环境准备
主库 primary 10.63.230.10
备库 standby 10.63.230.13
软件版本
Oracle 11.2.0.4.0
搭建步骤
--主库
1.查看归档开启状态
1.查看归档开启状态
SQL> archive log list;
2.创建归档目录
mkidr /oradata/arch
3.开启归档
SQL> alter database mount; SQL> alter database archivelog; SQL> alter system switch logfile;
4.修改主库属性
SQL> alter database force logging; SQL> select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
5.在主库创建密码文件、参数文件、以及standby控制文件
SQL> create pfile=‘/home/oracle/pfile.ora‘ from spfile;
6.密码文件可以直接用现有的
ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw*
7.创建standby控制文件
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as ‘/home/oracle/controlstd.ctl‘;
8.主库TNS配置
TEST= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.63.230.10)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = TEST) ) ) TESTBAK= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.63.230.13)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = TESTBAK) ) )
9.主库备份数据库
RMAN> run { crosscheck backup ; crosscheck archivelog all; crosscheck backupset ; delete noprompt obsolete device type disk; delete noprompt expired backup device type disk; backup as compressed backupset full database format ‘/oradata/rman/full_%d_%t_%s_%p‘ plus archivelog format ‘/oradata/rman/arch_%d_%t_%s_%p.bkp‘; }
10.备份完毕后将rman备份文件，standby控制文件，密码文件，参数文件一起传到备库
参数文件和standby控制文件放在/home/oracle/目录下
密码文件放在 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/目录下
注：如果目录属主不是 oracle.oinstall或者oracle.dba 需要修改目录权限，文件传完后，检查下文件的用户和组。
--备库
1.创建数据库目录,根据自己的参数文件中的参数目录而定
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/test/adump
mkdir -p /oradata/rman
mkdir -p /oradata/arch
mkdir -p /oradata/test
2.使用参数文件开启数据库
SQL> startup nomount pfile=‘/home/oracle/pfile.ora‘;
3.导入standby控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile from ‘/home/oracle/controlstd.ctl‘;
4.恢复数据文件
SQL> alter database mount;
RMAN> catalog start with ‘/oradata/rman/‘;
RMAN> restore database;
5.恢复归档文件
RMAN> recover database;
6.备库TNS配置
TEST= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.63.230.10)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = TEST) ) ) TESTBAK= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.63.230.13)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = TESTBAK) ) )
7.创建standby redo log
在使用最大保护模式或是最大可用模式的时候需要在standby数据库创建standby redo log，对于最大性能模式可以不用创建standby redo log
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 (‘/oradata/test/std_redo04a.log‘) size 100m, group 5 (‘/oradata/test/std_redo05a.log‘) size 100m, group 6 (‘/oradata/test/std_redo06a.log‘) size 100m, group 7 (‘/oradata/test/std_redo07a.log‘) size 100m;
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1; SQL> alter database clear logfile group 2; SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
添加standby日志文件的规则：
standby日志最少应该比redo log 多一组。推荐的备重做日志数依赖于主数据库上的线程数。
(每线程日志文件最大数目 + 1 ) * 线程数
否则standby日志在应用时报如下信息：
standby日志最少应该比redo log 多一组。推荐的备重做日志数依赖于主数据库上的线程数。
(每线程日志文件最大数目 + 1 ) * 线程数
否则standby日志在应用时报如下信息：
RFS[1]: No standby redo logfiles created RFS[1]: Archived Log: ‘/oradata/arch/1_30_633287861.dbf‘
在主库添加完standby logfile后，当主库切换为standby角色后会自动使用standby redo logfile，具体应用信息如下：
RFS[1]: Successfully opened standby log 4: ‘/oradata/test/std_redo04a.log‘
修改主备库参数
主库primary
SQL> alter system set db_unique_name=‘test‘ scope=spfile; SQL> alter system set fal_server=‘testbak‘ sid=‘*‘scope=both; SQL> alter system set fal_client=‘test‘ sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(test,testbak)‘ sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2=‘service=testbak lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=testbak‘ sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
备库standby
SQL> alter system set db_unique_name=‘testbak‘ scope=spfile; SQL> alter system set fal_server=‘test‘ sid=‘*‘scope=both; SQL> alter system set fal_client=‘testbak‘ sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(test,testbak)‘ sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2=‘service=test lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=test‘ sid=‘*‘ scope=both; SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
开启DG（10g不open）
SQL> alter database open; SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session using current logfile; SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;
停用DG
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
如果主库传不过来归档，可以通过在主库侧手工修改参数如下：
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=‘DEFER‘ SCOPE=MEMORY; SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=‘ENABLE‘ SCOPE=MEMORY;
至此dg搭建完毕
查询dg延迟
SQL> col value for a20 SQL> col time_computed for a30 SQL> col name for a25 SQL> col unit for a30 SQL> col datum_time for a30 SQL> set line 400 SQL> select * from v$dataguard_stats;
