s19day17
内容回顾：
1. jQuery
- 选择
- 操作
- 事件
2. Http协议
-
3. Django框架
版本：1.11
创建：
django-admin startprojcet xxx
cd xxx
python manage.py startapp app01
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
今日内容：
1. 请求生命周期
2. 主机管理
- 路由系统
- 视图函数
- ORM（操作数据库）
- 模板
内容详细：
1. 请求生命周期
- 网站本质：socket
服务端（网站）：
1. 先启动并监听：80端口
3. 获取请求信息：
获取请求中的URL
根据URL在已经写好的路由关系中进行匹配：
[
/login/ login
/index/ index
]
def login(request):
请求头
请求体
处理请求
return
响应内容：
响应头\r\n\r\n<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-cn">。。。</html>
断开
客户端（浏览器）：
https://www.cnblogs.com/news/
2. 发送请求
- 连接：www.cnblogs.com:80
- 发送数据：
GET:
GET /news/?page=1&xx=11 http1.1\r\n
host:www.cnblogs.com\r\n
Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, br\r\n
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
\r\n\r\n
POST:
POST /news/?page=1&xx=11 http1.1\r\n
host:www.cnblogs.com\r\n
Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, br\r\n
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
\r\n\r\n
name=alex&pwd=123
3. 接收响应内容
响应头悄悄写到浏览器
响应体在浏览器上展示
断开
2. 主机管理：部门管理
- 创建procjet和app
- 修改配置文件：
1. 配置
MIDDLEWARE = [
‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
#‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
]
2. 模板路径
TEMPLATES = [
{
‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates‘)],
‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
‘OPTIONS‘: {
‘context_processors‘: [
‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
],
},
},
]
3. 静态文件目录
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘static‘),
)
- 写代码：
urls.py
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^login/‘, views.login),
url(r‘^index/‘, views.index),
]
views.py
def login(request):
if request.method == "GET": # 请求方法
request.GET
else:
request.GET # URL中取值
request.POST # 请求体取值
return HttpResponse(‘...‘)
return redirect(‘...‘)
return render(request,‘模板文件路径‘,{‘k‘:‘v‘})
return HttpResponse(‘欢迎登录‘)
def index(request):
return HttpResponse(‘欢迎登录‘)
- 创建用户表
models.py
from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd = models.CharField(max_length=64)
注册app
settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
‘django.contrib.admin‘,
‘django.contrib.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
‘django.contrib.messages‘,
‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘,
‘app01.apps.App01Config‘,# "app01"
]
MySQL
settings.py
DATABASES = {
‘default‘: {
‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.mysql‘,
‘NAME‘:‘数据库名称‘, # 记得自己先去创建数据库
‘USER‘: ‘root‘,
‘PASSWORD‘: ‘xxx‘,
‘HOST‘: ‘127.0.0.1‘,
‘PORT‘: 3306,
}
}
procjet.procjet.__init__.py
不要用默认mysqldb，换成pymysql连接数据库
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
SQLlite:
settings.py
DATABASES = {
‘default‘: {
‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.sqlite3‘,
‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘db.sqlite3‘),
}
}
执行命令：创建数据库表
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
- 对应关系
类 -> 表
对象 -> 行
- 数据库操作总结：
表级别：
from django.db import models
# 类对象数据库的表
class UserInfo(models.Model):
# 字段对应数据库中列
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # 创建id列，自增，int,主键
user = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=False) # varchar(32)
pwd = models.CharField(max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField() # int类型
class Department(models.Model):
"""
部门表
"""
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
行：
增加：
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user="alex",pwd=‘123‘,age=18)
dic = {‘user‘:‘alex‘,‘pwd‘:‘123‘,"age":18 }
models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)
删除：
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=12,name=‘alex‘).delete()
dic = {‘user‘:‘alex‘,‘pwd‘:‘123‘,"age":18 }
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(**dic).delete()
修改：
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=12,name=‘alex‘).update(user=‘11111‘,pwd=‘xxxx‘)
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(**{...}).update(**{...})
查看：
# [obj,obj,obj,....]
v = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# [obj,obj,obj,....]
v = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(....)
# obj
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(....).first()
# 获取一个对象；无、多都会报错
models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1,name=‘alex‘)
3. 知识点
1. 路由系统
a. url添加起始和终止符
url(r‘^example/$‘, views.example),
url(r‘^example/add/$‘, views.example_add),
b. 传参
# 方式一
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/example_edit/?nid=11&xid=1
url(r‘^example_edit/$‘, views.example_edit)
def example_edit(request):
nid = request.GET.get(‘nid‘)
xid = request.GET.get(‘xid‘)
print(nid,xid)
return HttpResponse(‘编辑‘)
# 方式二：
# /example_edit/123/111/
url(r‘^example_edit/(\d+)/(\d+)/$‘, views.example_edit),
def example_edit(request,nid,xid):
print(nid,xid)
return HttpResponse(‘编辑‘)
# 方式三：
# /example_edit/123/111/
url(r‘^example_edit/(?P<xid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/$‘, views.example_edit),
def example_edit(request,nid,xid):
print(nid,xid)
return HttpResponse(‘编辑‘)
c. 路由分发
s19day17/urls.pyt
url(r‘^cmdb/‘, include(‘cmdb.urls‘))
url(r‘^openstack/‘, include(‘openstack.urls‘))
cmdb/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from cmdb import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^host/$‘, views.host),
]
openstack/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from openstack import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^host/$‘, views.host),
]
欠：
name
namespace
2. 视图函数
def example_edit(request,nid,xid):
request.method
request.GET
request.POST
return HttpResponse(‘文本‘)
return redirect(‘url‘)
# 打开模板，读取数据到内存
# {‘k1‘:‘v1‘}，对模板中的特殊字符进行“渲染”
# 生成不含特殊标签（已经被替换完毕）的字符串
return render(request,‘模板路径‘,{‘k1‘:‘v1‘})
3. 模板语言
a. 单值
{{ msg }}
b. 索引 .
c. 循环
d. 判断
e. 母板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css">
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
</style>
{% block css %} {% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<div style="height: 48px;background-color: #1b6d85">
头部菜单
</div>
<div>
<div style="float: left;width: 20%;background-color: #dddddd;height: 500px;">
菜单
</div>
<div style="float: left;width: 80%">
{% block content %} {% endblock %}
</div>
</div>
{% block js %} {% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block content %}
<h1>编辑部门</h1>
<form method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="t1">部门名称</label>
<input id="t1" type="text" class="form-control" name="title" value="{{ obj.title }}">
</div>
<input type="submit" value="修改" class="btn btn-default">
</form>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script></script>
{% endblock %}
欠：模板中函数
- simple_tag
- filter
- inlustion_tag
4. 补充：FK
作业：
1. 今天代码
2. 作业
