get(‘search‘)
    ques = Question.query.filter(
        or_(
             Question.question.contains(qu),
             Question.questionDetail.contains(qu)
         )
    ).order_by(‘creat_time‘)
    return render_template(‘base.html‘,questions = ques)
    1. 修改base.html 中搜索输入框所在的
      1. <form action="{{ url_for(‘search‘) }}" method="get">
      2.    <input name="q" type="text" placeholder="请输入关键字">
        <form action="{{ url_for(‘search‘) }}" method="get">
                        <li><input type="text"id="search" class="form-control" name="search"placeholder="请输入搜索内容" ></li>
                        <li><button id="button1"type="submit">搜索</button></li>
                    </form>
    2. 组合条件查询
      from sqlalchemy import or_, and_ 

 (9)密码保护

①更新User对象,设置对内的_password

_password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)  #内部使用

②编写对外的password

from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash

③密码验证的方法:

    def check_password(self, row_password): #密码验证

     result = check_password_hash(self._password,row_password)

      return result

@property
    def password(self):#外部使用,取值
        return self._password

    @password.setter
    def password(self, row_password):
        self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self, row_password):#外部使用,赋值
        result = check_password_hash(self._password, row_password)
        return result
  if user.check_password(password):

 

以上内容为我期末作品的大致制作过程,代码仍存在缺陷,我会继续努力的。

 

期末作品检查

标签:参数   pass   tle   item   des   文章   模板   评论列表   检查   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lyx1997/p/8226684.html

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